What comes first, job burnout or secondary traumatic stress? Findings from two longitudinal studies from the U.S. and Poland

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2015, Pages

  Shoji, Kotaro ^a   Lesnierowska, Magdalena ^b   Smoktunowicz, Ewelina ^b   Bock, Judith ^a   Luszczynska, Aleksandra ^a,b   Benight, Charles C ^a   Cieslak, Roman ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b SWPS UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BURNOUT; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; POLAND; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; QUESTIONNAIRE; SECONDARY TRAUMATIC STRESS; SOCIAL WORKER; SOLDIER; SURVIVOR; UNITED STATES; COMPASSION FATIGUE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY;

ADULT; BURNOUT, PROFESSIONAL; COMPASSION FATIGUE; FEMALE; HEALTH PERSONNEL; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; POLAND; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84943179493     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136730     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Elwood LS, Mott J, Lohr JM, Galovski TE. Secondary trauma symptoms in clinicians: A critical review of the construct, specificity, and implications for trauma-focused treatment. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011; 31 (1):25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.004 PMID: 21130934
2. Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. London, England: Brunner-Routledge; 1995. 300 p.
3. Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001; 52:397-422. PMID: 11148311
4. Morse G, Salyers MP, Rollins AL, Monroe-DeVita M, Pfahler C. Burnout in mental health services: A review of the problem and its remediation. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2012; 39(5):341-52. doi: 10.1007/s10488-011-0352-1 PMID: 21533847
5. Bride BE. Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among social workers. Soc Work. 2007; 52(1):63-70. PMID: 17388084
6. Cieslak R, Anderson V, Bock J, Moore BA, Peterson AL, Benight CC. Secondary traumatic stress among mental health providers working with the military: Prevalence and its work- and exposurerelated correlates. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013; 201(11):917-25. PMID: 24177477
7. Smith Hatcher S, Bride BE, Oh H, Moultrie King D, Franklin Catrett J. An assessment of secondary traumatic stress in juvenile justice education workers. J Correct Health Care. 2011; 17(3):208-17. doi: 10.1177/1078345811401509 PMID: 21571748
8. Cieslak R, Shoji K, Douglas A, Melville E, Luszczynska A, Benight CC. A meta-analysis of the relationship between job burnout and secondary traumatic stress among workers with indirect exposure to trauma. Psychol Serv. 2014; 11(1):75-86. doi: 10.1037/a0033798 PMID: 23937082
9. Benight CC, Cieslak R. Professional burnout. In: Moore BA, Barnett JE, editors. Military psychologists' desk reference. New York, NY: Oxford University; 2013. p. 138-42.
10. Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Nachreiner F, Schaufeli WB. The job demands-resources model of burnout. J Appl Psychol. 2001; 86(3):499-512. PMID: 11419809
11. Lee RT, Ashforth BE. A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. J Appl Psychol. 1996; 81(2):123-33. PMID: 8603909
12. Shoji K, Cieslak R, Smoktunowicz E, Rogala A, Benight CC, Luszczynska A. Associations between job burnout and self-efficacy: A meta-analysis. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2015; Advanced Online Publication.
13. Alarcon GM. A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes. J Vocat Behav. 2011 Pazdziernik; 79(2):549-62.
14. Baird SA, Jenkins SR. Vicarious traumatization, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout in sexual assault and domestic violence agency staff. Violence Vict. 2003; 18(1):71-86. PMID: 12733620
15. Brewer EW, Shapard L. Employee burnout: A meta-analysis of the relationship between age or years of experience. Hum Resour Dev Rev. 2004; 3(2):102-23.
16. Skaalvik EM, Skaalvik S. Does school context matter? Relations with teacher burnout and job satisfaction. Teach Teach Educ. 2009; 25(3):518-24.
17. Kim E. Occupational stress: A survey of psychotherapists in Korea and the United States. Int J Stress Manag. 2007; 14(1):111-20.
18. Gill A, Sharma SP, Mathur N, Bhutani S. The Effects of job satisfaction and work experience on employee-desire for empowerment: A comparative study in Canada and India. Int J Manag. 2012; 29 (1):190.
19. McCann IL, Pearlman LA. Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims. J Trauma Stress. 1990; 3(1):131-49.
20. Bride BE, Robinson MM, Yegidis B, Figley CR. Development and validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Res Soc Work Pract. 2004; 14(1):27-35.
