Landforms of the world with google earth: Understanding our environment

Landforms of the World with Google Earth: Understanding our Environment

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 1-391

  Scheffers, Anja M ^a   May, Simon M ^b   Kelletat, Dieter H ^b  

^a SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84943249862     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9713-9     Document Type: Book

References (192)

1. Grotzinger J, Jordan TH, Press F, Siever R (2006) Understanding earth, 5th edn. Macmillan, Palgrave
2. Bardintzeff JM, McBirney AR (2000) Volcanology. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury
3. Bryan TS (1995) The geysers of Yellowstone, 3rd edn. University Press of Colorado, Boulder
4. Chesner CA, Westgate JA, Rose WI, Drake R, Deino A (1991) Eruptive history of earth’s largest quaternary caldera (Toba, Indonesia) clarified. Geology 19:200-203
5. Day SJ, Heleno da Silva SIN, Fonseca JFB (1999) A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde islands. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 99:191-218
6. Decker R, Decker B (1997) Volcanoes. WH Freeman & Co, New York
7. Diefenbach AK, Guffanti M, Ewert JW (2009) Chronology and references of volcanic eruptions and selected unrest in the United States, 1980-2008. US Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2009-1118. Reston, Virginia (USA)
8. Fisher RV, Heiken G, Morris AK (eds) (1998) Volcanoes. Crucibles of change. Princeton University Press, Princeton
9. Gates AE, Ritchie D (2007) Encyclopedia of earthquakes and volcanoes. Checkmark Books, New York
10. Krafft M (1993) Volcanoes. Fire from earth. Harry N Abrams, New York
11. Marti J, Ernst G (2005) Volcanoes and the environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
12. Oppenheimer C (2003) Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815. Prog Phys Geography 27:230-259
13. Paris R, Giachetti T, Chevalier J, Guillou H, Frank N (2011) Tsunami deposits in Santiago island (Cape Verde archipelago) as possible evidence of a massive flank failure of Fogos volcano. Sediment Geol 239:129-145
14. Sigurdsson H (1999) Melting the earth: the history of ideas on volcanic eruptions. Oxford University Press, Oxford Sigurdsson H, Houghton B (eds) (1999) Encyclopedia of volcanoes. Elsevier, Amsterdam
15. Storeya M, Roberts RG, Saidinc M (2012) Astronomically calibrated 40Ar/39Ar age for the Toba supereruption and global synchronization of late Quaternary records. Proc Natl Acad Sci. doi:10.1073/pnas.1208178109
16. Grotzinger J, Jordan TH, Press F, Siever R (2006) Understanding earth, 5th edn. Palgrave Macmillan, London
17. Miller JS (2008) Assembling a pluton…one increment at a time. Geology 36(6):511–512
18. Press F, Siever R (1994) Understanding earth. WH. Freeman & Co., New York
19. Allmendinger RW, González G (2010) Neogene to quaternary tectonics of the coastal cordillera, northern Chile. Tectonophysics 495:93–110
20. Collier M (1999) A land in motion: California’s San Andreas fault. University of California Press, Berkeley
21. Fossen H (2010) Structural geology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
22. Heidbach O, Tingay M, Barth A, Reinecker J, Kurfeß, D, Müller B (2008) The World Stress Map database release 2008. doi: 10.1594/GFZ.WSM.Rel2008
23. Kirby E, Harkins N, Wang E, Shi X, Fan C, Burbank D (2007) Slip rate gradients along the eastern Kunlun fault. Tectonics 26, TC2010. doi: 10.1029/2006TC002033
24. McKnight TM, Hess D (2000) The internal processes: types of faults. Physical geography: a landscape appreciation. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, pp 416–417
25. Pavitt N (2001) Africa’s great rift valley. Harry N. Abrams, New York
26. Alvarez LW, Alvarez W, Asaro F, Michel HV (1980) Extraterrestrial cause for the cretaceous-tertiary extinction. Science 208:1095
