British Committee for Standards in Haematology Guidelines on the Identification and Management of Pre-Operative Anaemia

British Journal of Haematology

Volumn 171, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 322-331

  Kotzé, Alwyn ^a   Harris, Andrea ^b   Baker, Charles ^c   Iqbal, Tariq ^d   Lavies, Nick ^e   Richards, Toby ^f   Ryan, Kate ^g   Taylor, Craig ^h   Thomas, Dafydd ⁱ  

^a LEEDS TEACHING HOSPITALS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b NHS BLOOD AND TRANSPLANT   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF NORTH MIDLANDS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS BIRMINGHAM NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^e UK   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITALS   (United Kingdom)

^g MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^h DUDLEY GROUP OF HOSPITALS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ ABERTAWE BRO MORGANNWG UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anaemia; Anaemia of chronic disease; B12 folate; Blood transfusion; Iron deficiency

Indexed keywords

ANTIANEMIC AGENT; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FERRITIN; FOLIC ACID; IRON; PLACEBO;

ALGORITHM; ANEMIA; ARTICLE; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG INDICATION; FERRITIN BLOOD LEVEL; FOLIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; GENETIC DISORDER; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEMOGLOBIN ANALYSIS; HEMOGLOBINOPATHY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; IRON DEFICIENCY; IRON METABOLISM; IRON THERAPY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PATIENT REFERRAL; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PREOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROFESSIONAL STANDARD; PROGNOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SHORT COURSE THERAPY; SURGICAL RISK; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THERAPY DELAY; TIME TO TREATMENT; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; FEMALE; MALE;

ANEMIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC;

