메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 882-894

Forest canopy reduction and snowpack dynamics in a Northern Idaho watershed of the continental-maritime region, United States

Author keywords

Forest hydrology; Idaho; Snow water equivalent; Snowmelt; Timber harvest

Indexed keywords

ABLATION; DEPOSITION; DYNAMICS; LANDFORMS; SNOW; SNOW MELTING SYSTEMS; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATERSHEDS;

EID: 84943416073     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: 19383738     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5849/forsci.14-025     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 84976710631 scopus 로고
    • A method of bivariate interpolation and smooth surface fitting for irregularly distributed data point
    • AKIMA, H. 1978. A method of bivariate interpolation and smooth surface fitting for irregularly distributed data point. ACM Trans. Math. Soft. 4(2):148–159.
    • (1978) ACM Trans. Math. Soft , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 148-159
    • Akima, H.1
  • 2
    • 0036845059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-scale spatial variability and the timing of snowmelt runoff in a high mountain catchment
    • ANDERTON, S.P., S.M. WHITE, AND B. ALVERA. 2002. Micro-scale spatial variability and the timing of snowmelt runoff in a high mountain catchment. J. Hydrol. 268:158–176.
    • (2002) J. Hydrol , vol.268 , pp. 158-176
    • Anderton, S.P.1    White, S.M.2    Alvera, B.3
  • 3
    • 39749161460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractional snow cover in the Colorado and Rio Grande basins, 1995–2002
    • BALES, R.C., K.A. DRESSLER, B. IMAM, S.R. FASSNACHT, AND D. LAMP KIN. 2008. Fractional snow cover in the Colorado and Rio Grande basins, 1995–2002. Water Resour. Res. 44:W01425.
    • (2008) Water Resour. Res. , vol.44 , pp. 1425
    • Bales, R.C.1    Dressler, K.A.2    Imam, B.3    Fassnacht, S.R.4    Kin, D.5
  • 5
    • 0023524231 scopus 로고
    • Comparative snow accumulation and melt during rainfall in forested and clear-cut plots in the western Cascades of Oregon
    • BERRIS, S.N., AND R.D. HARR. 1987. Comparative snow accumulation and melt during rainfall in forested and clear-cut plots in the western Cascades of Oregon. Water Resour. Res. 23:135–142.
    • (1987) Water Resour. Res , vol.23 , pp. 135-142
    • Berris, S.N.1    Harr, R.2
  • 6
    • 84862117136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow accumulation following forest disturbance
    • BOON, S. 2012. Snow accumulation following forest disturbance. Ecohydrology 5:279–285.
    • (2012) Ecohydrology , vol.5 , pp. 279-285
    • Boon, S.1
  • 7
    • 0033744191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrologic effects of logging in western Washington, United States. Water Resour
    • BOWLING, L.C., P. STORCK, AND D.P. LETTENMAIER. 2000. Hydrologic effects of logging in western Washington, United States. Water Resour. Res. 36(1):3223–3240.
    • (2000) Res , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 3223-3240
    • Bowling, L.C.1    Storck, P.2    Lettenmaier, D.P.3
  • 8
    • 0032456904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowmelt hydrology of two subarctic slopes, southern Yukon, Canada
    • CAREY, S.K., AND M.K. WOO. 1998. Snowmelt hydrology of two subarctic slopes, southern Yukon, Canada. Nordic Hydrol. 29:331–346.
    • (1998) Nordic Hydrol , vol.29 , pp. 331-346
    • Carey, S.K.1    Woo, M.2
  • 9
    • 0000745434 scopus 로고
    • Influences of forest and rangeland management on Salmonid fishes and their habitats, Meehan, W.R. (ed.), Bethesda, MD
    • CHAMBERLIN, T.W., R.D. HARR, AND F.H. EVEREST. 1991. Timber harvesting, silviculture, and watershed processes. P. 181–205 in Influences of forest and rangeland management on Salmonid fishes and their habitats, Meehan, W.R. (ed.). American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
    • (1991) Timber Harvesting, Silviculture, and Watershed Processes , pp. 181-205
    • Chamberlin, T.W.1    Harr, R.D.2    Everest, F.H.3
  • 11
    • 69249106902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling snow melt and snowcover depletion in a small alpine cirque, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Hydrol
    • DEBEER, C.M., AND J.W. POMEROY. 2009. Modelling snow melt and snowcover depletion in a small alpine cirque, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Hydrol. Process. 23:2584–2599.