27. Bobrowsky PT, Rickman H (eds) (2007) Comet/asteroid impacts and human society: an interdisciplinary approach. Springer, New York
28. Earth Impact Database (2010) Planetary and space science center. University of New Brunswick, Canada. http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/
29. Hamacher DW (2011) Meteoritics and cosmology among the Aboriginal cultures of central Australia. J Cosmol 13:3743–3753
30. Hamacher DW (2012) On the astronomical knowledge and traditions of aboriginal Australians. Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Department of Indigenous Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney
31. Koeberl C (2002) Mineralogical and geochemical aspects of impact craters. Mineral Mag 66(5):745–768
32. Lissauer JJ (1999) How common are habitable planets? Nature 402:C11–C14
33. Melosh HJ (1989) Impact cratering – a geologic process. Oxford University Press, New York
34. Piccardi L, Masse WB (2007) Myth and geology, Special Publications, 273. Geological Society, London. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.273.01.26
35. Renne PR, Deino AL, Hilgen FJ et al (2013) Time scales of critical events around the cretaceous-paleogene boundary. Science 339:684
36. Atkinson D (2004) Weathering, slopes and landforms. Hodder Arnold, London
37. Bahat D, Grossenbacher K, Karasaki K (1999) Mechanism of exfoliation joint formation in granitic rocks, Yosemite National Park. J Struct Geol 21:85–96
38. Bland W, Rolls D (1998) Weathering: an introduction to scientifi c principles. Hodder Arnold, London
39. Curran BA, Grafton A, Long PO, Weiss B (2009) Obelisk: a history. MIT Press, Cambridge
40. Doehne E (2002) Salt weathering: a selective review. Geol Soc Am Bull 74:519–527
41. Goudie AS, Viles H (2008) Weathering processes and forms. In: Burt TP, Chorley RJ, Brunsden D, Cox NJ, Goudie AS (eds) The history of the study of landforms or the development of geomorphology, vol 4. Geological Society, London, pp 129–164
42. Hall K (1999) The role of thermal stress fatigue in the breakdown of rock in cold regions. Geomorphology 31:47–63
43. Hall K (2004) Evidence for freeze-thaw events and their implication for rock weathering in northern Canada. Earth Surf Process Landf 29:43–57
44. Hall K, André MF (2001) New insights into rock weathering as deduced from high-frequency rock temperature data: an Antarctic study. Geomorphology 41:23–35
45. Harrell JA, Storemyr P (2009) Ancient Egyptian quarries – an illustrated overview. In: Abu-Jaber N, Bloxam EG, Degryse P, Heldal T (eds) QuarryScapes: ancient stone quarry landscapes in the eastern Mediterranean, Special Publication 12. Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim, pp 7–50
46. Mandl G (2005) Rock joints. The mechanical genesis. Springer, Berlin
47. Nash DJ (2001) Arid geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 25:409–427
48. Rodriguez-Navarro C, Doehne E (1999) Salt weathering: infl uence of evaporation rate, supersaturation and crystallisation pattern. Earth Surf Process Landf 24:191–209
49. Romani JR, Twidale CR (1999) Sheet fractures, other stress forms and some engineering implications. Geomorphology 31:13–27
50. Storemyr P (2010) Cleopatra’s needle: tracing obelisk weathering with old photos. http://per-storemyr.net. Accessed 25 Mar 2013
51. Ford DC, Williams PW (2007) Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology. Wiley, Chichester
52. Frumkin A (ed) (2013) Karst geomorphology. In: Shroder J, Frumkin A (eds) Treatise on geomorphology, vol 6. Academic Press, San Diego
53. Grimes KG (2012) Surface karst features of the Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Helictite 41:15–36
54. Márton V, Lóczy D, Zentai Z, Tóth G, Schläffer R (2008) The origin of the Bemaraha tsingy (Madagascar). Int J Speleol 37:131–142
55. McDermott F (2004) Palaeo-climate reconstruction from stable isotope variations in speleothems: a review. Quat Sci Rev 23:901–918
