Organized convection parameterization for the ITCZ

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 72, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 3073-3096

  Khouider, Boualem ^a   Moncrieff, Mitchell W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Convective parameterization; Deep convection; Mesoscale systems; Numerical analysis modeling; Subgrid scale processes; Wind shear

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; EMBEDDED SYSTEMS; FIGHTER AIRCRAFT; OSCILLATING FLOW; PARAMETERIZATION; STORMS;

CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; DEEP CONVECTION; MESO-SCALE SYSTEMS; NUMERICAL ANALYSIS/MODELING; SUB-GRID SCALE PROCESS; WIND SHEARS;

SHEAR FLOW;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; STRATIFORM CLOUD; WIND SHEAR;

EID: 84943413782     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0006.1     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Ajayamohan, R. S., B. Khouider, and A. J. Majda, 2013: Realistic initiation and dynamics of the Madden-Julian oscillation in a coarse resolution aquaplanet GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 6252-6257, doi:10.1002/2013GL058187.
2. Ajayamohan, R. S., B. Khouider, and A. J. Majda, 2014: Simulation of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations in a coarse-resolution aquaplanet GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 5662-5669, doi:10.1002/2014GL060662.
3. Chen, G., Y. N. Takayabu, and C. Yokoyama, 2014: Synopticscale dual structure of precipitable water along the eastern Pacific ITCZ. J. Climate, 27, 6288-6304, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00060.1.
4. Cheng, C.-P., and R. A. Houze Jr., 1979: The distribution of convective and mesoscale precipitation in GATE radar echo patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1370-1381, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1370:TDOCAM>2.0.CO;2.
5. Deng, Q., B. Khouider, and A. J. Majda, 2015: The MJOin a coarseresolution GCM with a stochastic multicloud parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 55-74, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-14-0120.1.
6. Dudhia, J., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1987: A numerical simulation of quasi-stationary tropical convective bands. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 929-967, doi:10.1002/qj.49711347711.
7. Dudhia, J., M. W. Moncrieff, and D. W. K. So, 1987: The two-dimensional dynamics of West African squall lines. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 121-146, doi:10.1002/qj.49711347508.
8. Dunion, J. P., and C. S. Marron, 2008: A reexamination of the Jordan mean tropical sounding based on awareness of the Saharan air layer: Results from 2002. J. Climate, 21, 5242-5253, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI1868.1.
9. Han, Y., and B. Khouider, 2010: Convectively coupled waves in a sheared environment. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2913-2942, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3335.1.
10. Houze, R. A., Jr., 2004: Mesoscale convective systems. Rev. Geophys., 42, RG4003, doi:10.1029/2004RG000150.
11. Houze, R. A., Jr., and C. P. Cheng, 1977: Radar characteristics of tropical convection observed during GATE: Mean properties and trends over the summer season. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 964-980, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0964:RCOTCO>2.0.CO;2.
12. Johnson, R. H., T. M. Rickenbach, S. A. Rutledge, P. E. Ciesielski, and W. H. Schubert, 1999: Trimodal characteristics of tropical convection. J. Climate, 12, 2397-2418, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2397:TCOTC>2.0.CO;2.
13. Kacimi, A., and B. Khouider, 2013:Anumerical investigation of the barotropic instability on the equatorial b-plane. Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 27, 491-512, doi:10.1007/s00162-012-0260-3.
14. Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2006: A simple multicloud parameterization for convectively coupled tropical waves. Part I: Linear analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1308-1323, doi:10.1175/JAS3677.1.
15. Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2007: A simple multicloud parameterization for convectively coupled tropical waves. Part II: Nonlinear simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 381-400, doi:10.1175/JAS3833.1.
16. Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2008a: Equatorial convectively coupled waves in a simplemulticloudmodel. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3376-3397, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2752.1.
17. Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2008b: Multicloud models for organized tropical convection: Enhanced congestus heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 895-914, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2408.1.
18. Khouider, B., A. St-Cyr, A. J. Majda, and J. Tribbia, 2011: The MJO and convectively coupled waves in a coarse-resolution GCM with a simple multicloud parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 240-264, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3443.1.
19. Khouider, B., Y. Han, and J. A. Biello, 2012a: Convective momentum transport in a simple multicloud model for organized convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 281-302, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-042.1.
20. Khouider, B., Y. Han, A. Majda, and S. Stechmann, 2012b: Multiscale waves in an MJO background and CMT feedback. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 915-933, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0152.1.
21. Khouider, B., A. J. Majda, and S. N. Stechmann, 2013: Climate science in the tropics: Waves, vortices and PDEs. Nonlinearity, 26, R1, doi:10.1088/0951-7715/26/1/R1.
22. Kiladis, G. N., M. C. Wheeler, P. T. Haertel, K. H. Straub, and P. E. Roundy, 2009: Convectively coupled equatorial waves. Rev. Geophys., 47, RG2003, doi:10.1029/2008RG000266.
23. Kuo, H. L., 1963: Perturbations of plane Couette flow in stratified fluid and origin of cloud streets. Phys. Fluids, 6, 195-211, doi:10.1063/1.1706719.
24. Lafore, J.-P., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1989:Anumerical investigation of the organization and interaction of the convective and stratiform regions of tropical squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 521-544.
25. Lane, T. P., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2010: Characterization of momentum transport associated with organized moist convection and gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3208-3225, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3418.1.
26. LeMone, M. A., 1983: Momentum transport by a line of cumulonimbus. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1815-1834, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1815:MTBALO>2.0.CO;2.