    • (2009) Process , vol.23 , pp. 2584-2599
    • Debeer, C.M.1    Pomeroy, J.W.2
  • 12
    • 84864751701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the SnowHydro snow sampler with existing snow tube designs. Hydrol
    • DIXON, D., AND S. BOON. 2012. Comparison of the SnowHydro snow sampler with existing snow tube designs. Hydrol. Process 26:2555–2562.
    • (2012) Process , vol.26 , pp. 2555-2562
    • Dixon, D.1    Boon, S.2
  • 13
    • 84916943957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and sensitivity test of the distributed hydrology soil-vegetation model (DHSVM) in a forested mountain watershed
    • DU, E., T.E. LINK, J.A. GRAVELLE, AND J.A. HUBBART. 2013. Validation and sensitivity test of the distributed hydrology soil-vegetation model (DHSVM) in a forested mountain watershed. Hydrol. Process 28(26)6196–6210.
    • (2013) Hydrol
    • Du, E.1    Link, T.E.2    Gravelle, J.A.3    Hubbart, J.A.4
  • 14
    • 58149269123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to snow water equivalent reconstruction
    • DURAND, M., N.P. MOLOTCH, AND S.A. MARGULIS. 2008. A Bayesian approach to snow water equivalent reconstruction. J. Geophys. Res. Atm. 113:D20117.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. Atm , vol.113 , pp. 117
    • Durand, M.1    Molotch, N.P.2    Margulis, S.A.3
  • 15
    • 0344668842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaf area index inferred from solar beam transmission in mixed conifer forests on complex terrain. Agri. For
    • DUURSMA, R.A., J.D. MARSHALL, AND A.P. ROBINSON. 2003. Leaf area index inferred from solar beam transmission in mixed conifer forests on complex terrain. Agri. For. Meteorol. 118(3–4):221–236.
    • (2003) Meteorol , vol.118 , Issue.34 , pp. 221-236
    • Duursma, R.A.1    Marshall, J.D.2    Robinson, A.P.3
  • 16
    • 0037772339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sublimation of snow from coniferous forests in a climate model
    • ESSERY, R., J. POMEROY, J. PARVIAINEN, AND P. STORCK. 2003. Sublimation of snow from coniferous forests in a climate model. J. Climate 16(1):1855–1864.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 1855-1864
    • Essery, R.1    Pomeroy, J.2    Parviainen, J.3    Storck, P.4
  • 17
    • 0031402380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and latent heat over heterogeneous snowcover
    • ESSERY, R.L.H. 1997. Modelling fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and latent heat over heterogeneous snowcover. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 123:1867–1883.
    • (1997) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc , vol.123 , pp. 1867-1883
    • Essery, R.L.H.1
  • 18
    • 84943410486 scopus 로고
    • Changes in streamflow peaks following timber harvest of a coastal British Colombia watershed
    • Forest hydrology and watershed management, Swanson, R.H., P.Y. Bernier, and P.D. Woodard (eds.), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
    • GOLDING, D.L. 1987. Changes in streamflow peaks following timber harvest of a coastal British Colombia watershed. P. 625 in Forest hydrology and watershed management, Swanson, R.H., P.Y. Bernier, and P.D. Woodard (eds.). IAHS Press, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
    • (1987) IAHS Press , pp. 625
    • Golding, D.L.1
  • 19
    • 0000961178 scopus 로고
    • Snow accumulation and melt in small forest openings in Alberta
    • GOLDING, D.L., AND R.H. SWANSON. 1978. Snow accumulation and melt in small forest openings in Alberta. Can. J. For. Res. 8:380–388.
    • (1978) Can. J. For. Res , vol.8 , pp. 380-388
    • Golding, D.L.1    Swanson, R.H.2
  • 20
    • 0022873528 scopus 로고
    • Snow distribution patterns in clearings and adjacent forest. Water Resour
    • GOLDING, D.L., AND R.H. SWANSON. 1986. Snow distribution patterns in clearings and adjacent forest. Water Resour. Res. 22(3):1931–1940.
