메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 86, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 285-292

HLA-A-B-C-DRB1-DQB1 phased haplotypes in 124 Nigerian families indicate extreme HLA diversity and low linkage disequilibrium in Central-West Africa

Author keywords

African peopling history; Anthropology; Family data; HLA haplotypes; Linkage disequilibrium; Malaria resistance; Nigerian population; Population genetics

Indexed keywords

HLA A ANTIGEN; HLA B ANTIGEN; HLA C ANTIGEN; HLA DQB1 ANTIGEN; HLA DRB1 ANTIGEN; HLA DQ ANTIGEN; HLA-DQB1 ANTIGEN;

EID: 84942552748     PISSN: 00012815     EISSN: 13990039     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/tan.12642     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 52949093871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African genetic diversity: implications for human demographic history, modern human origins, and complex disease mapping
    • Campbell MC, Tishkoff SA. African genetic diversity: implications for human demographic history, modern human origins, and complex disease mapping. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2008: 9: 403-33.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet , vol.9 , pp. 403-433
    • Campbell, M.C.1    Tishkoff, S.A.2
  • 2
    • 66249116333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans
    • Tishkoff SA, Reed FA, Friedlaender FR et al. The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans. Science 2009: 324: 1035-44.
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 1035-1044
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Reed, F.A.2    Friedlaender, F.R.3
  • 3
    • 13944279562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia
    • McDougall I, Brown FH, Fleagle JG. Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia. Nature 2005: 433: 733-6.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 733-736
    • McDougall, I.1    Brown, F.H.2    Fleagle, J.G.3
  • 4
    • 84860333985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The environmental context for the origins of modern human diversity: a synthesis of regional variability in African climate 150,000-30,000 years ago
    • Blome MW, Cohen AS, Tryon CA, Brooks AS, Russell J. The environmental context for the origins of modern human diversity: a synthesis of regional variability in African climate 150, 000-30, 000 years ago. J Hum Evol 2012: 62: 563-92.
    • (2012) J Hum Evol , vol.62 , pp. 563-592
    • Blome, M.W.1    Cohen, A.S.2    Tryon, C.A.3    Brooks, A.S.4    Russell, J.5
  • 5
    • 0026592265 scopus 로고
    • Interethnic genetic differentiation in Africa: HLA class I antigens in The Gambia
    • Allsopp CE, Harding RM, Taylor C et al. Interethnic genetic differentiation in Africa: HLA class I antigens in The Gambia. Am J Hum Genet 1992: 50: 411-21.
    • (1992) Am J Hum Genet , vol.50 , pp. 411-421
    • Allsopp, C.E.1    Harding, R.M.2    Taylor, C.3
  • 6
    • 0026718098 scopus 로고
    • HLA-DP polymorphism in the present-day San (Bushmen) and Khoi (Hottentots) using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing
    • Arendse B, Martell RW, Jacobs M, Oosthuizen O, du Toit ED. HLA-DP polymorphism in the present-day San (Bushmen) and Khoi (Hottentots) using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing. Tissue Antigens 1992: 40: 38-40.
    • (1992) Tissue Antigens , vol.40 , pp. 38-40
    • Arendse, B.1    Martell, R.W.2    Jacobs, M.3    Oosthuizen, O.4    du Toit, E.D.5
  • 7
    • 12144291194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation between African populations is evidenced by the diversity of alleles and haplotypes of HLA class I loci
    • Cao K, Moormann AM, Lyke KE et al. Differentiation between African populations is evidenced by the diversity of alleles and haplotypes of HLA class I loci. Tissue Antigens 2004: 63: 293-325.
    • (2004) Tissue Antigens , vol.63 , pp. 293-325
    • Cao, K.1    Moormann, A.M.2    Lyke, K.E.3
  • 8
    • 0027218437 scopus 로고
    • Sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing in Shona patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls from Zimbabwe
    • Cutbush S, Chikanza IC, Biro PA et al. Sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing in Shona patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls from Zimbabwe. Tissue Antigens 1993: 41: 169-72.
    • (1993) Tissue Antigens , vol.41 , pp. 169-172
    • Cutbush, S.1    Chikanza, I.C.2    Biro, P.A.3
  • 10
    • 0031453277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA class I and class II allele distribution in the Bubi population from the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea)
    • de Pablo R, Garcia-Pacheco JM, Vilches C et al. HLA class I and class II allele distribution in the Bubi population from the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). Tissue Antigens 1997: 50: 593-601.