EID: 84944278918     PISSN: 00071048     EISSN: 13652141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13623     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. de Almeida, J.P., Vincent, J.L., Galas, F.R., de Almeida, E.P., Fukushima, J.T., Osawa, E.A., Bergamin, F., Park, C.L., Nakamura, R.E., Fonseca, S.M., Cutait, G., Alves, J.I., Bazan, M., Vieira, S., Sandrini, A.C., Palomba, H., Ribeiro, U. Jr, Crippa, A., Dalloglio, M., Diz Mdel, P., Kalil Filho, R., Auler, J.O. Jr, Rhodes, A. & Hajjar, L.A. (2015) Transfusion requirements in surgical oncology patients: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology, 122, 29-38.
2. Alsaleh, K., Alotaibi, G.S., Almodaimegh, H.S., Aleem, A.A. & Kouroukis, C.T. (2013) The use of preoperative erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients who underwent knee or hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Arthroplasty, 28, 1463-1472.
3. Amato, A. & Pescatori, M. (2006) Perioperative blood transfusions for the recurrence of colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 1, Cd005033.
4. Anker, S.D., Comin Colet, J., Filippatos, G., Willenheimer, R., Dickstein, K., Drexler, H., Luscher, T.F., Bart, B., Banasiak, W., Niegowska, J., Kirwan, B.A., Mori, C., von Eisenhart Rothe, B., Pocock, S.J., Poole-Wilson, P.A. & Ponikowski, P. (2009) Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine, 361, 2436-2448.
5. Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. (2010) Pre operative assessment and patient preparation. The role of the anaesthetist. Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, London. http://www.aagbi.org/sites/default/files/preop2010.pdf. Last accessed 22 February 2015.
6. Auerbach, M. & Macdougall, I.C. (2014) Safety of intravenous iron formulations: facts and folklore. Blood Transfusion, 12, 296-300.
7. Australian National Blood Authority. (2011a) Patient blood management guidelines Module 2: peri-operative. http://www.blood.gov.au/system/files/documents/pbm-module-2.pdf. Last accessed 9 July 2015.
8. Australian National Blood Authority. (2011b) Technical report on perioperative patient blood management - Volume 1a. http://www.blood.gov.au/system/files/documents/pbm-module-2-tech-vol1a_0.pdf. Last accessed 9 July 2015.
9. Beattie, W.S., Karkouti, K., Wijeysundera, D.N. & Taitm, G. (2009). Risk associated with preoperative anemia in noncardiac surgery: a single-center cohort study. Anesthesiology, 110, 574-581.
10. Beris, P., Munoz, M., Garcia-Erce, J.A., Thomas, D., Maniatis, A. & Van der Linden, P. (2008) Perioperative anaemia management: consensus statement on the role of intravenous iron. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 100, 599-604.
11. Bisbe, E., Garcia-Erce, J.A., Diez-Lobo, A.I. & Munoz, M. (2011) A multicentre comparative study on the efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose for correcting preoperative anaemia in patients undergoing major elective surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 107, 477-478.
12. Blest, A., Baker, C., Taylor, C., Brothwood, D. & Bramhall, J. and West Midlands Regional Transfusion Committee. (2007) Guidelines for the management of anaemia in pre-operative assessment units. http://www.transfusionguidelines.org/uk-transfusion-committees/regional-transfusion-committees/west-midlands/education-resources. Last accessed 9 July 2015.
13. Bolton-Maggs, P.H.B. (Ed), Poles, D., Watt, A., Thomas, D. & Cohen, H., on behalf of the Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Steering Group. (2013) The 2012 Annual SHOT Report. http://www.shotuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/SHOT-Annual-Report-2012.pdf
14. Brise, H. & Hallberg, L. (1962) Effect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 376, 51-58.
15. Carson, J.L. & Strair, R. (2014) Transfusion strategies in hematologic and nonhematologic disease. Hematology/the Education Program of the American Society of Hematology, 2014, 548-552.
16. Carson, J.L., Terrin, M.L., Noveck, H., Sanders, D.W., Chaitman, B.R., Rhoads, G.G., Nemo, G., Dragert, K., Beaupre, L., Hildebrand, K., Macaulay, W., Lewis, C., Cook, D.R., Dobbin, G., Zakriya, K.J., Apple, F.S., Horney, R.A. & Magaziner, J. (2011) Liberal or restrictive transfusion in high-risk patients after hip surgery. New England Journal of Medicine, 365, 2453-2462.
17. Carson, J.L., Carless, P.A. & Hebert, P.C. (2012) Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 4, Cd002042.
18. Chertow, G.M., Mason, P.D., Vaage-Nilsen, O. & Ahlmen, J. (2006) Update on adverse drug events associated with parenteral iron. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 21, 378-382.