    • (1986) Res , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 1931-1940
    • Golding, D.L.1    Swanson, R.H.2
  • 21
    • 84943395926 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and data analysis. P. 191–274 in Handbook of snow: Principles, processes, management and use
    • Willowdale, ON, Canada
    • GOODISON, B.E., H.L. FERGUSON, AND G.A. MCKAY. 1981. Measurement and data analysis. P. 191–274 in Handbook of snow: Principles, processes, management and use, Gray, D.M., and D.H. Male (eds.). Pergamon Press Canada, Ltd., Willowdale, ON, Canada.
    • (1981) Gray, D.M., and D.H. Male (Eds.). Pergamon Press Canada
    • Goodison, B.E.1    Ferguson, H.L.2    McKay, G.A.3
  • 23
    • 34147138376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of timber harvesting on headwater peak stream temperatures in a northern Idaho watershed
    • GRAVELLE, J.A., AND T.E. LINK. 2007. Influences of timber harvesting on headwater peak stream temperatures in a northern Idaho watershed. For. Sci. 53(2):189–205.
    • (2007) For. Sci , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-205
    • Gravelle, J.A.1    Link, T.E.2
  • 24
    • 0022753819 scopus 로고
    • Effects of clearcutting on rain-on-snow runoff in Western Oregon: A new look at old studies. Water Resour
    • HARR, R.D. 1986. Effects of clearcutting on rain-on-snow runoff in Western Oregon: A new look at old studies. Water Resour. Res. 22(7): 1095–1100.
    • (1986) Res , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 1095-1100
    • Harr, R.D.1
  • 25
    • 0019727176 scopus 로고
    • Some characteristics and consequences of snowmelt during rainfall in Western Oregon
    • HARR, R.D. 1980. Some characteristics and consequences of snowmelt during rainfall in Western Oregon. J. Hydrol. 53:277–304.
    • (1980) J. Hydrol , vol.53 , pp. 277-304
    • Harr, R.D.1
  • 28
    • 0032147498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements and modelling of snow interception in the boreal forest. Hydrol
    • HEDSTROM, N.R., AND J.W. POMEROY. 1998. Measurements and modelling of snow interception in the boreal forest. Hydrol. Proc. 12: 1611–1625.
    • (1998) Proc , vol.12 , pp. 1611-1625
    • Hedstrom, N.R.1    Pomeroy, J.2
  • 29
    • 0026123649 scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes in Streamflow following logging in western Oregon and associated fisheries implications. Water Resour
    • HICKS, B.J., R.L. BESCHTA, AND R.D. HARR. 1991. Long-term changes in Streamflow following logging in western Oregon and associated fisheries implications. Water Resour. Bull. 27(2):217–226.
    • (1991) Bull , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-226
    • Hicks, B.J.1    Beschta, R.L.2    Harr, R.D.3
  • 30
    • 80052499909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation strategies to improve WEPP snowmelt simulations in mountainous terrain
    • HUBBART, J.A., T.E. LINK, AND W.J. ELLIOT. 2011. Implementation strategies to improve WEPP snowmelt simulations in mountainous terrain. Am. Soc. Agri. Biol Eng. 54(4):1333–1345.
    • (2011) Am. Soc. Agri. Biol Eng , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 1333-1345
    • Hubbart, J.A.1    Link, T.E.2    Elliot, W.J.3
  • 31
    • 34147095966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timber harvest impacts on hydrologic yield in the continental/maritime hydroclimatic region of the United States. For
    • HUBBART, J.A., T.E. LINK, J.A. GRAVELLE, AND W.J. ELLIOT. 2007a. Timber harvest impacts on hydrologic yield in the continental/maritime hydroclimatic region of the United States. For. Sci. 53(2):169–180.
    • (2007) Sci , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-180
    • Hubbart, J.A.1    Link, T.E.2    Gravelle, J.A.3    Elliot, W.J.4
  • 32
    • 34248361890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold air drainage and modeled nocturnal leaf water potential in complex forested terrain
    • HUBBART, J.A., K.L. KAVANAGH, R. PANGLE, T.E. LINK, AND A. SCHOTZKO. 2007b. Cold air drainage and modeled nocturnal leaf water potential in complex forested terrain. Tree Phys. 27:631–639.
    • (2007) Tree Phys , vol.27 , pp. 631-639
    • Hubbart, J.A.1    Kavanagh, K.L.2    Pangle, R.3    Link, T.E.4    Schotzko, A.5
  • 33
    • 0034086578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowpack recovery in regenerating coastal British Columbia clearcuts
    • HUDSON, R. 2000. Snowpack recovery in regenerating coastal British Columbia clearcuts. Can. J. For. Res. 30:548–556.
