Pharyngitis

Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 1, Issue , 2014, Pages 753-759.e2

  Flores, Anthony R ^a   Caserta, Mary T ^b  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adenovirus; Arcanobacterium hemolyticum: Fusobacterium; Group A Streptococcus; Non group A Streptococcus; Pharyngeal exudate; Sore throat; Tonsillitis; Viral upper respiratory tract infection

Indexed keywords

EID: 84944581037     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00059-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (159)

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111. Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, et al. Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms. Ann Intern Med 1989, 110:612-616.
112. Esposito S, Blasi F, Bosis S, et al. Aetiology of acute pharyngitis: the role of atypical bacteria. J Med Microbiol 2004, 53:645-651.
113. Hsieh TH, Chen PY, Huang FL, et al. Are empiric antibiotics for acute exudative tonsillitis needed in children?. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2011, 44:328-332.
114. Louie JK, Hacker JK, Gonzales R, et al. Characterization of viral agents causing acute respiratory infection in a San Francisco University Medical Center Clinic during the influenza season. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 41:822-828.
115. McIsaac WJ, White D, Tannenbaum D, Low DE A clinical score to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in patients with sore throat. CMAJ 1998, 158:75-83.
116. Kaplan EL, Top FH, Dudding BA, Wannamaker LW Diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis: differentiation of active infection from the carrier state in the symptomatic child. J Infect Dis 1971, 123:490-501.
117. Ehlers Klug T, Rusan M, Fuursted K, Ovesen T Fusobacterium necrophorum: most prevalent pathogen in peritonsillar abscess in Denmark. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:1467-1472.
118. Mackenzie A, Fuite LA, Chan FT, et al. Incidence and pathogenicity of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum during a 2-year study in Ottawa. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 21:177-181.
119. Wiesner PJ, Tronca E, Bonin P, et al. Clinical spectrum of pharyngeal gonococcal infection. N Engl J Med 1973, 288:181-185.
120. Danchin MH, Rogers S, Kelpie L, et al. Burden of acute sore throat and group A streptococcal pharyngitis in school-aged children and their families in Australia. Pediatrics 2007, 120:950-957.
121. Linder JA, Bates DW, Lee GM, Finkelstein JA Antibiotic treatment of children with sore throat. JAMA 2005, 294:2315-2322.
122. Nash DR, Harman J, Wald ER, Kelleher KJ Antibiotic prescribing by primary care physicians for children with upper respiratory tract infections. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002, 156:1114-1119.
123. Steinman MA, Gonzales R, Linder JA, Landefeld CS Changing use of antibiotics in community-based outpatient practice, 1991-1999. Ann Intern Med 2003, 138:525-533.
124. Ebell MH, Smith MA, Barry HC, et al. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have strep throat?. JAMA 2000, 284:2912-2918.
125. Shaikh N, Leonard E, Martin JM Prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis and streptococcal carriage in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2010, 126:e557-e564.
126. Llor C, Madurell J, Balague-Corbella M, et al. Impact on antibiotic prescription of rapid antigen detection testing in acute pharyngitis in adults: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Gen Pract 2011, 61:e244-e251.
127. Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 2005, 5:685-694.
128. Martin JM, Green M, Barbadora KA, Wald ER Group A streptococci among school-aged children: clinical characteristics and the carrier state. Pediatrics 2004, 114:1212-1219.
129. Wing A, Villa-Roel C, Yeh B, et al. Effectiveness of corticosteroid treatment in acute pharyngitis: a systematic review of the literature. Acad Emerg Med 2010, 17:476-483.
130. Thomas M, Del Mar C, Glasziou P How effective are treatments other than antibiotics for acute sore throat?. Br J Gen Pract 2000, 50:817-820.
131. Shulman ST, Stollerman G, Beall B, et al. Temporal changes in streptococcal M protein types and the near-disappearance of acute rheumatic fever in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42:441-447.
132. Meier FA, Centor RM, Graham L, Dalton HP Clinical and microbiological evidence for endemic pharyngitis among adults due to group C streptococci. Arch Intern Med 1990, 150:825-829.