21. Pyevich CM, Newman E, Daleiden E. The relationship among cognitive schemas, job-related traumatic exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder in journalists. J Trauma Stress. 2003; 16(4):325. PMID: 12895014
22. Creamer TL, Liddle BJ. Secondary traumatic stress among disaster mental health workers responding to the September 11 attacks. J Trauma Stress. 2005; 18(1):89-96. PMID: 16281200
23. Bride BE, Jones JL, Macmaster SA. Correlates of secondary traumatic stress in child protective services workers. J Evid-Based Soc Work. 2007; 4:69-80.
24. McNally RJ. Can we salvage the concept of psychological trauma? Psychologist. 2010; 23(5):386-9.
25. McNally RJ. Can we fix PTSD in DSM-V? Depress Anxiety. 2009; 26(7):597-600. doi: 10.1002/da.20586 PMID: 19569228
26. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: Author; 2013.
27. Lusk M, Terrazas S. Secondary trauma among caregivers who work with Mexican and Central American refugees. Hisp J Behav Sci. 2015; 37(2):257-73.
28. Pulido ML. The ripple effect: Lessons learned about secondary traumatic stress among clinicians responding to the September 11th terrorist attacks. Clin Soc Work J. 2012; 40(3):307-15.
29. Royle L, Keenan P, Farrell D. Issues of stigma for first responders accessing support for post traumatic stress. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2009; 11(2):79-85. PMID: 19927494
30. Voss Horrell SC, Holohan DR, Didion LM, Vance GT. Treating traumatized OEF/OIF veterans: How does trauma treatment affect the clinician? Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2011; 42(1):79.
31. Hobfoll SE. Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. Am Psychol. 1989; 44 (3):513-24. PMID: 2648906
32. Van Der Ploeg E, Kleber RJ. Acute and chronic job stressors among ambulance personnel: Predictors of health symptoms. Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60:i40-6. PMID: 12782746
33. Hakanen JJ, Schaufeli WB, Ahola K. The job demands-resources model: A three-year cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement. Work Stress. 2008; 22(3):224-41.
34. Halbesleben JRB, Demerouti E. The construct validity of an alternative measure of burnout: Investigating the English translation of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Work Stress. 2005; 19:208-20.
35. Shoji K, Bock J, Cieslak R, Zukowska K, Luszczynska A, Benight CC. Cultivating secondary traumatic growth among healthcare workers: The role of social support and self-efficacy. J Clin Psychol. 2014; 70 (9):831-46. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22070 PMID: 24420964
36. Cieslak R, Shoji K, Luszczynska A, Taylor S, Rogala A, Benight CC. Secondary trauma self-efficacy: Concept and its measurement. Psychol Assess. 2013; 25(3):917-28. doi: 10.1037/a0032687 PMID: 23647049
37. Browne MM, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen KA, Long JS, editors. Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE; 1993.
38. Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J. 1999; 6(1):1-55.
39. Schafer JL, Graham JW. Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods. 2002; 7 (2):147-77. PMID: 12090408
40. Streiner DL. The case of the missing data: Methods of dealing with dropouts and other research vagaries. Can J Psychiatry Rev Can Psychiatr. 2002; 47(1):68-75.
41. Little RJA. A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. J Am Stat Assoc. 1988; 83(404):1198-202.
42. Prince M. Measurement validity in cross-cultural comparative research. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2008; 17(03):211-20.
43. Halbesleben JRB. Sources of social support and burnout: A meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. J Appl Psychol. 2006; 91(5):1134-45. PMID: 16953774
44. Ito JK, Brotheridge CM. Resources, coping strategies, and emotional exhaustion: A conservation of resources perspective. J Vocat Behav. 2003; 63(3):490-509.
45. Schaufeli WB, Janczur B. Burnout among nurses: A Polish-Dutch comparison. J Cross-Cult Psychol. 1994; 25(1):95-113.
46. Schro″der H, Reschke K, Gärtner A, Kaczmarek Ł, Sęk H, Ziarko M, et al. Psychosocial coping resources and health among Germans and Poles. Pol Psychol Bull. 2011; 42(3):114-22.
47. Harari H, Jones CA, Sek H. Stress syndromes and stress predictors in American and Polish college students. J Cross-Cult Psychol. 1988; 19(2):243-55.
48. Kehl D, Knuth D, Hulse L, Schmidt S. Posttraumatic reactions among firefighters after critical incidents: Cross-national data. J Aggress Maltreatment Trauma. 2014; 23(8):842-53.
49. Clarke G, Eubanks D, Reid E, Kelleher C, O'Connor E, DeBar LL, et al. Overcoming depression on the internet (ODIN) (2): A randomized trial of a self-help depression skills program with reminders. J Med Internet Res. 2005; 7:e16. PMID: 15998607