    • (2000) Can. J. For. Res , vol.30 , pp. 548-556
    • Hudson, R.1
  • 34
    • 69249086932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation of snowmelt and sublimation in a high-elevation semi-desert basin of western Canada. Hydrol
    • JACKSON, S.I., AND T.D. PROWSE. 2009. Spatial variation of snowmelt and sublimation in a high-elevation semi-desert basin of western Canada. Hydrol. Proc. 23:2611–2627.
    • (2009) Proc , vol.23 , pp. 2611-2627
    • Jackson, S.I.1    Prowse, T.D.2
  • 35
    • 84856227253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed temperature-index snowmelt modeling for forested catchments
    • JOST, G., R.D. MOORE, R. SMITH, AND D.R. GLUNS. 2012. Distributed temperature-index snowmelt modeling for forested catchments. J. Hydrol. 420–421:87–101.
    • (2012) J. Hydrol , vol.420 , pp. 87-101
    • Jost, G.1    Moore, R.D.2    Smith, R.3    Gluns, D.R.4
  • 36
    • 35848963647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of forest and topography on snow accumulation and melt at the watershedscale
    • JOST, G., M. WEILER, D.R. GLUNS, AND Y. ALILA. 2007. The influence of forest and topography on snow accumulation and melt at the watershedscale. J. Hydrol. 347:101–115.
    • (2007) J. Hydrol , vol.347 , pp. 101-115
    • Jost, G.1    Weiler, M.2    Gluns, D.R.3    Alila, Y.4
  • 37
    • 34147150658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of timber harvest on suspended sediment loads in Mica Creek, Idaho. For
    • KARWAN, D.L., J.A. GRAVELLE, AND J.A. HUBBART. 2007. Effects of timber harvest on suspended sediment loads in Mica Creek, Idaho. For. Sci. 53(2):181–188.
    • (2007) Sci , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-188
    • Karwan, D.L.1    Gravelle, J.A.2    Hubbart, J.A.3
  • 39
    • 39749160508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotopic variation of snowcover and streamflow in response to changes in canopy structure in a snow-dominated mountain catchment
    • KOENIGER, P., J.A. HUBBART, T. LINK, AND J.D. MARSHALL. 2008. Isotopic variation of snowcover and streamflow in response to changes in canopy structure in a snow-dominated mountain catchment. Hydrol. Proc. 22(4):557–566.
    • (2008) Hydrol. Proc. , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 557-566
    • Koeniger, P.1    Hubbart, J.A.2    Link, T.3    Marshall, J.D.4
  • 40
    • 80053275591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of incoming all-wave radiation in discontinuous forest canopies with application to snowmelt prediction. Hydrol
    • LAWLER, R.R., AND T.E. LINK. 2011. Quantification of incoming all-wave radiation in discontinuous forest canopies with application to snowmelt prediction. Hydrol. Proc. 25:3322–3331.
    • (2011) Proc , vol.25 , pp. 3322-3331
    • Lawler, R.R.1    Link, T.E.2
  • 41
    • 0033208291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed simulation of snowcover mass-and energy-balance in the boreal forest
    • LINK, T., AND D. MARKS. 1999a. Distributed simulation of snowcover mass-and energy-balance in the boreal forest. Hydrol. Proc. 13:2439– 2452.
    • (1999) Hydrol. Proc , pp. 2452
    • Link, T.1    Marks, D.2
  • 42
    • 0033610965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point simulation of seasonal snowcover dynamics beneath boreal forest canopies
    • LINK, T.E., AND D. MARKS. 1999b. Point simulation of seasonal snowcover dynamics beneath boreal forest canopies. J. Geophys. Res. Atm. 104(D22):27841–27858.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. Atm , vol.104 , Issue.22 , pp. 27841-27858
    • Link, T.E.1    Marks, D.2
  • 43
    • 84885000101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower forest density enhances snow retention in regions with warmer winters: A global framework developed from plot-scale observations and modeling
    • LUNDQUIST, J.D., S.E. DICKERSON-LANGE, J.A. LUTZ, AND N.C. CRIS TEA. 2013. Lower forest density enhances snow retention in regions with warmer winters: A global framework developed from plot-scale observations and modeling. Water Resour. Res. 49:1–15.