56. Abbott PL (2004) Natural disasters. McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York
57. Antoniadis J, Freire PCC, Wex N et al (2013) A massive pulsar in a compact relativistic binary. Science 340(6131):123-3232. doi: 10.1126/science.1233232
58. Augenstein C (2007) Spuren des Flimser Bergsturzes im Dachlisee (Obersaxen). Jahresberichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubünden 114:43–57
59. Eberhardt E, Stead D, Coggan JS (2004) Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes – the 1991 Randa rockslides. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41:69–87
60. Erismann TH, Abele G (2001) Dynamic of rockslides and rockfalls. Springer, Dordrecht
61. Evans SG, DeGraff JV (2002) Catastrophic landslides: effects, occurrence, and mechanisms. Geological Society of America, Boulder
62. Glade T, Anderson MG, Crozier MJ (2006) Landslide hazards and risk. Wiley, Southern Gate
63. Goudie AS (ed) (2006) Encyclopedia of geomorphology. Taylor and Francis, London
64. Humlum O (2000) The geomorphic signifi cance of rock glaciers: estimates of rock glacier debris volumes and headwall recession rates in W Greenland. Geomorphology 35:41–67
65. Ivy-Ochs S, Heuberger H, Kubik PW, Kerschner H, Bonani G, Schluchterer C (1998) The age of the Köfels event. Relative, 14C and cosmogenic isotope dating of an early Holocene landslide in the central Alps (Tyrol, Austria). Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 34:57–70
66. Kusky TM (2003) Geologic hazards. A sourcebook, Oryx sourcebooks on hazards & disasters. ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara
67. Margottino C, Canuti P, Sassa K (eds) (2013) Landslide science and practice, vol 4, Global environmental change. Springer, Dordrecht NASA Earth Observatory. URL: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GRACE/page3.php. Accessed 8 Nov 2013
68. Petley DN, Bulmer MH, Murphy W (2002) Patterns of movements in rotational and translational landslides. Geology 30:719–722
69. Poschinger A, Wassmer P, Maisch M (2006) The Flims rockslide: history of interpretation and new insights. In: Evans SG (ed) Landslides from massive rock failure, NATO Science Series. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp 329–356
70. Prager C, Zangerl C, Patzelt G, Brandner R (2008) Age distribution of fossil landslides in the Tyrol (Austria) and its surrounding areas. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 8:377–407
71. Stoffel M, Marston RE (eds) (2013) Mountain and hillslope geomorphology. In: Shroder J (editor in chief) Treatise on geomorphology, vol 7. Academic, San Diego
72. Bhattacharya JP, Giosan L (2003) Wave-infl uenced deltas: geomorphologic implications for facies reconstruction. Sedimentology 50:187–210
73. Brierley GJ, Fryirs KA (2005) Geomorphology and river management. Blackwell, Oxford
74. Correggiari A, Cattaneo A, Trincardi F (2005) Depositional patterns in the late-Holocene Po delta system. In: Giosan L, Bhattacharya J (eds) River deltas: concepts, models, examples, SEPM Special Publication 83. Tulsa, USA, pp 365–392
75. Dollar EJ (2000) Fluvial geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 24:385–406
76. Dollar EJ (2002) Fluvial geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 26:123–143
77. Dollar EJ (2004) Fluvial geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 28:405–450
78. Giosan L, Bhattacharya J (eds) (2005) River deltas: concepts, models, examples. SEPM Special Publication 83. Tulsa, Oklahoma (USA), 502 p
79. Graf GL (1988) Fluvial processes in drylands. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg
80. Gregory KJ, Benito G (eds) (2003) Palaeohydrology: understanding global change. Wiley, Chichester
81. Gregory KJ, Macklin MG, Walling DE (2006) Past hydrological events related to understanding global change: an ICSU research project. Catena 66:2–13
82. Hardy RJ (2005) Fluvial geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 29:411–425