19. Copeland, G.P., Jones, D. & Walters, M. (1991) POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit. British Journal of Surgery, 78, 355-360.
20. Department of Health. (2007) Better blood transfusion: safe and appropriate use of blood. Health Service Circular 2007/001. Department of Health, London. © Crown copyright. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_080803.pdf. Last accessed 25 March 2015.
21. Dowling, T.C. (2007) Prevalence, etiology, and consequences of anemia and clinical and economic benefits of anemia correction in patients with chronic kidney disease: an overview. American Journal of Health System Pharmacy, 64(13 Suppl. 8), S3-S7; quiz S23-25.
22. Ebinger, M., Leidl, R., Thomas, S., Von Tirpitz, C., Reinshagen, M., Adler, G. & Konig, H.H. (2004) Cost of outpatient care in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a German University Hospital. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19, 192-199.
23. Ershler, W.B., Chen, K., Reyes, E.B. & Dubois, R. (2005) Economic burden of patients with anemia in selected diseases. Value Health, 8, 629-638.
24. European Medicines Agency. (2013) Intravenous iron-containing medicinal products. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Referrals_document/IV_iron_31/WC500151308.pdf. Last accesed 9 July 2015.
25. Evstatiev, R., Marteau, P., Iqbal, T., Khalif, I.L., Stein, J., Bokemeyer, B., Chopey, I.V., Gutzwiller, F.S., Riopel, L. & Gasche, C. (2011) FERGIcor, a randomized controlled trial on ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 141, 846-853.e841-842.
26. Ferraris, V.A., Davenport, D.L., Saha, S.P., Austin, P.C. & Zwischenberger, J.B. (2012) Surgical outcomes and transfusion of minimal amounts of blood in the operating room. Archives of Surgery, 147, 49-55.
27. Finch, C. (1994) Regulators of iron balance in humans. Blood, 84, 1697-1702.
28. Garrido-Martin, P., Nassar-Mansur, M.I., de la Llana-Ducros, R., Virgos-Aller, T.M., Rodriguez Fortunez, P.M., Avalos-Pinto, R., Jimenez-Sosa, A. & Martinez-Sanz, R. (2012) The effect of intravenous and oral iron administration on perioperative anaemia and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 15, 1013-1018.
29. Glance, L.G., Dick, A.W., Mukamel, D.B., Fleming, F.J., Zollo, R.A., Wissler, R., Salloum, R., Meredith, U.W. & Osler, T.M. (2011) Association between intraoperative blood transfusion and mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology, 114, 283-292.
30. Goddard, A.F., James, M.W., McIntyre, A.S. & Scott, B.B. and British Society of Gastroenterology. (2011) Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut, 60, 1309-1316.
31. Goodnough, L.T., Maniatis, A., Earnshaw, P., Benoni, G., Beris, P., Bisbe, E., Fergusson, D.A., Gombotz, H., Habler, O., Monk, T.G., Ozier, Y., Slappendel, R. & Szpalski, M. (2011) Detection, evaluation, and management of preoperative anaemia in the elective orthopaedic surgical patient: NATA guidelines. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 106, 13-22.
32. Gurusamy, K.S., Nagendran, M., Broadhurst, J.F., Anker, S.D. & Richards, T. (2014) Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 12, Cd010640.
33. Hebert, P.C., Wells, G., Blajchman, M.A., Marshall, J., Martin, C., Pagliarello, G., Tweeddale, M., Schweitzer, I. & Yetisir, E. (1999) A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 409-417.
34. Hennis, P.J., Meale, P.M. & Grocott, M.P. (2011) Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the evaluation of perioperative risk in non-cardiopulmonary surgery. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 87, 550-557.
35. Holst, L.B., Petersen, M.W., Haase, N., Perner, A. & Wetterslev, J. (2015) Restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy for red blood cell transfusion: systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ, 350, h1354.
36. Karkouti, K., Wijeysundera, D.N., Yau, T.M., McCluskey, S.A., Chan, C.T., Wong, P.Y., Crowther, M.A., Hozhabri, S. & Beattie, W.S. (2012) Advance targeted transfusion in anemic cardiac surgical patients for kidney protection: an unblinded randomized pilot clinical trial. Anesthesiology, 116, 613-621.
37. Kateros, K., Sakellariou, V.I., Sofianos, I.P. & Papagelopoulos, P.J. (2010) Epoetin alfa reduces blood transfusion requirements in patients with intertrochanteric fracture. Journal of Critical Care, 25, 348-353.
38. Kim, Y.H., Chung, H.H., Kang, S.B., Kim, S.C. & Kim, Y.T. (2009) Safety and usefulness of intravenous iron sucrose in the management of preoperative anemia in patients with menorrhagia: a phase IV, open-label, prospective, randomized study. Acta Haematologica, 121, 37-41.