    • (1997) Tissue Antigens , vol.50 , pp. 593-601
    • de Pablo, R.1    Garcia-Pacheco, J.M.2    Vilches, C.3
  • 11
    • 0033794342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity is demonstrated in class I HLA-A and HLA-B alleles in Cameroon, Africa: description of HLA-A*03012, *2612, *3006 and HLA-B*1403, *4016, *4703
    • Ellis JM, Mack SJ, Leke RF, Quakyi I, Johnson AH, Hurley CK. Diversity is demonstrated in class I HLA-A and HLA-B alleles in Cameroon, Africa: description of HLA-A*03012, *2612, *3006 and HLA-B*1403, *4016, *4703. Tissue Antigens 2000: 56: 291-302.
    • (2000) Tissue Antigens , vol.56 , pp. 291-302
    • Ellis, J.M.1    Mack, S.J.2    Leke, R.F.3    Quakyi, I.4    Johnson, A.H.5    Hurley, C.K.6
  • 12
    • 0026687104 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of HLA-DQA1, -DQB1 and DRB1 alleles in black IDDM patients and controls from Zimbabwe
    • Garcia-Pacheco JM, Herbut B, Cutbush S et al. Distribution of HLA-DQA1, -DQB1 and DRB1 alleles in black IDDM patients and controls from Zimbabwe. Tissue Antigens 1992: 40: 145-9.
    • (1992) Tissue Antigens , vol.40 , pp. 145-149
    • Garcia-Pacheco, J.M.1    Herbut, B.2    Cutbush, S.3
  • 13
    • 84903792982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA diversity in the 1000 genomes dataset
    • Gourraud PA, Khankhanian P, Cereb N et al. HLA diversity in the 1000 genomes dataset. PLoS One 2014: 9: e97282.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e97282
    • Gourraud, P.A.1    Khankhanian, P.2    Cereb, N.3
  • 14
    • 60649104516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA class I allele and haplotype diversity in Ugandans supports the presence of a major east African genetic cluster
    • Kijak GH, Walsh AM, Koehler RN et al. HLA class I allele and haplotype diversity in Ugandans supports the presence of a major east African genetic cluster. Tissue Antigens 2009: 73: 262-9.
    • (2009) Tissue Antigens , vol.73 , pp. 262-269
    • Kijak, G.H.1    Walsh, A.M.2    Koehler, R.N.3
  • 15
    • 70350012293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 loci in three west African ethnic groups: genetic relationship with sub-Saharan African and European populations
    • Lulli P, Mangano VD, Onori A et al. HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 loci in three west African ethnic groups: genetic relationship with sub-Saharan African and European populations. Hum Immunol 2009: 70: 903-9.
    • (2009) Hum Immunol , vol.70 , pp. 903-909
    • Lulli, P.1    Mangano, V.D.2    Onori, A.3
  • 16
    • 79956147654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of HLA alleles with Plasmodium falciparum severity in Malian children
    • Lyke KE, Fernandez-Vina MA, Cao K et al. Association of HLA alleles with Plasmodium falciparum severity in Malian children. Tissue Antigens 2011: 77: 562-71.
    • (2011) Tissue Antigens , vol.77 , pp. 562-571
    • Lyke, K.E.1    Fernandez-Vina, M.A.2    Cao, K.3
  • 17
    • 0026665590 scopus 로고
    • HLA-DP polymorphism in Sudanese controls and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Magzoub MM, Stephens HA, Sachs JA et al. HLA-DP polymorphism in Sudanese controls and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Tissue Antigens 1992: 40: 64-8.
    • (1992) Tissue Antigens , vol.40 , pp. 64-68
    • Magzoub, M.M.1    Stephens, H.A.2    Sachs, J.A.3
  • 18
    • 0033030827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA class II polymorphism in a Gabonese Banzabi population
    • Migot-Nabias F, Fajardy I, Danze PM et al. HLA class II polymorphism in a Gabonese Banzabi population. Tissue Antigens 1999: 53: 580-5.
    • (1999) Tissue Antigens , vol.53 , pp. 580-585
    • Migot-Nabias, F.1    Fajardy, I.2    Danze, P.M.3
  • 19
    • 0035084119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA class I in three West African ethnic groups: genetic distances from sub-Saharan and Caucasoid populations
    • Modiano D, Luoni G, Petrarca V et al. HLA class I in three West African ethnic groups: genetic distances from sub-Saharan and Caucasoid populations. Tissue Antigens 2001: 57: 128-37.