    • (2013) Water Resour. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 1-15
    • Lundquist, J.D.1    Dickerson-Lange, S.E.2    Lutz, J.A.3    Cristea, N.C.4
  • 45
    • 84878498865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and testing of a snow interceptometer to quantify canopy water storage and interception processes in the rain/snow transition zone of the North Cascades, Washington, USA
    • MARTIN, K.A., J.T. VAN STAN, S.E. DICKERSON-LANGE, J.A. LUTZ, J.W. BERMAN, R. GERSONDE, AND J.D. LUNDQUIST. 2013. Development and testing of a snow interceptometer to quantify canopy water storage and interception processes in the rain/snow transition zone of the North Cascades, Washington, USA. Water Resour. Res. 49:3243–3256.
    • (2013) Water Resour. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 3243-3256
    • Martin, K.A.1    Vanstan, J.T.2    Dickerson-Lange, S.E.3    Lutz, J.A.4    Berman, J.W.5    Gersonde, R.6    Lundquist, J.D.7
  • 46
    • 43449132081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the controls of the snow energy balance and water available for runoff in a rain-on-snow environment
    • MAZURKIEWICZ, A.B., D.G. CALLERY, AND J.J. MCDONNEL. 2008. Assessing the controls of the snow energy balance and water available for runoff in a rain-on-snow environment. J. Hydrol. 354:1–14.
    • (2008) J. Hydrol , vol.354 , pp. 1-14
    • Mazurkiewicz, A.B.1    Callery, D.G.2    McDonnel, J.J.3
  • 48
    • 29944442652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling snow observations from the point to the grid-element: Implications for observation network design
    • MOLOTCH, N., AND R. BALES. 2005. Scaling snow observations from the point to the grid-element: Implications for observation network design. Water Resour. Res. 41:W11421.
    • (2005) Water Resour. Res , vol.41 , pp. 11421
    • Molotch, N.1    Bales, R.2
  • 49
    • 62249109379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing snow water equivalent in the Rio Grande headwaters using remotely sensed snow cover data and a spatially distributed snowmelt model. Hydrol
    • MOLOTCH, N.P. 2009. Reconstructing snow water equivalent in the Rio Grande headwaters using remotely sensed snow cover data and a spatially distributed snowmelt model. Hydrol. Proc. 23:1076–1089.
    • (2009) Proc , vol.23 , pp. 1076-1089
    • Molotch, N.P.1
  • 51
    • 34250342569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating sublimation of intercepted and subcanopy snow using eddy covariance systems. Hydrol
    • MOLOTCH, N.P., P.D. BLANKEN, M.W. WILLIAMS, A.A. TURNISPEED, R.K. MONSON, AND S.A. MARGULIS. 2007. Estimating sublimation of intercepted and subcanopy snow using eddy covariance systems. Hydrol. Proc. 21(12):1567–1575.
    • (2007) Proc , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 1567-1575
    • Molotch, N.P.1    Blanken, P.D.2    Williams, M.W.3    Turnispeed, A.A.4    Monson, R.K.5    Margulis, S.A.6
  • 52
    • 0002098503 scopus 로고
    • Terrain attributes: Estimation methods and scale effects
    • Jakeman, A.J., M.B. Beck, and M.J. McAleer (eds.). John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • MOORE, I.D., A. LEWIS, AND J.C. GALLANT. 1993. Terrain attributes: Estimation methods and scale effects. In Modeling change in environmental systems, Jakeman, A.J., M.B. Beck, and M.J. McAleer (eds.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. 584 p.
    • (1993) Modeling Change in Environmental Systems , pp. 584
    • Moore, I.D.1    Lewis, A.2    Gallant, J.C.3
  • 53
    • 0033022004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometric crown relations in three northern Idaho conifer species
    • MONSERUD, R.A., AND J.D. MARSHALL. 1999. Allometric crown relations in three northern Idaho conifer species. Can. J. For. Res. 29:521–535.
    • (1999) Can. J. For. Res , vol.29 , pp. 521-535
    • Monserud, R.A.1    Marshall, J.D.2
  • 56
    • 0037428977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of clearcut harvesting on snow accumulation and melt in a northern hardwood forest
    • MURRAY, C.D., AND J.M. BUTTLE. 2003. Impacts of clearcut harvesting on snow accumulation and melt in a northern hardwood forest. J. Hydrol. 271:197–212.