83. Jacobson R, O’Connor JE, Oguchi T (2003) Surfi cial geologic tools in fl uvial geomorphology. In: Kondolf GM, Piegay H (eds) Tools in fl uvial geomorphology. Wiley, Chichester, pp 25–57
84. Juracek KE (2014) Geomorphic changes caused by the 2011 fl ood at selected sites along the lower Missouri River and comparison to historical fl oods. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1798-H. Reston, Virginia (USA), 15 p
85. Knighton D (1998) Fluvial forms and processes – a new perspective. Wiley, New York
86. Kondolf GM, Piégay H (eds) (2003) Tools in fl uvial geomorphology. Wiley, Chichester
87. Macklin MG, Benito G, Gregory HJ et al (2006) Past hydrological events refl ected in the Holocene fl uvial history of Europe. Catena 66:145–154
88. Meade RH (1996) River-sediment inputs to major deltas. In: Milliman JD, Haq BU (eds) Sea level rise and coastal subsidence. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 63–85
89. Newson MD (2006) ‘Natural’ rivers, ‘hydrogeomorphological quality’ and river restoration: a challenging new agenda for applied fl uvial geomorphology. Earth Surf Process Landf 31:1606–1624
90. Newson MD, Pitlick J, Sear DA (2002) Running water: fl uvial geomorphology and restoration. In: Perrow MR, Davy AJ (eds) Handbook of ecological restoration, vol 1. University Press, Cambridge, pp 133–152
91. Nezu I, Nakagawa H (1993) Turbulence in open channel fl ows. Balkema, Rotterdam
92. Oti MN, Postma G (1995) Geology of deltas. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam
93. Piégay H, Grant G, Nakamura F, Trustrum N (2006) Braided river management: from assessment of river behaviour to improved sustainable development. In: Sambrook-Smith GH, Best JL, Bristow CS, Petts GE (eds) Braided rivers: process, deposits, ecology and management, International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 36. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Massachusetts (USA), pp 257–275
94. Roberts HH (1997) Dynamic changes of the Holocene Mississippi River delta plain: the delta cycle. Journal of Coastal Research 13:605–627
95. Roy A, Lane S (2003) Putting the morphology back into fl uvial geomorphology: the case of river meanders and tributary junctions. In: Trudgill S, Roy A (eds) Contemporary meanings in physical geography. From what to why? Arnold, London, pp 103–125
96. Thorndycraft VR, Benito G (2006) The Holocene fl uvial chronology of Spain: evidence from a newly compiled radiocarbon database. Quat Sci Rev 25:223–234
97. Thorndycraft VR, Benito G, Gregory KJ (2008) Fluvial geomorphology: a perspective on current status and methods. Geomorphology 98:2–12
98. Atkinson D (2004) Weathering, slopes and landforms. Hodder Arnold, London
99. Ehlers EG, Blatt H (1982) Petrology, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. W.H. Freeman & Co., New York
100. Goudie AS, Viles H (2008) Weathering processes and forms. In: Burt TP, Horley RJ, Runsden D, Cox NJ, Goudie AS (eds) Quaternary and recent processes and forms. Geological Society, London
101. Monroe JS, Wicander R (2000) Physical geology: exploring the Earth, 2nd edn. West Publishing, Minneapolis/St. Paul
102. Plummer CC, McGeary D, Carlson DH (2003) Physical geology, 9th edn. McGraw-Hill, Dubuque
103. Press F, Sievers R, Grotzinger J, Jordan T (2004) Understanding earth, 4th edn. W. Freeman & Co, New York
104. Al-Dousari AM, Al-Elaj M, Al-Enezi E, Al-Shareeda A (2009) Origin and characteristics of yardangs in the Um Al-Rimam depressions (N Kuwait). Geomorphology 104(3–4):93–104
105. Amato J (2000) Dust: a history of the small and the invisible. University of California Press, Berkeley
106. Andreotti B, Claudin P, Douady S (2002) Selection of dune shapes and velocities. Part 1: dynamics of sand, wind and barchans. Eur Phys J B 28(3):321–339
107. Arens SM, Jungerius PD, van der Meulen F (2001) Coastal Dunes. In: Warren A, French JR (eds) Habitat conservation: managing the physical environment. Wiley, Chichester, pp 229–272
