Effect of dietary probiotic and high stocking density on the performance, carcass yield, gut microflora, and stress indicators of broilers

Poultry Science

Volumn 94, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 2395-2403

  Cengiz, Özcan ^a   Köksal, Bekir H ^a   Tatll, Onur ^a   Sevim, Ömer ^a   Ahsan, Umair ^a   Üner, Aykut G ^a   Ulutaş, Plnar A ^a   Beyaz, Devrim ^a   Büyükyörük, Sadlk ^a   Yakan, Akln ^b   Önol, Ahmet G ^a  

^a ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Broilers; Gut microflora; High stocking density; Performance; Probiotics

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; PROBIOTIC AGENT;

ANALYSIS; ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CHEMISTRY; CHICKEN; CROWDING (AREA); DIET; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; MALE; MEAT; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; RANDOMIZATION; VETERINARY;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; ANIMALS; BIOMARKERS; CHICKENS; CROWDING; DIET; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; MALE; MEAT; PROBIOTICS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84943410069     PISSN: 00325791     EISSN: 15253171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev194     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Abudabos, A. M., E. M. Samara, E. O. S. Hussein, M. Q. Al-Ghadi, and R. M. Al-Atiyat. 2013. Impacts of stocking density on the performance and welfare of broiler chickens. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 12:66-71.
2. Angel, R., R. A. Dalloul, and J. Doerr. 2005. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a direct-fed microbial. Poult. Sci. 84:1222-1231.
3. Arda, M., A. Minbay, N. Lelo?glu, N. Aydin, M. Kahraman, Akay ö., A. Ilgaz, M. Izgur, and K. S. Diker. 1997. Ozel Mikrobiyoloji, Medisan Yay?nlar?, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
4. Ashraf, S., H. Zaneb, M. S. Yousaf, A. Ijaz, M. U. Sohail, S. Muti, M. M. Usman, S. Ijaz, and H. Rehman. 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics on intestinal microarchitecture in broilers reared under cyclic heat stress. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 97:68-73.
5. Banhazi, T. M., J. Seedorf, M. Laffrique, and D. L. Rutley. 2008. Identification of the risk factors for high airborne particle concentrations in broiler buildings using statistical modelling. Biosyst. Eng. 101:100-110.
6. Bedford, M. R., and J. Apajalathi. 2001. Microbial interactions in the response to exogenous enzyme utilization. Pages 299-314 in Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition. M. R. Bedford, and G. G. Partridge, ed. CABI Publishing, London, UK.
7. Biswas, T., L. Mandal, and S. K. Sarker. 1999. Studies of enzymes supplementation and herbal preparation at different levels of energy on the performance of broilers. J. Interacademic. 3:53-58.
8. Buijs, S., L. Keeling, S. Rettenbacher, and E. Van Poucke, andTuyttens, F. A. M. 2009. Stocking density effects on broiler welfare: Identifying sensitive ranges for different indicators. Poult. Sci. 88:1536-1543.
9. Campbell, T. W. 1988. Avian Hematology and Cytology. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, IA.
10. Dawkins, M. S., C. A. Donnelly, and T. A. Jones. 2004. Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density. Nature 427:342-344.
11. Dozier, W. A., J. P. Thaxton, J. L. Purswell, H. A. Olanrewaju, S. L. Branton, and W. B. Roush. 2006. Stocking density effects on male broilers grown to 1.8 kilograms of body weight. Poult. Sci. 85:344-351.
12. Dozier, W. A., J. P. Thaxton, S. L. Branton, G. W. Morgan, D. M. Miles, W. B. Roush, B. D. Lott, and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton. 2005. Stocking density effects on growth performance and processing yields of heavy broilers. Poult. Sci. 84:1332-1338.
13. Estevez, I. 2007. Density allowances for broilers: Where to set the limits? Poult. Sci. 86:1265-1272.
14. Feddes, J. J. R., E. J. Emmanuel, and M. J. Zuidhof. 2002. Broiler performance, bodyweight variance, feed and water intake, and carcass quality at different stocking densities. Poult. Sci. 81:774-779.
15. Fries, R., M. Akcan, N. Bandick, and A. Kobe. 2005. Microflora of two different types of poultry litter. Br. Poult. Sci. 46:668-672.
16. Fuller, R. 1989. Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 66:365-378.
17. Guardia, S., B. Konsak, S. Combes, F. Levenez, L. Cauquil, J. F. Guillot, C. Moreau-Vauzelle, M. Lessire, H. Juin, and I. Gabriel. 2011. Effects of stocking density on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 90: 1878-1889.
18. Horn, K. G., C. A. Gedris, and K. M. Rodney. 1996. Selective isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:924-927.