    • (2001) Tissue Antigens , vol.57 , pp. 128-137
    • Modiano, D.1    Luoni, G.2    Petrarca, V.3
  • 20
    • 84887292436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-evolution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands with killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in a genetically diverse population of sub-Saharan Africans
    • Norman PJ, Hollenbach JA, Nemat-Gorgani N et al. Co-evolution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands with killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in a genetically diverse population of sub-Saharan Africans. PLoS Genet 2013: 9: e1003938.
    • (2013) PLoS Genet , vol.9 , pp. e1003938
    • Norman, P.J.1    Hollenbach, J.A.2    Nemat-Gorgani, N.3
  • 21
    • 84355161411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human leukocyte antigen class I (A, B, C) and II (DRB1) diversity in the black and Caucasian South African population
    • Paximadis M, Mathebula TY, Gentle NL et al. Human leukocyte antigen class I (A, B, C) and II (DRB1) diversity in the black and Caucasian South African population. Hum Immunol 2012: 73: 80-92.
    • (2012) Hum Immunol , vol.73 , pp. 80-92
    • Paximadis, M.1    Mathebula, T.Y.2    Gentle, N.L.3
  • 23
    • 0035664698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA class II polymorphism in Aka Pygmies and Bantu Congolese and a reassessment of HLA-DRB1 African diversity
    • Renquin J, Sanchez-Mazas A, Halle L et al. HLA class II polymorphism in Aka Pygmies and Bantu Congolese and a reassessment of HLA-DRB1 African diversity. Tissue Antigens 2001: 58: 211-22.
    • (2001) Tissue Antigens , vol.58 , pp. 211-222
    • Renquin, J.1    Sanchez-Mazas, A.2    Halle, L.3
  • 24
    • 84942555201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population: Mandenka from Senegal. In: Hansen JA, ed. Immunobiology of the Human MHC. Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference, Seattle (WA): IHWG Press, 2007.
    • Sanchez-Mazas A, Kervaire B, Tiercy J-M. Population: Mandenka from Senegal. In: Hansen JA, ed. Immunobiology of the Human MHC. Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference, Seattle (WA): IHWG Press, 2007.
    • Sanchez-Mazas, A.1    Kervaire, B.2    Tiercy, J.-M.3
  • 25
    • 0033784316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular determination of HLA-Cw alleles in the Mandenka (West Africa) reveals a close genetic relationship between Africans and Europeans
    • Sanchez-Mazas A, Steiner QG, Grundschober C, Tiercy JM. The molecular determination of HLA-Cw alleles in the Mandenka (West Africa) reveals a close genetic relationship between Africans and Europeans. Tissue Antigens 2000: 56: 303-12.
    • (2000) Tissue Antigens , vol.56 , pp. 303-312
    • Sanchez-Mazas, A.1    Steiner, Q.G.2    Grundschober, C.3    Tiercy, J.M.4
  • 26
    • 55949101056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-A polymorphisms in four ethnic groups from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) inferred from sequence-based typing
    • Spinola C, Bruges-Armas J, Brehm A, Spinola H. HLA-A polymorphisms in four ethnic groups from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) inferred from sequence-based typing. Tissue Antigens 2008: 72: 593-8.
    • (2008) Tissue Antigens , vol.72 , pp. 593-598
    • Spinola, C.1    Bruges-Armas, J.2    Brehm, A.3    Spinola, H.4
  • 27
    • 29344463048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA polymorphisms in Cabo Verde and Guine-Bissau inferred from sequence-based typing
    • Spinola H, Bruges-Armas J, Middleton D, Brehm A. HLA polymorphisms in Cabo Verde and Guine-Bissau inferred from sequence-based typing. Hum Immunol 2005: 66: 1082-92.
    • (2005) Hum Immunol , vol.66 , pp. 1082-1092
    • Spinola, H.1    Bruges-Armas, J.2    Middleton, D.3    Brehm, A.4
  • 28
    • 80053576722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA class-I diversity in Cameroon: evidence for a north-south structure of genetic variation and relationships with African populations
    • Spinola H, Couto AR, Peixoto MJ et al. HLA class-I diversity in Cameroon: evidence for a north-south structure of genetic variation and relationships with African populations. Ann Hum Genet 2011: 75: 665-77.
