Beneficial Effects of Red Yeast Rice on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, and Fatty Liver in Mice

Journal of Medicinal Food

Volumn 18, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 1095-1102

  Lee, Ho Sung ^a   Lee, Yu Jeung ^b   Chung, Yoon Hee ^a   Nam, Yunsung ^a   Kim, Sung Tae ^a   Park, Eon Sub ^a   Hong, Suk Myung ^a   Yang, Yeong Kuk ^a   Kim, Hyoung Chun ^b   Jeong, Ji Hoon ^a  

^a Chung Ang University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^b Kangwon National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

high fat diet; hyperlipidemia; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; obesity; red yeast rice

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CHOLESTIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LEPTIN; LIPID; LIVER ENZYME; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RNA; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FOOD INTAKE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LIPID DIET; LIVER WEIGHT; MALE; MOUSE; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; WEIGHT GAIN; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADVERSE EFFECTS; ANIMAL; BLOOD; C57BL MOUSE; DIET; ENZYMOLOGY; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; LIVER; NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE; ORGAN SIZE; PATHOLOGY;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ALANINE TRANSAMINASE; ANIMALS; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS; BODY WEIGHT; DIET; DIET, HIGH-FAT; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; LEPTIN; LIPIDS; LIVER; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE; OBESITY; ORGAN SIZE;

