A simple multicloud parameterization for convectively coupled tropical waves. Part II: Nonlinear simulations

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 381-400

  Khouider, Boualem ^a   Majda, Andrew J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^b NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOISTURE; TROPOSPHERE;

MULTICLOUD MODEL; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL WAVES;

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS;

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOISTURE; TROPOSPHERE;

BAROCLINIC MODE; BOUNDARY LAYER; CONVECTIVE CLOUD; KELVIN WAVE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; PARAMETERIZATION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; STRATIFORM CLOUD; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; TROPICAL REGION; TROPOSPHERE; WALKER CIRCULATION; WARM POOL;

EID: 33847635570     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS3833.1     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Bretherton, C. B., and A. H. Sobel, 2002: A simple model of a convectively coupled Walker circulation using the weak temperature gradient approximation. J. Climate, 15, 2907-2920.
2. Bretherton, C. B., M. E. Peters, and L. E. Back, 2004: Relationship between water vapor path and precipitation over the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 17, 1517-1528.
3. Charney, J. G., and A. Eliassen, 1964: On the growth of the hurricane depression. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 68-75.
4. Craig, G. C., and S. L. Gray, 1996: CISK or WISHE as the mechanism for tropical cyclone intensification. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3528-3540.
5. Dunkerton, T. J., and F. X. Crum, 1995: Eastward propagating 2- to 15-day equatorial convection and its relation to the tropical intraseasonal oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25 781-25 790.
6. Emanuel, K. A., 1987: An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillations in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2324-3240.
7. Emanuel, K. A., J. D. Neelin, and C. S. Bretherton, 1994: On large-scale circulations in convecting atmosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1111-1143.
8. Fuchs, Z., and D. Raymond, 2002: Large-scale modes of a non-rotating atmosphere with water vapor and cloud-radiation feedbacks. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1669-1679.
9. Gill, A. E., 1982: Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, 666 pp.
10. Grabowski, W. W., 2001: Coupling cloud processes with large-scale dynamics using the Cloud-Resolving Convection Parameterization (CRCP). J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 978-997.
11. Grabowski, W. W., 2003: MJO-like coherent structures: Sensitivity simulations using the Cloud-Resolving Convection Parameterization (CRCP). J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 847-864.
12. Grabowski, W. W., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2001: Large-scale organization of tropical convection in two dimensional explicit numerical simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 445-468.
13. Grabowski, W. W., J.-I. Yano, and M. W. Moncrieff, 2000: Cloud-resolving modeling of tropical circulations driven by large-scale SST gradients. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2022-2039.
14. Haertel, P. T., and G. N. Kiladis, 2004: On the dynamics of two-day equatorial disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2707-2721.
15. Johnson, R. H., T. M. Rickenbach, S. A. Rutledge, P. E. Ciesielski, and W. H. Schubert, 1999: Trimodal characteristics of tropical convection. J. Climate, 12, 2397-2407.
16. Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2005a: A non-oscillatory well balanced scheme for an idealized tropical climate model. Part I: Algorithm and validation. Theor. Comp. Fluid. Dyn., 19, 331-354.
17. Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2005b: A non-oscillatory well balanced scheme for an idealized tropical climate model. Part II: Nonlinear coupling and moisture effects. Theor. Comp. Fluid Dyn., 19, 355-375.
18. Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2006a: A simple multicloud parameterization for convectively coupled tropical waves. Part I: Linear analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1318-1323.
19. Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2006b: Model multicloud parameterizations for convectively coupled waves: Detailed nonlinear wave evolution. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 42, 59-80.
20. Kiladis, G. N., K. H. Straub, and P. Haertel, 2005: Zonal and vertical structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2790-2809.
21. Lin, J.-L., and B. Mapes, 2004: Wind shear effects on cloud-radiation feedback in the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16118, doi:10.1029/2004GL020199.
22. Lin. X., and R. H. Johnson, 1996: Kinematic and thermodynamic characteristics of the flow over the Western Pacific Warm Pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 695-715.
23. Lindzen, R. S., 1974: Wave-CISK in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 156-179.
24. Majda, A. J., and M. Shefter, 2001: Models for stratiform instability and convectively coupled waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1567-1584.
25. Majda, A. J., and B. Khouider, 2002: Stochastic and mesoscopic models for tropical convection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 1123-1128.
26. Majda, A. J., B. Khouider, G. N. Kiladis, K. H. Straub, and M. G. Shefter, 2004: A model for convectively coupled tropical waves: Nonlinearity, rotation, and comparison with observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2188-2205.
27. Mapes, B. E., 2000: Convective inhibition, subgrid-scale triggering energy, and "stratiform instability" in a toy tropical wave model. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1515-1535.
28. Moncrieff, M. W., and E. Klinker, 1997: Organized convective systems in the tropical western Pacific as a process in general circulation models: A TOGA-COARE case study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 805-827.
29. Nakazawa, T., 1988: Tropical super clusters within intraseasonal variations over the western Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 823-839.
30. Neelin, J. D., and J. Yu, 1994: Modes of tropical variability under convective adjustment and Madden-Julian oscillation. Part I: Analytical theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1876-1894.
31. Neelin, J. D., and N. Zeng, 2000: A quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model - Formulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1741-1766.
32. Peters, M. E., and C. S. Bretherton, 2006: Structure of tropical variability from a vertical mode perspective. Theor. Comp. Fluid Dyn., 20, 501-524.
33. Slingo, J. M., and Coauthors, 1996: Intraseasonal oscillation in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: Results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject. Climate Dyn., 12, 325-357.
34. Sperber, K. R., J. M. Slingo, P. K. Inness, and W. K.-M. Lau, 1997: On the maintenance and initiation of the intraseasonal oscillation in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and in the GLA and UKMO AMIP simulations. Climate Dyn., 13, 769-795.
35. Straub, K. H., and G. N. Kiladis, 2002: Observations of a convectively-coupled Kelvin wave in the eastern Pacific ITCZ. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 30-53.
36. Tompkins, A. M., 2001a: Organization of tropical convection in low vertical wind shears: The role of water vapor. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 349-364.
37. Tompkins, A. M., 2001b: On the relationship between tropical convection and sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 14, 633-637.
38. Tulich, S. N., D. A. Randall, and B. E. Mapes, 2007: Vertical-mode and cloud decomposition of large-scale convectively coupled gravity waves in a two dimensional cloud-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci., in press.
39. Wheeler, M., and G. N. Kiladis, 1999: Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wave-number-frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374-399.
40. Wheeler, M., G. N. Kiladis, and P. J. Webster, 2000: Large-scale dynamical fields associated with convectively coupled equatorial waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 613-640.
41. Yano, J.-I., and K. A. Emanuel, 1991: An improved model of the equatorial troposphere and its coupling to the stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 377-389.
42. Yano, J.-I., J. C. McWilliams, M. W. Moncrieff, and K. A. Emanuel, 1995: Hierarchical tropical cloud systems in an analog shallow-water model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1723-1742.
43. Zehnder, J. A., 2001: A comparison of convergence- and surface-flux-based convective parameterization with applications to tropical cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 283-301.
44. Zhang, C., 2005: Madden-Julian Oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 43, RG2003, doi:10.1029/2004RG000158.