    • (2011) Ann Hum Genet , vol.75 , pp. 665-677
    • Spinola, H.1    Couto, A.R.2    Peixoto, M.J.3
  • 29
    • 0026768995 scopus 로고
    • HLA-DR polymorphism in a Senegalese Mandenka population: DNA oligotyping and population genetics of DRB1 specificities
    • Tiercy JM, Sanchez-Mazas A, Excoffier L et al. HLA-DR polymorphism in a Senegalese Mandenka population: DNA oligotyping and population genetics of DRB1 specificities. Am J Hum Genet 1992: 51: 592-608.
    • (1992) Am J Hum Genet , vol.51 , pp. 592-608
    • Tiercy, J.M.1    Sanchez-Mazas, A.2    Excoffier, L.3
  • 30
    • 33644886642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA class I diversity among rural rainforest inhabitants in Cameroon: identification of A*2612-B*4407 haplotype
    • Torimiro JN, Carr JK, Wolfe ND et al. HLA class I diversity among rural rainforest inhabitants in Cameroon: identification of A*2612-B*4407 haplotype. Tissue Antigens 2006: 67: 30-7.
    • (2006) Tissue Antigens , vol.67 , pp. 30-37
    • Torimiro, J.N.1    Carr, J.K.2    Wolfe, N.D.3
  • 32
    • 80052963855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human leukocyte antigen class I polymorphisms influence the mild clinical manifestation of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Ghanaian children
    • Yamazaki A, Yasunami M, Ofori M et al. Human leukocyte antigen class I polymorphisms influence the mild clinical manifestation of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Ghanaian children. Hum Immunol 2011: 72: 881-8.
    • (2011) Hum Immunol , vol.72 , pp. 881-888
    • Yamazaki, A.1    Yasunami, M.2    Ofori, M.3
  • 33
    • 84909981898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic SCT for the Black African and non-Black African variants of sickle cell anemia
    • Lucarelli G, Isgro A, Sodani P et al. Hematopoietic SCT for the Black African and non-Black African variants of sickle cell anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014: 49: 1376-81.
    • (2014) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.49 , pp. 1376-1381
    • Lucarelli, G.1    Isgro, A.2    Sodani, P.3
  • 34
    • 0038107362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct HLA associations by stroke subtype in children with sickle cell anemia
    • Hoppe C, Klitz W, Noble J, Vigil L, Vichinsky E, Styles L. Distinct HLA associations by stroke subtype in children with sickle cell anemia. Blood 2003: 101: 2865-9.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 2865-2869
    • Hoppe, C.1    Klitz, W.2    Noble, J.3    Vigil, L.4    Vichinsky, E.5    Styles, L.6
  • 35
    • 0036129580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious complications in sickle cell disease are influenced by HLA class II alleles
    • Tamouza R, Neonato MG, Busson M et al. Infectious complications in sickle cell disease are influenced by HLA class II alleles. Hum Immunol 2002: 63: 194-9.
    • (2002) Hum Immunol , vol.63 , pp. 194-199
    • Tamouza, R.1    Neonato, M.G.2    Busson, M.3
  • 36
    • 34247262212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tools for analysing ambiguous HLA data
    • Nunes JM. Tools for analysing ambiguous HLA data. Tissue Antigens 2007: 69 (Suppl 1): 203-5.
    • (2007) Tissue Antigens , vol.69 , pp. 203-205
    • Nunes, J.M.1
  • 37
    • 77953298173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the HLA population data (AHPD) submitted to the 15th International Histocompatibility/Immunogenetics Workshop by using the Gene[rate] computer tools accommodating ambiguous data (AHPD project report)
    • Nunes JM, Riccio ME, Buhler S et al. Analysis of the HLA population data (AHPD) submitted to the 15th International Histocompatibility/Immunogenetics Workshop by using the Gene[rate] computer tools accommodating ambiguous data (AHPD project report). Tissue Antigens 2010: 76: 18-30.
    • (2010) Tissue Antigens , vol.76 , pp. 18-30
    • Nunes, J.M.1    Riccio, M.E.2    Buhler, S.3
  • 38
    • 80051510227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allele frequency estimation from ambiguous data: using resampling schema in validating frequency estimates and in selective neutrality testing
    • Nunes JM, Riccio ME, Tiercy JM, Sanchez-Mazas A. Allele frequency estimation from ambiguous data: using resampling schema in validating frequency estimates and in selective neutrality testing. Hum Biol 2011: 83: 437-47.