EID: 84942939028     PISSN: 1096620X     EISSN: 15577600     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3259     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. McCarthy MI: Genomics, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2339-2350.
2. James WP: The epidemiology of obesity: The size of the problem. J Intern Med 2008;263:336-352.
3. Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS: Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest 2005;115:1111-1119.
4. Tilg H, Moschen AR: Adipocytokines: Mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2006;6:772-783.
5. National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity: Overweight, obesity, and health risk. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:898-904.
6. O'Keefe JH, Bell DS: Postprandial hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia (postprandial dysmetabolism) is a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:899-904.
7. Ahmed U, Redgrave TG, Oates PS: Effect of dietary fat to produce non-alcoholic fatty liver in the rat. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:1463-1471.
8. ALLHAT Officers Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002;288:2998-3007.
9. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al.: Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 1998;279:1615-1622.
10. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleigh P, Peto R: MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:2005-2016.
11. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al.: Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005;366:1267-1278.
12. Mills EJ, Wu P, Chong G, et al.: Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease: A network meta-analysis of 170,255 patients from 76 randomized trials. QJM 2011;104:109-124.
13. Becker DJ, Gordon RY, Halbert SC, French B, Morris PB, Rader DJ: Red yeast rice for dyslipidemia in statin-intolerant patients: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:830-839, W147-W839.
14. Heber D, Lembertas A, Lu QY, Bowerman S, Go VL: An analysis of nine proprietary Chinese red yeast rice dietary supplements: Implications of variability in chemical profile and contents. J Altern Complement Med 2001;7:133-139.
15. Ma J, Li Y, Ye Q, et al.: Constituents of red yeast rice, a traditional Chinese food and medicine. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:5220-5225.
16. Goldstein MR: Effects of dietary phytosterols on cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis. Am J Med 2000;109:72-73.
17. Feuerstein JS, Bjerke WS: Powdered red yeast rice and plant stanols and sterols to lower cholesterol. J Diet Suppl 2012;9:110-115.
18. Lu Z, Kou W, Du B, et al.: Effect of Xuezhikang, an extract from red yeast Chinese rice, on coronary events in a Chinese population with previous myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2008;101:1689-1693.
19. Klimek M, Wang S, Ogunkanmi A: Safety and efficacy of red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) as an alternative therapy for hyperlipidemia. P T 2009;34:313-327.
20. Li YG, Zhang F, Wang ZT, Hu ZB: Identification and chemical profiling of monacolins in red yeast rice using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector and mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004;35:1101-1112.
21. Gaemers IC, Stallen JM, Kunne C, et al.: Lipotoxicity and steatohepatitis in an overfed mouse model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011;1812:447-458.
22. Sarmento A, Soares-da-Silva P, Teixeira AA, Azevedo I: Effects of denervation induced by 6-hydroxydopamine on cell nucleus activity of arterial and cardiac cells of the dog. J Auton Pharmacol 1987;7:119-126.
23. Holvoet P: Relations between metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress and inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 2008;70:193-219.
24. Bjorntorp P: Sjostrom L, +SJOSTROM L: Number and size of adipose tissue fat cells in relation to metabolism in human obesity. Metabolism 1971;20:703-713.
25. Tontonoz P, Spiegelman BM: Fat and beyond: The diverse biology of PPARgamma. Annu Rev Biochem 2008;77:289-312.
26. Paccaud F, Schluter-Fasmeyer V, Wietlisbach V, Bovet P: Dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity: An assessment in three general populations. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:393-400.
27. Malloy MJ, Kane JP: A risk factor for atherosclerosis: Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Adv Intern Med 2001;47:111-136.
28. Libby P: Current concepts of the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2001;104:365-372.
29. Ansell BJ, Watson KE, Fogelman AM, Navab M, Fonarow GC: High-density lipoprotein function recent advances. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:1792-1798.
30. Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, Katan MB, Kromhout D: Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: The Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-1011.
31. Rader DJ, Davidson MH, Caplan RJ, Pears JS: Lipid and apolipoprotein ratios: Association with coronary artery disease and effects of rosuvastatin compared with atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin. Am J Cardiol 2003;91:20C-23C; discussion 23C-24C.
32. Boers M, Nurmohamed MT, Doelman CJ, et al.: Influence of glucocorticoids and disease activity on total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:842-845.
33. Parthasarathy S, Barnett J, Fong LG: High-density lipoprotein inhibits the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990;1044:275-283.
34. Morrison SF, Milner TA, Reis DJ: Reticulospinal vasomotor neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla: Relationship to sympathetic nerve activity and the C1 adrenergic cell group. J Neurosci 1988;8:1286-1301.
35. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, et al.: Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 1996;334:292-295.
36. Martin SS, Qasim A, Reilly MP: Leptin resistance: A possible interface of inflammation and metabolism in obesity-related cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1201-1210.
37. Friedman JM: Leptin, leptin receptors, and the control of body weight. Nutr Rev 1998;56:s38-s46; discussion s54-s75.
38. Koh KK, Park SM, Quon MJ: Leptin and cardiovascular disease: Response to therapeutic interventions. Circulation 2008;117:3238-3249.
39. Chen K, Li F, Li J, et al.: Induction of leptin resistance through direct interaction of C-reactive protein with leptin. Nat Med 2006;12:425-432.
40. Ding M, Si D, Zhang W, Feng Z, He M, Yang P: Red yeast rice repairs kidney damage and reduces inflammatory transcription factors in rat models of hyperlipidemia. Exp Ther Med 2014;8:1737-1744.
41. Leibowitz SF, Chang GQ, Dourmashkin JT, Yun R, Julien C, Pamy PP: Leptin secretion after a high-fat meal in normal-weight rats: Strong predictor of long-term body fat accrual on a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006;290:E258-E267.
42. Lal JJ, Sreeranjit Kumar CV, Suresh MV, Indira M, Vijayammal PL: Effect of in utero exposure of Toddy (coconut palm wine) on liver function and lipid metabolism in rat fetuses. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1998;52:209-219.
43. Hoyos M, Guerrero JM, Perez-Cano R, et al.: Serum cholesterol and lipid peroxidation are decreased by melatonin in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. J Pineal Res 2000;28:150-155.
44. Mukai M, Ozasa K, Hayashi K, Kawai K: Various S-GOT/S-GPT ratios in nonviral liver disorders and related physical conditions and life-style. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:549-555.