    • (2003) J. Hydrol , vol.271 , pp. 197-212
    • Murray, C.D.1    Buttle, J.M.2
  • 57
    • 48749112079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vegetation on snow accumulation and ablation in a mid-latitude sub-alpine forest. Hydrol
    • MUSSELMAN, K.N., N.P. MOLOTCH, AND P.D. BROOKS. 2008. Effects of vegetation on snow accumulation and ablation in a mid-latitude sub-alpine forest. Hydrol. Proc. 22:2767–2776.
    • (2008) Proc , vol.22 , pp. 2767-2776
    • Musselman, K.N.1    Molotch, N.P.2    Brooks, P.D.3
  • 58
    • 0001690601 scopus 로고
    • Elevation, aspect, and cover effects on maximum snowpack water content in a western white pine forest
    • PACKER, P. 1962. Elevation, aspect, and cover effects on maximum snowpack water content in a western white pine forest. For. Sci. 8(3): 225–235.
    • (1962) For. Sci , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-235
    • Packer, P.1
  • 59
    • 84911593965 scopus 로고
    • Terrain and cover effects on snowmelt in a western white pine forest. For
    • PACKER, P. 1971. Terrain and cover effects on snowmelt in a western white pine forest. For. Sci. 17(1):125–134.
    • (1971) Sci , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 125-134
    • Packer, P.1
  • 60
    • 84864763170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest influences on snow accumulation and snowmelt at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA
    • PENN, C.A., B.C. WEMPLE, AND J.L. CAMPBELL. 2012. Forest influences on snow accumulation and snowmelt at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Hydrol. Proc. 26:2524–2534.
    • (2012) Hydrol. Proc , vol.26 , pp. 2524-2534
    • Penn, C.A.1    Wemple, B.C.2    Campbell, J.L.3
  • 61
    • 85069367871 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of snow measurements
    • Coronado, CA. Western Snow Conference Association, Coronado, CA
    • PETERSON, N.R., AND A.J. BROWN. 1975. Accuracy of snow measurements. P. 1–9 in Proc. of the 43rd annual western snow conference, 1975 April 23–25, Coronado, CA. Western Snow Conference Association, Coronado, CA.
    • (1975) Proc. Of the 43Rd Annual Western Snow Conference , pp. 1-9
    • Peterson, N.R.1    Brown, A.J.2
  • 62
    • 33646591526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the spatial-temporal variability of spring snowmelt in an arctic catchment. Hydrol
    • POHL, S., AND P. MARSH. 2006. Modelling the spatial-temporal variability of spring snowmelt in an arctic catchment. Hydrol. Proc. 20:1773–1792.
    • (2006) Proc , vol.20 , pp. 1773-1792
    • Pohl, S.1    Marsh, P.2
  • 63
    • 84862020345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of snowmelt hydrology in Marmot Creek, Alberta, to forest cover disturbance. Hydrol
    • POMEROY, J., X. FANG, AND C. ELLIS. 2012. Sensitivity of snowmelt hydrology in Marmot Creek, Alberta, to forest cover disturbance. Hydrol. Proc. 26:1891–1904.
    • (2012) Proc , vol.26 , pp. 1891-1904
    • Pomeroy, J.1    Fang, X.2    Ellis, C.3
  • 65
    • 0001776848 scopus 로고
    • The use of fractal geometry in modeling intercepted snow accumulation and sublimation
    • Quebec City, QC, Canada. Western Snow Conference, Brush Prairie, WA
    • POMEROY, J.W., AND R.A. SCHMIDT. 1993. The use of fractal geometry in modeling intercepted snow accumulation and sublimation. P. 1–10 in Proc. of the 61st annual western snow conference, 1993 June 8–10, Quebec City, QC, Canada. Western Snow Conference, Brush Prairie, WA.
    • (1993) In Proc. Of the 61St Annual Western Snow Conference , pp. 1-10
    • Pomeroy, J.W.1    Schmidt, R.A.2
  • 66
    • 0141872363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in surface energetics during snowmelt in a subarctic mountain catchment
    • POMEROY, J.W., B. TOTH, R.J. GRANGER, N.R. HEDSTROM, AND R.L.H. ESSERY. 2003. Variation in surface energetics during snowmelt in a subarctic mountain catchment. J. Hydromet. 4:702–719.