    • (2011) Hum Biol , vol.83 , pp. 437-447
    • Nunes, J.M.1    Riccio, M.E.2    Tiercy, J.M.3    Sanchez-Mazas, A.4
  • 39
    • 79551639467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA DNA sequence variation among human populations: molecular signatures of demographic and selective events
    • Buhler S, Sanchez-Mazas A. HLA DNA sequence variation among human populations: molecular signatures of demographic and selective events. PLoS One 2011: 6: e14643.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. e14643
    • Buhler, S.1    Sanchez-Mazas, A.2
  • 40
    • 51749101703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing selection and heterogeneity across the classical human leukocyte antigen loci: a meta-analytic review of 497 population studies
    • Solberg OD, Mack SJ, Lancaster AK et al. Balancing selection and heterogeneity across the classical human leukocyte antigen loci: a meta-analytic review of 497 population studies. Hum Immunol 2008: 69: 443-64.
    • (2008) Hum Immunol , vol.69 , pp. 443-464
    • Solberg, O.D.1    Mack, S.J.2    Lancaster, A.K.3
  • 41
    • 84901492011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HLA-net GENE[RATE] pipeline for effective HLA data analysis and its application to 145 population samples from Europe and neighbouring areas
    • HLA-net-collaboration. . : : -.
    • Nunes JM, Buhler S, Roessli D, Sanchez-Mazas A, HLA-net-collaboration. The HLA-net GENE[RATE] pipeline for effective HLA data analysis and its application to 145 population samples from Europe and neighbouring areas. Tissue Antigens 2014: 83: 307-23.
    • (2014) Tissue Antigens , vol.83 , pp. 307-323
    • Nunes, J.M.1    Buhler, S.2    Roessli, D.3    Sanchez-Mazas, A.4
  • 42
    • 84942555202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic history and malaria prevalence: how independent causes may explain the HLA molecular profile of African populations in Nigeria. In. 28th European Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility Conference. Stockholm, Sweden, 25-28 June 2014: Tissue Antigens, 2014:126.
    • Testi M, Chevallier E, Akinyanju O, et al. Demographic history and malaria prevalence: how independent causes may explain the HLA molecular profile of African populations in Nigeria. In. 28th European Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility Conference. Stockholm, Sweden, 25-28 June 2014: Tissue Antigens, 2014:126.
    • Testi, M.1    Chevallier, E.2    Akinyanju, O.3
  • 43
    • 0025913521 scopus 로고
    • Common west African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria
    • Hill AV, Allsopp CE, Kwiatkowski D et al. Common west African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria. Nature 1991: 352: 595-600.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 595-600
    • Hill, A.V.1    Allsopp, C.E.2    Kwiatkowski, D.3
  • 44
    • 84920884329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva
    • WHO. World Malaria Report 2014. Geneva: WHO, 2014. ISBN: 978 92 4 156483 0.
    • (2014) World Malaria Report 2014
  • 45
    • 84872655238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA class I associations with rates of HIV-1 seroconversion and disease progression in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort
    • Peterson TA, Kimani J, Wachihi C et al. HLA class I associations with rates of HIV-1 seroconversion and disease progression in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort. Tissue Antigens 2013: 81: 93-107.
    • (2013) Tissue Antigens , vol.81 , pp. 93-107
    • Peterson, T.A.1    Kimani, J.2    Wachihi, C.3
  • 46
    • 84903762875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of HLA class I haplotypes on HIV-1 seroconversion and disease progression in Pumwani sex worker cohort
    • Sampathkumar R, Peters HO, Mendoza L et al. Influence of HLA class I haplotypes on HIV-1 seroconversion and disease progression in Pumwani sex worker cohort. PLoS One 2014: 9: e101475.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e101475
    • Sampathkumar, R.1    Peters, H.O.2    Mendoza, L.3
  • 48
    • 84891526596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural phylogeography of the Bantu Languages of sub-Saharan Africa
    • Currie TE, Meade A, Guillon M, Mace R. Cultural phylogeography of the Bantu Languages of sub-Saharan Africa. Proc R Soc. B 2013: 280: 20130695.