19. Houshmand, M., K. Azhar, I. Zulkifli, M. H. Bejo, and A. Kamyab. 2012. Effects of prebiotic, protein level, and stocking density on performance, immunity, and stress indicators of broilers. Poult. Sci. 91:393-401.
20. Huang, M. K., Y. J. Choi, R. Houde, J. W. Lee, and X. Zhao. 2004. Effects of Lactobacilli and an Acidophilus fungus on the production performance and immune responses in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 83:788-795.
21. Jayalakshmi, T., R. Kumararaj, T. Sivakumar, T. T. Vanan, and D. Thiagarajan. 2009. Influence of stocking densities on litter moisture, microbial load, air ammonia concentration and broiler performance. Tamilnadu J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 5:80-86.
22. Jin, L. Z., Y. W. Ho, N. Abdullah, and S. Jalaludin. 1998. Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations and serum cholesterol of broilers fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures. Poult. Sci. 77:1259-1265.
23. Jorge, M. A., N. C. Baiao, R. L. D. Oliveira, and J. S. D. Resende. 1988. Stocking density effect on Escherichia-coli populations in the litter and internal organs of broilers. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 40:53-64.
24. Jozefiak, D., A. Rutkowski, M. Fratczak, and D. Boros. 2004. The effect of dietary fibre fractions from different cereals and microbial enzymes supplementation on performance, ileal viscosity and short-chain fatty acids concentration in caeca of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 13:487-496.
25. Karaoglu, M., and H. Durdag. 2005. The influence of dietary probiotic (Saccharomyes cerevisiae) supplementation and different slaughter age on the performance, slaughter and carcass properties of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4:309-316.
26. Lazaro, R., M. Garcia, P. Medel, and G. G. Mateos. 2003. Influence of enzymes on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed rye-based diets. Poult. Sci. 82:132-140.
27. Li, L. L., Z. P. Hou, T. J. Li, G. Y. Wu, R. L. Huang, Z. R. Tang, C. B. Yang, J. Gong, H. Yu, and X. F. Kong. 2008. Effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and growth performance in 1 to 42-day-old broilers. J. Sci. Food Agric. 88:35-42.
28. Malone, G. W., G.W. Chaloupka, andW.W. Saylor. 1983. Influence of litter type and size on broiler performance. 1. Factors affecting litter consumption. Poult. Sci. 62:1741-1746.
29. McDonald, L. C., C. R. Hackney, and B. Ray. 1983. Enhanced recovery of injured Escherichia coli by compounds that degrade hydrogen peroxide or block its formation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:360-365.
30. Mountzouris, K. C., C. Balaskas, I. Xanthakos, A. Tzivinikou, and K. Fegeros. 2009. Effects of a multi-species probiotic on biomarkers of competitive exclusion efficacy in broilers challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Br. Poult. Sci. 50:467-478.
31. Mountzouris, K. C., P. Tsitrsikos, I. Palamidi, A. Arvaniti, M. Mohnl, G. Schatzmayr, and K. Fegeros. 2010. Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth, performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins and cecal microflora composition. Poult. Sci. 89:58-67.
32. Mutus, R., N. Kocaba?gl?, M. Alp, N. Acar, M. Eren, and S. S. Gezen. 2006. The effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on tibial bone characteristics and strength in broilers. Poult. Sci. 85:1621-1625.
33. Novak, R., B. Bogovi?c Matija?sic, D. Ter?ci?c, M. Cervek, G. Gorjanc, A. Holcman, A. Levart, and I. Rogelj. 2011. Effects of two probiotic additives containing Bacillus spores on carcass characteristics, blood lipids and cecal volatile fatty acids in meat type chickens. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 95:424-433.
34. NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
35. Pelicano, E. R. L., P. A. Souza, H. B. A. Souza, A. Oba, M. M. Boiago, N. M. B. L. Zeola, A. M. Scatolini, V. A. Bertanha, and T. M. A. Lima. 2005. Carcass and cut yields and meat qualitative traits of broilers fed diets containing probiotics and prebiotics. Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 7:169-175.
36. Pelicano, E. R. L., P. A. Souza, H. B. A. Souza, A. Oba, E. A. Norkus, L. M. Kodawara, and T. M. A. Lima. 2003. Effect of different probiotics on broiler carcass and meat quality. Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 5:207-214.
37. Priyankarage, N., S. S. P. Silva, S. P. Gunaratne, H. Kothalawala, M. W. C. D. Palliyaguru, and G. A. Gunawardana. 2003. Effficacy of probiotics and their effects on performance, carcase characteristics, intestinal microflora and Salmonella incidence in broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 44:S26-S27.