    • (2003) J. Hydromet , vol.4 , pp. 702-719
    • Pomeroy, J.W.1    Toth, B.2    Granger, R.J.3    Hedstrom, N.R.4    Essery, R.L.H.5
  • 67
    • 84893204712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variability of snow bulk density and seasonal snow densification behavior in Finland
    • RASMUS, S. 2013. Spatial and temporal variability of snow bulk density and seasonal snow densification behavior in Finland. Geophysica 49(1–2): 53–74.
    • (2013) Geophysica , vol.49 , Issue.12 , pp. 53-74
    • Rasmus, S.1
  • 68
    • 68749114109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vegetation, albedo, and solar radiation sheltering on the distribution of snow in the Valles Caldera, New Mexico
    • RINEHART, A.J., E.R. VIVONI, AND P.D. BROOKS. 2008. Effects of vegetation, albedo, and solar radiation sheltering on the distribution of snow in the Valles Caldera, New Mexico. Ecohydrology 1(3):253–270.
    • (2008) Ecohydrology , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-270
    • Rinehart, A.J.1    Vivoni, E.R.2    Brooks, P.D.3
  • 69
    • 84875402466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrological effects of clear-cutting in a boreal forest— Snowpack dynamics, snowmelt and streamflow responses
    • SCHELKER, J., L. KUGLEROVA, K. EKLOF, K. BISHOP, AND H. LAUDON. 2013. Hydrological effects of clear-cutting in a boreal forest— Snowpack dynamics, snowmelt and streamflow responses. J. Hydrol. 484:105–114.
    • (2013) J. Hydrol , vol.484 , pp. 105-114
    • Schelker, J.1    Kuglerova, L.2    Eklof, K.3    Bishop, K.4    Laudon, H.5
  • 70
    • 0013572479 scopus 로고
    • Sublimation of intercepted snow as a global source of water vapor
    • Jackson, WY. Western Snow Conference, Brush Prairie, WA
    • SCHMIDT, R.A., AND C.A. TROENDLE. 1992. Sublimation of intercepted snow as a global source of water vapor. P. 1–9 Proc. of the 60th annual western snow conference, 1992 April 14–16, Jackson, WY. Western Snow Conference, Brush Prairie, WA.
    • (1992) Proc. Of the 60Th Annual Western Snow Conference , pp. 1-9
    • Schmidt, R.A.1    Troendle, C.A.2
  • 71
    • 0024856002 scopus 로고
    • Snowfall into a forest and clearing
    • SCHMIDT, R.A., AND C.A. TROENDLE. 1989. Snowfall into a forest and clearing. J. Hydrol. 110:335–348.
    • (1989) J. Hydrol , vol.110 , pp. 335-348
    • Schmidt, R.A.1    Troendle, C.A.2
  • 72
    • 9444277113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sensitivity study of daytime net radiation during snowmelt to forest canopy and atmospheric conditions
    • SICART, J.E., J.W. POMEROY, R.E. ESSERY, J. HARDY, T. LINK, AND D. MARKS. 2004. A sensitivity study of daytime net radiation during snowmelt to forest canopy and atmospheric conditions. J. Hydromet. 5:774–784.
    • (2004) J. Hydromet. , vol.5 , pp. 774-784
    • Sicart, J.E.1    Pomeroy, J.W.2    Essery, R.E.3    Hardy, J.4    Link, T.5    Marks, D.6
  • 73
    • 84884137434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the role of vegetation density on net snow cover radiation at the forest floor
    • SEYEDNASROLLAH, B., M. KUMAR, AND T.E. LINK. 2013. On the role of vegetation density on net snow cover radiation at the forest floor. J. Geophys. Res. Atm. 118:1–16.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atm , vol.118 , pp. 1-16
    • Seyednasrollah, B.1    Kumar, M.2    Link, T.E.3
  • 74
    • 34250465766 scopus 로고
    • The effect of unequal group size on Tukey’s HSD procedure
    • SMITH, R. 1971. The effect of unequal group size on Tukey’s HSD procedure. Psychometrika 36:31–34.
    • (1971) Psychometrika , vol.36 , pp. 31-34
    • Smith, R.1
  • 75
    • 0036880157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of snow interception and canopy effects on snow accumulation and melt in mountainous maritime climate
    • STORCK, P., D.P. LETTENMAIER, AND S. BOLTON. 2002., Measurement of snow interception and canopy effects on snow accumulation and melt in mountainous maritime climate, Oregon, USA. Water Resour. Res. 38(11):1223–1238.