    • (2013) Proc R Soc. B , vol.280 , pp. 20130695
    • Currie, T.E.1    Meade, A.2    Guillon, M.3    Mace, R.4
  • 50
    • 84886431681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central Intelligence Agency. . Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency
    • Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2013-14. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2013.
    • (2013) The World Factbook 2013-14
  • 51
    • 84942555203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnologue: languages of the World. 7th ed. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.. 2014.
    • Lewis MP, Simons GF, Fennig CD. Ethnologue: languages of the World. 7th ed. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. http://www.ethnologue.com. 2014.
    • Lewis, M.P.1    Simons, G.F.2    Fennig, C.D.3
  • 52
    • 77953032930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows
    • Excoffier L, Lischer HE. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol Ecol Resour 2010: 10: 564-7.
    • (2010) Mol Ecol Resour , vol.10 , pp. 564-567
    • Excoffier, L.1    Lischer, H.E.2
  • 53
    • 76249102674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans
    • Bryc K, Auton A, Nelson MR et al. Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010: 107: 786-91.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 786-791
    • Bryc, K.1    Auton, A.2    Nelson, M.R.3
  • 54
    • 70350523905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for complexity in ethnic differentiation and history in East Africa
    • Poloni ES, Naciri Y, Bucho R et al. Genetic evidence for complexity in ethnic differentiation and history in East Africa. Ann Hum Genet 2009: 73: 582-600.
    • (2009) Ann Hum Genet , vol.73 , pp. 582-600
    • Poloni, E.S.1    Naciri, Y.2    Bucho, R.3
  • 55
    • 0002907949 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of selection and linkage. I. General considerations; heterotic models
    • Lewontin RC. The interaction of selection and linkage. I. General considerations; heterotic models. Genetics 1964: 49: 49-67.
    • (1964) Genetics , vol.49 , pp. 49-67
    • Lewontin, R.C.1
  • 56
    • 84901479037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new HLA map of Europe: Regional genetic variation and its implication for peopling history, disease-association studies and tissue transplantation
    • Sanchez-Mazas A, Buhler S, Nunes JM. A new HLA map of Europe: Regional genetic variation and its implication for peopling history, disease-association studies and tissue transplantation. Hum Hered 2013: 76: 162-77.
    • (2013) Hum Hered , vol.76 , pp. 162-177
    • Sanchez-Mazas, A.1    Buhler, S.2    Nunes, J.M.3
  • 57
    • 58849104457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HLA genomic loci map: expression, interaction, diversity and disease
    • Shiina T, Hosomichi K, Inoko H, Kulski JK. The HLA genomic loci map: expression, interaction, diversity and disease. J Hum Genet 2009: 54: 15-39.
    • (2009) J Hum Genet , vol.54 , pp. 15-39
    • Shiina, T.1    Hosomichi, K.2    Inoko, H.3    Kulski, J.K.4
  • 58
    • 0042165029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inheritable variable sizes of DNA stretches in the human MHC: conserved extended haplotypes and their fragments or blocks
    • Yunis EJ, Larsen CE, Fernandez-Vina M et al. Inheritable variable sizes of DNA stretches in the human MHC: conserved extended haplotypes and their fragments or blocks. Tissue Antigens 2003: 62: 1-20.
    • (2003) Tissue Antigens , vol.62 , pp. 1-20
    • Yunis, E.J.1    Larsen, C.E.2    Fernandez-Vina, M.3
  • 59
    • 82355161536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplotype variation and genotype imputation in African populations
    • Huang L, Jakobsson M, Pemberton TJ et al. Haplotype variation and genotype imputation in African populations. Genet Epidemiol 2011: 35: 766-80.
    • (2011) Genet Epidemiol , vol.35 , pp. 766-780
    • Huang, L.1    Jakobsson, M.2    Pemberton, T.J.3
  • 60
    • 39749197456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype, haplotype and copy-number variation in worldwide human populations
    • Jakobsson M, Scholz SW, Scheet P et al. Genotype, haplotype and copy-number variation in worldwide human populations. Nature 2008: 451: 998-1003.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 998-1003
    • Jakobsson, M.1    Scholz, S.W.2    Scheet, P.3
  • 61
    • 84883755178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human leukocyte antigen alleles and susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis
    • Epub Aug 2.
    • Chandran V, Bull SB, Pellett FJ, Ayearst R, Rahman P, Gladman DD. Human leukocyte antigen alleles and susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis. Hum Immunol 2013: 74: 1333-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.07.014. Epub Aug 2.