39. Kotze, A., Carter, L.A. & Scally, A.J. (2012) Effect of a patient blood management programme on preoperative anaemia, transfusion rate, and outcome after primary hip or knee arthroplasty: a quality improvement cycle. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 108, 943-952.
40. Mast, A.E., Blinder, M.A., Gronowski, A.M., Chumley, C. & Scott, M.G. (1998) Clinical utility of the soluble transferrin receptor and comparison with serum ferritin in several populations. Clinical Chemistry, 44, 45-51.
41. M'Koma, A.E., Wise, P.E., Schwartz, D.A., Muldoon, R.L. & Herline, A.J. (2009) Prevalence and outcome of anemia after restorative proctocolectomy: a clinical literature review. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 52, 726-739.
42. Munoz, M., Gomez-Ramirez, S., Cuenca, J., Garcia-Erce, J.A., Iglesias-Aparicio, D., Haman-Alcober, S., Ariza, D. & Naveira, E. (2014) Very-short-term perioperative intravenous iron administration and postoperative outcome in major orthopedic surgery: a pooled analysis of observational data from 2547 patients. Transfusion, 54, 289-299.
43. Murphy, G.J., Pike, K., Rogers, C.A., Wordsworth, S., Stokes, E.A., Angelini, G.D. & Reeves, B.C. (2015) Liberal or restrictive transfusion after cardiac surgery. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 997-1008.
44. Musallam, K.M., Tamim, H.M., Richards, T., Spahn, D.R., Rosendaal, F.R., Habbal, A., Khreiss, M., Dahdaleh, F.S., Khavandi, K., Sfeir, P.M., Soweid, A., Hoballah, J.J., Taher, A.T. & Jamali, F.R. (2011) Preoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet, 378, 1396-1407.
45. Na, H.S., Shin, S.Y., Hwang, J.Y., Jeon, Y.T., Kim, C.S. & Do, S.H. (2011) Effects of intravenous iron combined with low-dose recombinant human erythropoietin on transfusion requirements in iron-deficient patients undergoing bilateral total knee replacement arthroplasty. Transfusion, 51, 118-124.
46. National Blood Transfusion Committee. (2014) Patient blood management: an evidence-based approach to patient care. http://www.transfusionguidelines.org.uk/uk-transfusion-committees/national-blood-transfusion-committee/patient-blood-management. Accessed 2 February 2015.
47. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. (2011) Knowing the risk: a review of the peri-operative care of surgical patients. http://www.ncepod.org.uk/2011report2/downloads/POC_fullreport.pdf. Accessed 22 February 2015
48. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2014) Blood transfusion guideline: final scope. Retrieved 22 February, 2015, from http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/gid-cgwave0663/documents/transfusion-final-scope2. Accessed 22 February 2015
49. NHS Enhanced Recovery Partnership Programme. (2010) Delivering enhanced recovery - helping patients to get better sooner after surgery. http://www.nesra.co.uk/files/training/education/Delivering%20enhanced%20recovery.pdf. Last accessed 15 March 2015.
50. Nissenson, A.R., Wade, S., Goodnough, T., Knight, K. & Dubois, R.W. (2005) Economic burden of anemia in an insured population. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, 11, 565-574.
51. Pedersen, A.B., Mehnert, F., Overgaard, S. & Johnsen, S.P. (2009) Allogeneic blood transfusion and prognosis following total hip replacement: a population-based follow up study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 10, 167.
52. Prytherch, D.R., Sirl, J.S., Weaver, P.C., Schmidt, P., Higgins, B. & Sutton, G.L. (2003) Towards a national clinical minimum data set for general surgery. British Journal of Surgery, 90, 1300-1305.
53. Richards, C.H., Leitch, F.E., Horgan, P.G. & McMillan, D.C. (2010) A systematic review of POSSUM and its related models as predictors of post-operative mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 14, 1511-1520.
54. Rohde, J.M., Dimcheff, D.E., Blumberg, N., Saint, S., Langa, K.M., Kuhn, L., Hickner, A. & Rogers, M.A. (2014) Health care-associated infection after red blood cell transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 311, 1317-1326.
55. Royal College of Surgeons and Department of Health. (2011) The higher risk general surgical patient: towards improved care for a forgotten group. http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/publications/docs/higher-risk-surgical-patient/download/pdffile/higher_risk_surgical_patient_2011_web.pdf. Last accessed 22 February 2015
56. Ryan, K., Bain, B.J., Worthington, D., James, J., Plews, D., Mason, A., Roper, D., Rees, D.C., de la Salle, B. & Streetly, A. (2010) Significant haemoglobinopathies: guidelines for screening and diagnosis. British Journal of Haematology, 149, 35-49.
57. Serrano-Trenas, J.A., Ugalde, P.F., Cabello, L.M., Chofles, L.C., Lazaro, P.S. & Benitez, P.C. (2011) Role of perioperative intravenous iron therapy in elderly hip fracture patients: a single-center randomized controlled trial. Transfusion, 51, 97-104.