    • (2002) Oregon, USA. Water Resour. Res , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 1223-1238
    • Storck, P.1    Lettenmaier, D.P.2    Bolton, S.3
  • 77
    • 0022265907 scopus 로고
    • The effect of timber harvest on the Fool Creek watershed, 30 years later
    • TROENDLE, C.A., AND R.M. KING. 1985. The effect of timber harvest on the Fool Creek watershed, 30 years later. Water Resour. Res. 21(12): 915–922.
    • (1985) Water Resour. Res , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 915-922
    • Troendle, C.A.1    King, R.M.2
  • 78
    • 77957018282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest canopy effects on snow accumulation and ablation: An integrative review of empirical results
    • VARHOLA, A., N.C. COOPS, M. WEILER, AND R.D. MOORE. 2010. Forest canopy effects on snow accumulation and ablation: An integrative review of empirical results. J. Hydrol. 392:219–233.
    • (2010) J. Hydrol , vol.392 , pp. 219-233
    • Varhola, A.1    Coops, N.C.2    Weiler, M.3    Moore, R.D.4
  • 79
    • 68749110862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the effects of forest canopy cover on net snow accumulation at a continental, mid-latitude site
    • VEATCH, W., P.D. BROOKS, J.R. GUSTAFSON, AND N.P. MOLOTCH. 2009. Quantifying the effects of forest canopy cover on net snow accumulation at a continental, mid-latitude site. Ecohydrology 2:115–128.
    • (2009) Ecohydrology , vol.2 , pp. 115-128
    • Veatch, W.1    Brooks, P.D.2    Gustafson, J.R.3    Molotch, N.4
  • 80
    • 84943425324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary comparison of clearcut and forest snow accumulation and melt in south-central British Columbia
    • Canadian Water Resources Association, Canada
    • WINKLER, R. 1999. A preliminary comparison of clearcut and forest snow accumulation and melt in south-central British Columbia. P. 313–316 in Proc. of the 52nd Canadian Water Resources Association conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Canadian Water Resources Association, Canada.
    • (1999) In Proc. Of the 52Nd Canadian Water Resources Association Conference, Vancouver, BC , pp. 313-316
    • Winkler, R.1
  • 81
    • 33751105217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in snow accumulation patterns within forest stands on the interior plateau of British Columbia, Canada
    • WINKLER, R.D., AND R.D. MOORE. 2006. Variability in snow accumulation patterns within forest stands on the interior plateau of British Columbia, Canada. Hydrol. Proc. 20:3683–3695.
    • (2006) Hydrol. Proc , vol.20 , pp. 3683-3695
    • Winkler, R.D.1    Moore, R.D.2
  • 82
    • 0036825917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial snow modeling of wind-redistributed snow using terrain-based parameters
    • WINSTRAL, A., K. ELDER, AND R.E. DAVIS. 2002. Spatial snow modeling of wind-redistributed snow using terrain-based parameters. J. Hydromet. 3:524–538.
    • (2002) J. Hydromet , vol.3 , pp. 524-538
    • Winstral, A.1    Elder, K.2    Davis, R.E.3
  • 83
    • 0037203260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating wind fields and snow redistribution using terrain-based parameters to model snow accumulation and melt over a semi-arid mountain catchment
    • WINSTRAL, A., AND D. MARKS. 2002. Simulating wind fields and snow redistribution using terrain-based parameters to model snow accumulation and melt over a semi-arid mountain catchment. Hydrol. Proc. 16:3585–3603.
    • (2002) Hydrol. Proc , vol.16 , pp. 3585-3603
    • Winstral, A.1    Marks, D.2
  • 84
    • 33745854143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowmelt contribution to discharge from a large mountainous catchment in subarctic Canada. Hydrol
    • WOO, M., AND T. THORNE. 2006. Snowmelt contribution to discharge from a large mountainous catchment in subarctic Canada. Hydrol. Proc. 20:2129–2139.
    • (2006) Proc , vol.20 , pp. 2129-2139
    • Woo, M.1    Thorne, T.2
  • 85
    • 33749537822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow accumulation in thinned lodgepole pine stands, Montana, USA
    • WOODS, S.C., R. AHL, J. SAPPINGTON, AND W. MCCAUGHEY. 2006. Snow accumulation in thinned lodgepole pine stands, Montana, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 235:202–211.
    • (2006) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.235 , pp. 202-211
    • Woods, S.C.1    Ahl, R.2    Sappington, J.3    McCaughey, W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.