108. Arnalds O, Gísladóttir FO, Sigurjonsson H (2001) Sandy deserts of Iceland: an overview. J Arid Environ 47(3):359–371
109. Arthur SJ (2005) Ventifacts from Alaska to Antarctica, long-term faceting forms these natural wonders. Rock Gem 35(12):80–83
110. Baas ACW (2008) Challenges in aeolian geomorphology: investigating aeolian streamers. Geomorphology 93(1–2):3–16
111. Bauer BO (2009) Contemporary research in aeolian geomorphology. Geomorphology 105(1–2):1–5
112. Besler H (2002) The Great Sand Sea (Egypt) during the late Pleistocene and the Holocene. In: Schmidt KH, Vetter T (eds) Late quaternary geomorphodynamics, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband 127. Borntraeger, Berlin, pp 1–19
113. Besler H (2008) The Great Sand Sea in Egypt: formation, dynamics and environmental change – a sediment-analytical approach, with contributions from A. Bolten and others. Developments in sedimentology 59. Elsevier, Amsterdam
114. Besler H, Boedeker O, Bubenzer O (2007) Dunes and megadunes in the southern Namib Erg and the southern Great Sand Sea; a transcontinental comparison. Africa Praehist 21:60–63
115. Bird ECF (1990) Classifi cation of European dune coasts. In: Bakker TWM, Jungerius PD, Klijn JA (eds) Dunes of the European coasts, Catena Supplement 18. Catena, Cremlingen-Destedt, pp 15–23
116. Breton C, Lancaster N, Nickling WG (2008) Magnitude and frequency of grain fl ows on a desert sand dune. Geomorphology 95(3–4): 518–523
117. Bristow CS, Duller GAT, Lancaster N (2007) Age and dynamics of linear dunes in the Namib Desert. Geology 35(6):555–558
118. Brookes LA (2001) Aeolian erosional lineations in the Libyan Desert, Dakhla Region, Egypt. Geomorphology 39(3–4):189–209
119. Clemmensen LB, Murray A, Heinemeier J, deJong R (2009) The evolution of Holocene coastal dunefi elds, Jutland, Denmark: a record of climate change over the past 5000 years. Geomorphology 105(3–4):303–313
120. Cooke RU, Warren A, Goudie AS (1992) Desert geomorphology. UCL Press, London
121. Doody JP (ed) (1991) Sand dune inventory of Europe. European Union for Coastal Conservation (EUCC)/Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough
122. Eitel B, Bluemel WD (1997) Pans and dunes in the southwestern Kalahari (Namibia): geomorphology and evidence for Quaternary paleoclimates. Z Geomorphol Suppl 111:73–95
123. El-Sayed MI (2000) The nature and possible origin of mega-dunes in Liwa, Ar Rub’ Al Khali, UAE. Sediment Geol 134(3–4):305–330
124. Fitzsimmons KE (2007) Morphological variability in the linear dunefi elds of the Strzelecki and Tirari Deserts, Australia. Geomorphology 91(1–2):146–160
125. Gillies JA, Nickling WG, Tilson M (2009) Ventifacts and wind-abraded rock features in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Geomorphology 107(3–4):149–160
126. Goudie AS (2007) Mega-yardangs: a global analysis. Geography Compass 1(1):65–81
127. Goudie AS (2008) The history and nature of wind erosion in deserts. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 36:97–119
128. Goudie AS (2009a) Aeolian processes and landforms. Chapter 14. In: Woodward J (ed) The physical geography of the mediterranean. Oxford University Press, Oxford
129. Goudie AS (2009b) Dust storms: recent developments. J Environ Manage 90(1):89–94
130. Herrmann J (2006) Aeolian transport and dune formation. Lecture Notes in Physics Series 705. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 363–386
131. Knight J, Burningham H (2001) Formation of bedrock-cut ventifacts and late Holocene coastal zone evolution, County Donegal, Ireland. J Geol 109(5):647–660
132. Kocurek G, Ewing RC (2005) Aeolian dune fi eld self-organization – implications for the formation of simple versus complex dune-fi eld patterns. Geomorphology 72:94–105