58. Shander, A., Knight, K., Thurer, R., Adamson, J. & Spence, R. (2004) Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in surgery: a systematic review of the literature. American Journal of Medicine, 116(Suppl. 7A, 58S-69S.
59. Shander, A., Fink, A., Javidroozi, M., Erhard, J., Farmer, S.L., Corwin, H., Goodnough, L.T., Hofmann, A., Isbister, J., Ozawa, S. & Spahn, D.R. (2011) Appropriateness of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion: the international consensus conference on transfusion outcomes. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 25, 232-246.e253.
60. Smith, J. & Tekkis, P. (2015) Risk prediction in surgery. Retrieved 1 February, 2015, from www.riskprediction.org.uk.
61. Society of Thoracic Surgeons Blood Conservation Guideline Task Force, Ferraris, V.A., Ferraris, S.P., Saha, S.P., Hessel, E.A. 2nd, Haan, C.K., Royston, B.D., Bridges, C.R., Higgins, R.S., Despotis, G. & Brown, J.R., Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Special Task Force on Blood Transfusion, Spiess, B.D., Shore-Lesserson, L., Stafford-Smith, M., Mazer, C.D., Bennett-Guerrero, E., Hill, S.E. & Body, S. (2007) Perioperative blood transfusion and blood conservation in cardiac surgery: the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and The Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists clinical practice guideline. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 83(Suppl. 5), S27-S86.
62. So-Osman, C., Nelissen, R.G., Koopman-van Gemert, A.W., Kluyver, E., Poll, R.G., Onstenk, R., Van Hilten, J.A., Jansen-Werkhoven, T.M., van den Hout, W.B., Brand, R. & Brand, A. (2014) Patient blood management in elective total hip- and knee-replacement surgery (Part 1): a randomized controlled trial on erythropoietin and blood salvage as transfusion alternatives using a restrictive transfusion policy in erythropoietin-eligible patients. Anesthesiology, 120, 839-851.
63. Spahn, D.R. (2010) Anemia and patient blood management in hip and knee surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Anesthesiology, 113, 482-495.
64. Spahn, D.R., Theusinger, O.M. & Hofmann, A. (2012) Patient blood management is a win-win: a wake-up call. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 108, 889-892.
65. Stowell, C.P., Jones, S.C., Enny, C., Langholff, W. & Leitz, G. (2009) An open-label, randomized, parallel-group study of perioperative epoetin alfa versus standard of care for blood conservation in major elective spinal surgery: safety analysis. Spine, 34, 2479-2485.
66. Thomas, D.W., Hinchliffe, R.F., Briggs, C., Macdougall, I.C., Littlewood, T. & Cavill, I. (2013) Guideline for the laboratory diagnosis of functional iron deficiency. British Journal of Haematology, 161, 639-648.
67. Tonia, T., Mettler, A., Robert, N., Schwarzer, G., Seidenfeld, J., Weingart, O., Hyde, C., Engert, A. & Bohlius, J. (2012) Erythropoietin or darbepoetin for patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 12, Cd003407.
68. UK Renal Association. (2010) Clinical practice guidelines. Anaemia in CKD. http://www.renal.org/docs/default-source/guidelines-resources/Anaemia_of_CKD_-_Final_Version_15_November_2010.pdf?sfvrsn=0. Last accessed 9 July 2015.
69. Villanueva, C., Colomo, A., Bosch, A., Concepcion, M., Hernandez-Gea, V., Aracil, C., Graupera, I., Poca, M., Alvarez-Urturi, C., Gordillo, J., Guarner-Argente, C., Santalo, M., Muniz, E. & Guarner, C. (2013) Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 11-21.
70. Weiss, G. (2009) Iron metabolism in the anemia of chronic disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1790, 682-693.
71. Weltert, L., D'Alessandro, S., Nardella, S., Girola, F., Bellisario, A., Maselli, D. & De Paulis, R. (2010) Preoperative very short-term, high-dose erythropoietin administration diminishes blood transfusion rate in off-pump coronary artery bypass: a randomized blind controlled study. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 139, 621-626; discussion 626-627.
72. Whiteley, M.S., Prytherch, D.R., Higgins, B., Weaver, P.C. & Prout, W.G. (1996) An evaluation of the POSSUM surgical scoring system. British Journal of Surgery, 83, 812-815.
73. WHO. (2011) Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011 (WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.1) (http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin. pdf. Last accessed 9 July 2015)
74. Yoo, Y.C., Shim, J.K., Kim, J.C., Jo, Y.Y., Lee, J.H. & Kwak, Y.L. (2011) Effect of single recombinant human erythropoietin injection on transfusion requirements in preoperatively anemic patients undergoing valvular heart surgery. Anesthesiology, 115, 929-937.