38. Puron, D., R. Santamaria, J. C. Segaura, and J. L. Alamilla. 1995. Broiler performance at different stocking densities. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 4:55-60.
39. Puvadolpirod, S., and J. P. Thaxton. 2000a. Model of physiological stress in chickens. 1. Response parameters. Poult. Sci. 79: 363-369.
40. Puvadolpirod, S., and J. P. Thaxton. 2000b. Model of physiological stress in chickens. 4. Digestion and metabolism. Poult. Sci. 79:383-390.
41. Rahimi, S. H., and A. Khaksefidi. 2006. A comparison between the effects of a probiotic (Bioplus 2B) and an antibiotic (virginiamycin) on the performance of broiler chicken under heat stress. Iran. J. Vet. Res. 7:48-56.
42. Rahman, A. U., S. Khan, D. Khan, M. Hussain, S. Ahmed, S. M. Sohail, I. Ahmed, I. U. Haq, and Z. Shah. 2009. Use of probiotics in broiler feed at starter phase. Sarhad J. Agric. 25: 469-473.
43. SAS Institute. 2002. SAS/STAT User's Guide: Release 9.03 ed. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
44. Sauter, E. A., C. F. Petersen, E. E. Steele, J. F. Parkinson, J. E. Dixon, and R. C. Stroh. 1981. The airborne microflora of poultry houses. Poult. Sci. 60:569-574.
45. Silva, V. K., J. D. Torre da Silva, R. A. Gravena, R. H. Marques, F. H. Hada, and V. M. Barbosa de Moraes. 2010. Yeast extract and prebiotic in pre-initial phase diet for broiler chickens raised under different temperatures. R. Bras. Zootec. 39:165-174.
46. Sohail, M. U., A. Ijaz, M. S. Yousaf, K. Ashraf, H. Zaneb, M. Aleem, and H. Rehman. 2010. Alleviation of cyclic heat stress in broilers by dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide and Lactobacillus-based probiotic: Dynamics of cortisol, thyroid hormones, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and humoral immunity. Poult. Sci. 89:1934-1938.
47. Sohail, M. U., M. E. Hume, J. A. Byrd, D. J. Nisbet, A. Ijaz, A. Sohail, M. Z. Shabbir, and H. Rehman. 2012. Effect of supplementation of prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides and prebiotic mixture on growth performance of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. Poult. Sci. 91:2235-2240.
48. Sohail, M. U., Z. U. Rahman, A. Ijaz, M. S. Yousaf, K. Ashraf, T. Yaqub, H. Zaneb, H. Anwar, and H. Rehman. 2011. Single or combined effects of mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic supplements on the total oxidants, total antioxidants, enzymatic antioxidants, liver enzymes, and serum trace minerals in cyclic heatstressed broilers. Poult. Sci. 90:2573-2577.
49. Tannock, G.W. 1997. Modification of the normal microbiota by diet, stress, antimicrobial agents and probiotics. Pages 434-465 in Gastrointestinal Microbiology, vol. 2. Gastrointestinal Microbes and Host Interactions. R. I. Mackie, B. A. White, and R. E. Isaacson, ed. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY.
50. Teo, A. Y., and H. M. Tan. 2007. Evaluation of the performance and intestinal gut microflora of broilers fed on corn-soy diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT). J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16:296-303.
51. Thaxton, J. P., W. A. Dozier, S. L. Branton, G. W. Morgan, D. W. Miles, W. B. Roush, B. D. Lott, and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton. 2006. Stocking density and physiological adaptive responses of broilers. Poult. Sci. 85:819-824.
52. Tong, H. B., J. Lu, J. M. Zou, Q. Wang, and S. R. Shi. 2012. Effects of stocking density on growth performance, carcass yield, and immune status of a local chicken breed. Poult. Sci. 91:667-673.
53. Torok, V. A., R. J. Hughes, K. Ophel-Keller, M. Ali, and R. MacAlpine. 2009. Influence of different litter materials on cecal microbiota colonization in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 88:2474-2481.
54. Vargas-Rodr?guez, L. M., L. A. Duran-Meléndez, J. A. Garc?a-Mas?as, J. L. Arcos-Garc?a, B. M. Joaqu?n-Torres, and M. G. Ruelas-Inzunza. 2013. Effect of probiotic and population density on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 12:390-395.
55. Yoshioka, T., K. Kawada, T. Shimada, and M. Mori. 1979. Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism against active oxygen toxicity in the blood. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 135:372-376.
56. Yu, B., J. R. Liu, F. S. Hsiao, and P. W. S. Chiou. 2008. Evaluation of Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4 strain expressing heterologous ?-glucanase as a prebiotic in poultry diets based on barley. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 141:82-91.
57. Zulkifli, I., N. Abdullah, N. M. Azrin, and Y. W. Ho. 2000. Growth performance and immune response of two commercial broiler strains fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures and oxytetracycline under heat stress conditions. Br. Poult. Sci. 41:593-597.