133. Lancaster N (2007) Dune fi elds, low latitudes. In: Elias SA (ed) Encyclopedia of quaternary science, vol 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 626–642
134. Nordstrom KF, Psuty NP, Carter RWG (eds) (1990) Coastal dunes: processes and geomorphology. Wiley, New York
135. Pye K, Tsoar H (2009) Aeolian sand and sand Dunes. Springer, Dordrecht
136. Reffet E, Courrech du Pont C, Hersen P, Douady S (2010) Formation and stability of transverse and longitudinal sand dunes. Geology 38(6):491–494
137. Seppälä M (2004) Wind as a geomorphic agent in cold climates. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
138. Tack F, Robin P (2002) Dunes. Vilo International, Paris
139. Twidale CR (2008) The study of desert dunes in Australia. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 301:215–239
140. Wolfe SA (2007) Dune fi elds, high latitudes. In: Elias SA (ed) Encyclopedia of quaternary science, vol 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 599–607
141. Wopfner H, Twidale CR (2001) Australian desert dunes: wind rift or depositional origin? Aust J Earth Sci 48:239–244
142. Anderson B (2003) The Response of Franz Josef Glacier to climate change. University of Canterbury, Christchurch
143. Anderson D (2004) Glacial and periglacial environments. Hodder Arnold, London
144. Andreassen LM, Elvehøy H, Kjøllmoen B, Engeset RV, Haakensen N (2005) Glacier mass balance and length variations in Norway. Ann Glaciol 42:317–325
145. Bamber JL, Layberry RL, Gogineni SP (2001) A new ice thickness and bed data set for the Greenland ice sheet, 1. Measurement, data reduction, and errors. J Geophys Res 106:33733–33780
146. Benn D, Evans D (1998) Glaciers and glaciation. Hodder Arnold, London
147. Benn DI, Warren CR, Mottram RH (2007) Calving processes and the dynamics of calving glaciers. Earth Sci Rev 82(3–4):143–179
148. Bennett MR, Glasser NF (1996) Glacial geology: ice sheets and landforms. Wiley, Oxford
149. Bingham RG (2010) Glacial geomorphology: towards a convergence of glaciology and geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 34(3):327–355
150. Brodzikowski K, van Loon AJ (1987) A systematic classifi cation of glacial and periglacial environments, facies and deposits. Earth Sci Rev 24(5):297–381
151. Chinn TJH (1988) Glaciers of New Zealand. In: Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1386. Reston, Virginia (USA)
152. Clark CD, Hughes ALC, Greenwood SL et al (2009) Size and shape characteristics of drumlins, derived from a large sample, and associated scaling laws. Quat Sci Rev 28:677
153. Deynoux M, Miller MGJ, Domack EW et al (eds) (2004) Earth’s glacial record. University Press, Cambridge
154. Haeberli W (2007) Changing views on changing glaciers. In: Orlove B, Wiegandt E, Luckman B (eds) The darkening peaks: glacial retreat in scientifi c and social context. UC Press, Berkeley, pp 23–32
155. Haeberli W, Holzhauser H (2003) Alpine glacier mass changes during the past two millennia. PAGES News 11(1):13–15
156. Hagen JO, Kohler J, Melvold K, Winther JG (2003) Glaciers in Svalbard: mass balance, runoff and fresh water fl ux. Polar Res 22(2):145–159
157. Johnson MD, Schomacker A, Benediktsson IO et al (2010) Active drumlin fi eld revealed at the margin of Mulajokull, Iceland: a surgetype glacier. Geology 38:943
158. Martini IP, Brookfi eld ME, Sadura S (2001) Principles of glacial geomorphology and geology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
159. Menzies J (ed) (1995) Modern glacial environments: processes, dynamics and sediments. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Oxford
160. Naruse R (2006) The response of glaciers in South America to environmental change. In: Knight PG (ed) Glacier science and environmental change. Blackwell, Oxford
161. NSIDC (2008) World glacier inventory. Data Set Documentation. World Glacier Monitoring Service and National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. Boulder. http://nsidc.org/data/docs/noaa/g01130_glacier_inventory/. Accessed 18 May 2014