27. LeMone, M. A., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1994: Momentum and mass transport by convective bands: Comparisons of highly idealized dynamical models to observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 281-305, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<0281:MAMTBC>2.0.CO;2.
28. LeMone, M. A., E. J. Zipser, and S. B. Trier, 1998: The role of environmental shear and thermodynamic conditions in determining the structure and evolution of mesoscale convective systems during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3493-3518, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3493:TROESA>2.0.CO;2.
29. Majda, A. J., 2003: Introduction to PDEs and Waves for the Atmosphere and Ocean. Courant Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 9, American Mathematical Society, 234 pp.
30. Majda, A. J., 2007: New multiscale models and self-similarity in tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1393-1404, doi:10.1175/JAS3880.1.
31. Majda, A. J., and S. N. Stechmann, 2008: Stochastic models for convective momentumtransport. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 17 614-17 619, doi:10.1073/pnas.0806838105.
32. Majda, A. J., S. N. Stechmann, and B. Khouider, 2007: Madden-Julian oscillation analog and intraseasonal variability in a multicloud model above the equator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 9919-9924, doi:10.1073/pnas.0703572104.
33. Majda, A. J., B. Khouider, and Y. Frenkel, 2015: Effects of rotation and mid-troposphere moisture on organized convection and convectively coupled gravity waves. Climate Dyn., 44, 937-960, doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2222-5.
34. Mapes, B. E., 2000: Convective inhibition, subgrid-scale triggering energy, and stratiform instability in a toy tropical wave model. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1515-1535, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1515:CISSTE>2.0.CO;2.
35. Mapes, B. E., S. Tulich, J. Lin, and P. Zuidema, 2006: The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves? Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 42, 3-29, doi:10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2006.03.003.
36. Moncrieff, M. W., 1981: A theory of organized steady convection and its transport properties. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 29-50, doi:10.1002/qj.49710745103.
37. Moncrieff, M. W., 1992: Organized convective systems: Archetypical dynamical models, mass and momentum flux theory, and parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 819-850, doi:10.1002/qj.49711850703.
38. Moncrieff, M. W., 2010: The multiscale organization of moist convection and the intersection of weather and climate. Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary? Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 189, Amer. Geophys. Union, 3-26, doi:10.1029/2008GM000838.
39. Moncrieff, M. W., M. Shapiro, J. Slingo, and F. Molteni, 2007: Collaborative research at the intersection of weather and climate. WMO Bull., 56, 206-211.
40. Moncrieff, M. W., D. E. Waliser, M. J. Miller, M. A. Shapiro, G. R. Asrar, and J. Caughey, 2012: Multiscale convective organization and the YOTC virtual global field campaign. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1171-1187, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00233.1.
41. Parker, M. D., and R. H. Johnson, 2004: Structures and dynamics of quasi-2Dmesoscale convective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 545-567, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0545:SADOQM>2.0.CO;2.
42. Rotunno, R., J. B. Klemp, and M. L. Weisman, 1988: A theory for strong long-lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 463-485, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<0463:ATFSLL>2.0.CO;2.
43. Sobel, A. H., J. Nilsson, and L. M. Polvani, 2001: The weak temperature gradient approximation and balanced tropical moisture waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3650-3665, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3650:TWTGAA>2.0.CO;2.
44. Song, X., X. Wu, G. J. Zhang, and R. W. Arritt, 2008a: Dynamical effects of convective momentum transports on global climate simulations. J. Climate, 21, 180-194, doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1848.1.
45. Song, X., X. Wu, G. J. Zhang, and R. W. Arritt, 2008b: Understanding the effects of convective momentum transport on climate simulations: The role of convective heating. J. Climate, 21, 5034-5047, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2187.1.
46. Stechmann, S. N., and A. J. Majda, 2009: Gravity waves in shear and implications for organized convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2579-2599, doi:10.1175/2009JAS2976.1.
47. Straub, K. H., and G. N. Kiladis, 2002: Observations of a convectively coupled Kelvin wave in the eastern Pacific ITCZ. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 30-53, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0030: OOACCK>2.0.CO;2.
48. Takayabu, Y. N., 1994: Large-scale cloud disturbances associated with equatorial waves. Part I: Spectral features of the cloud disturbances. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 433-448.
49. Thorpe, A. J., M. J. Miller, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1982: Two dimensional convection in non-constant shear: A model of mid-latitude squall lines. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 739-762, doi:10.1002/qj.49710845802.
50. Tung, W. W., and M. Yanai, 2002a: Convective momentum transport observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part I: General features. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1857-1871, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1857:CMTODT>2.0.CO;2.
51. Tung, W. W., and M. Yanai, 2002b: Convective momentum transport observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part II: Case studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2535-2549, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2535: CMTODT>2.0.CO;2.
52. Waliser, D. E., and Coauthors, 2012: The "Year" of Tropical Convection (May 2008-April 2010): Climate variability and weather highlights. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1189-1218, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3095.1.
53. Wheeler, M., and G. N. Kiladis, 1999: Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374-399, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0374:CCEWAO>2.0.CO;2.
54. Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1996: Collective effects of organized convection and their approximation in general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1477-1495, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1477:CEOOCA>2.0.CO;2.
55. Wu, X., L. Deng, X. Song, and G. J. Zhang, 2007: Coupling of convective momentum transport with convective heating in global climate simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1334-1349, doi:10.1175/JAS3894.1.
56. Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J.-H. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611-627, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<0611:DOBPOT>2.0.CO;2.