133. Centor RM Expand the pharyngitis paradigm for adolescents and young adults. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151:812-815.
134. Miller RA, Brancato F, Holmes KK Corynebacterium hemolyticum as a cause of pharyngitis and scarlatiniform rash in young adults. Ann Intern Med 1986, 105:867-872.
135. Klement E, Talkington DF, Wasserzug O, et al. Identification of risk factors for infection in an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract disease. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 43:1239-1245.
136. Esposito S, Cavagna R, Bosis S, et al. Emerging role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with acute pharyngitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002, 21:607-610.
137. Esposito S, Bosis S, Begliatti E, et al. Acute tonsillopharyngitis associated with atypical bacterial infection in children: natural history and impact of macrolide therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 43:206-209.
138. Hurt C, Tammaro D Diagnostic evaluation of mononucleosis-like illnesses. Am J Med 2007, 120:911.e1-911.e8.
139. Sumaya CV, Ench Y Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis in children. I. Clinical and general laboratory findings. Pediatrics 1985, 75:1003-1010.
140. Schacker T, Collier AC, Hughes J, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic features of primary HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 1996, 125:257-264.
141. Hecht FM, Busch MP, Rawal B, et al. Use of laboratory tests and clinical symptoms for identification of primary HIV infection. AIDS 2002, 16:1119-1129.
142. Rotbart HA, Hayden FG Picornavirus infections: a primer for the practitioner. Arch Fam Med 2000, 9:913-920.
143. Jiang M, Wei D, Ou WL, et al. Autopsy findings in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:91-92.
144. Chi H, Chiu NC, Li WC, Huang FY Etiology of acute pharyngitis in children: is antibiotic therapy needed?. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2003, 36:26-30.
145. Dominguez O, Rojo P, de Las Heras S, et al. Clinical presentation and characteristics of pharyngeal adenovirus infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005, 24:733-734.
146. McMillan JA, Weiner LB, Higgins AM, Lamparella VJ Pharyngitis associated with herpes simplex virus in college students. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993, 12:280-284.
147. Catanzaro FJ, Rammelkamp CH, Chamovitz R Prevention of rheumatic fever by treatment of streptococcal infections. II. Factors responsible for failures. N Engl J Med 1958, 259:53-57.
148. Centor RM, Witherspoon JM, Dalton HP, et al. The diagnosis of strep throat in adults in the emergency room. Med Decis Making 1981, 1:239-246.
149. McIsaac WJ, Kellner JD, Aufricht P, et al. Empirical validation of guidelines for the management of pharyngitis in children and adults. JAMA 2004, 291:1587-1595.
150. Fine AM, Nizet V, Mandl KD Large-scale validation of the Centor and McIsaac scores to predict group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Arch Intern Med 2012, 172:847-852.
151. Committee on Infectious Diseases Group A streptococcal infections. Red Book 2012, 668-680. American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL. 29th ed. L.K. Pickering (Ed.).
152. Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2012, 55:e86-e102.
153. Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults. Ann Intern Med 2001, 134:506-508.
154. Neuner JM, Hamel MB, Phillips RS, et al. Diagnosis and management of adults with pharyngitis. A cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med 2003, 139:113-122.
155. Linder JA, Chan JC, Bates DW Evaluation and treatment of pharyngitis in primary care practice: the difference between guidelines is largely academic. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166:1374-1379.
156. Del Mar CB, Glasziou PP, Spinks AB Antibiotics for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (4).
157. Lennon DR, Farrell E, Martin DR, Stewart JM Once-daily amoxicillin versus twice-daily penicillin V in group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Arch Dis Child 2008, 93:474-478.
158. Riordan T Human infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum (Necrobacillosis), with a focus on Lemierre's syndrome. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007, 20:622-659.
159. Kociolek LK, Shulman ST In the clinic. Pharyngitis. Ann Intern Med 2012, 157. ITC3-1-ITC3-16.