162. Oerlemans J (2001) Glaciers and climate change. A.A. Balkema Publishers, Lisse/Abingdon/Exton/Tokyo
163. Paterson WSB (1994) The physics of glaciers, 3rd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford
164. Patterson CJ, Hooke RL (1995) Physical environment of drumlin formation. J Glaciol 41:30–38
165. Rignot E, Kanagaratnam P (2006) Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland ice sheet. Science 311(5763):986–990
166. Shaw J (2002) The meltwater hypothesis for subglacial bedforms. Quat Int 90:5–22
167. Shaw J, Kvill D (1984) A glaciofl uvial origin for drumlins of the Livingstone Lake area, Saskatchewan. Can J Earth Sci 21:1442
168. Solomina O, Haeberli W, Kull C, Wiles G (2008) Historical and Holocene glacier-climate variations: general concepts and overview. Global Planet Change 60(1–2):1–9
169. Spagnolo M, Clark CD, Hughes ALC, Dunlop P, Stokes CR (2010) The planar shape of drumlins. Sediment Geol 232:119–129
170. Sugden DE, John BS (1976) Glaciers and landscapes. A geomorphological approach. Wiley, Oxford Further Readings
171. Anderson D (2004) Glacial and periglacial environments. Hodder Arnold, London
172. Barsch D (1996) Rockglaciers. Indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments. Springer, Berlin
173. Boelhouwers H, Holness S, Sumner P (2003) The maritime subantarctic: a distinct periglacial environment. Geomorphology 52(1–2):39–55
174. Brodzikowski K, van Loon AJ (1987) A systematic classifi cation of glacial and periglacial environments, facies and deposits. Earth Sci Rev 24(5):297–381
175. Clark DH, Steig EJ et al (1998) Genetic variability of rock glaciers. Geogr Ann 80(3–4):175–182
176. Davis N (2001) Permafrost: a guide to frozen ground in transition. University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks
177. French HM, Guglielmin M (1999) Observations on the ice-marginal, periglacial geomorphology of Terra Nova Bay, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Permafr Periglac Process 10(4):331–347
178. Giardino JR, Shroder JF et al (1987) Rock glaciers. Allen & Unwin, London
179. Haeberli W (1992) Construction, environmental problems and natural hazards in periglacial mountain belts. Permafr Periglac Process 3:111–124
180. Humlum O (1996) Origin of rock glaciers: observations from Mellemfjord, Disko Island, Central West Greenland. Permafr Periglac Process 7:361–380
181. Humlum O (1999) The climatic signifi cance of rock glaciers. Permafr Periglac Process 9(4):375–395
182. Humlum O (2000) The geomorphic signifi cance of rock glaciers: estimates of rock glacier debris volumes and headwall recession rates in W Greenland. Geomorphology 35:41–67
183. Humlum O, Instanes A, Sollid JL (2003) Permafrost in Svalbard: a review of research history, climatic background and engineering challenges. Polar Res 22(2):191–215
184. Kessler MA, Werner BT (2003) Self-organization of sorted patterned ground. Science 299(5605):380
185. Konrad SK, Humphrey NF et al (1999) Rock glacier dynamics and paleoclimatic implications. Geology 27(9):1131–1134
186. Matsuoka N (2001) Solifl uction rates, processes and landforms: a global review. Earth Sci Rev 55(1–2):107–134
187. Matsuoka N, Ikeda A, Date T (2005) Morphometric analysis of solifl uction lobes and rock glaciers in the Swiss Alps. Permafr Periglac Process 16(1):99–113
188. Van Everdingen RT (ed) (2005) Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology, Boulder
189. Washburn LA (1980) Geocryology: a survey of periglacial processes and environments. Wiley, New York
190. Whalley WB, Azizi F (2003) Rock glaciers and protalus landforms: analogous forms and ice sources on earth and mars. J Geophys Res 108:1–17
191. Williams PJ, Smith MW (1989) The frozen earth. Cambridge University Press, New York
192. Szabó J, Dávid L, Lóczy D (eds) (2010) Anthropogenic geomorphology – a guide to man-made landforms. Springer, Dordrecht