    • (2013) Hum Immunol , vol.74 , pp. 1333-1338
    • Chandran, V.1    Bull, S.B.2    Pellett, F.J.3    Ayearst, R.4    Rahman, P.5    Gladman, D.D.6
  • 62
    • 84974634779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family-based association study of HLA class II with type 1 diabetes in Moroccans
    • Drissi Bourhanbour A, Benseffaj N, Ouadghiri S et al. Family-based association study of HLA class II with type 1 diabetes in Moroccans. Pathol Biol 2014: 30: 00173-4.
    • (2014) Pathol Biol , vol.30 , pp. 00173-00174
    • Drissi Bourhanbour, A.1    Benseffaj, N.2    Ouadghiri, S.3
  • 63
    • 84863813835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential human leucocyte allele association between psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a family-based association study
    • Epub 2012 May 14.
    • Eder L, Chandran V, Pellett F et al. Differential human leucocyte allele association between psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a family-based association study. Ann Rheum Dis 2012: 71: 1361-5. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201308. Epub 2012 May 14.
    • (2012) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.71 , pp. 1361-1365
    • Eder, L.1    Chandran, V.2    Pellett, F.3
  • 64
    • 84870676153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive haplotype diversity in African American mothers and their cord blood units
    • Tu B, Leahy N, Yang R et al. Extensive haplotype diversity in African American mothers and their cord blood units. Tissue Antigens 2013: 81: 28-34.
    • (2013) Tissue Antigens , vol.81 , pp. 28-34
    • Tu, B.1    Leahy, N.2    Yang, R.3
  • 65
    • 84925271139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of HLA-A, -C, -B, -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequency in Japanese population based on family study
    • Ikeda N, Kojima H, Nishikawa M et al. Determination of HLA-A, -C, -B, -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequency in Japanese population based on family study. Tissue Antigens 2015: 85: 252-9.
    • (2015) Tissue Antigens , vol.85 , pp. 252-259
    • Ikeda, N.1    Kojima, H.2    Nishikawa, M.3
  • 66
    • 17644449674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A linkage disequilibrium map of the MHC region based on the analysis of 14 loci haplotypes in 50 French families
    • Sanchez-Mazas A, Djoulah S, Busson M et al. A linkage disequilibrium map of the MHC region based on the analysis of 14 loci haplotypes in 50 French families. Eur J Hum Genet 2000: 8: 33-41.
    • (2000) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.8 , pp. 33-41
    • Sanchez-Mazas, A.1    Djoulah, S.2    Busson, M.3
  • 67
    • 79551679817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes in the Maldivian population
    • Testi M, Lai S, Orru S et al. Distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes in the Maldivian population. Tissue Antigens 2011: 77: 235-8.
    • (2011) Tissue Antigens , vol.77 , pp. 235-238
    • Testi, M.1    Lai, S.2    Orru, S.3
  • 68
    • 0002405030 scopus 로고
    • Statisch-okologische Untersuchungen iiber die terrestiche Kaferwelt der finnishen Bruchmoore
    • Renkonen O. Statisch-okologische Untersuchungen iiber die terrestiche Kaferwelt der finnishen Bruchmoore. Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicæ-Botanicæ Fennicæ "Vanamo" 1938: 6: 1-231.
    • (1938) Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicæ-Botanicæ Fennicæ "Vanamo" , vol.6 , pp. 1-231
    • Renkonen, O.1
  • 69
    • 0029130796 scopus 로고
    • Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population
    • Excoffier L, Slatkin M. Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population. Mol Biol Evol 1995: 12: 921-7.
    • (1995) Mol Biol Evol , vol.12 , pp. 921-927
    • Excoffier, L.1    Slatkin, M.2
  • 70
    • 84868660725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies to work with HLA data in human populations for histocompatibility, clinical transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics: HLA-NET methodological recommendations
    • quiz 73-6.
    • Sanchez-Mazas A, Vidan-Jeras B, Nunes JM et al. Strategies to work with HLA data in human populations for histocompatibility, clinical transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics: HLA-NET methodological recommendations. Int J Immunogenet 2012: 39: 459-72; quiz 73-6.
    • (2012) Int J Immunogenet , vol.39 , pp. 459-472
    • Sanchez-Mazas, A.1    Vidan-Jeras, B.2    Nunes, J.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.