Meta-Analyses of the Effects of Habitual Running on Indices of Health in Physically Inactive Adults

Sports Medicine

Volumn 45, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 1455-1468

  Hespanhol Junior, Luiz Carlos ^a   Pillay, Julian David ^b   van Mechelen, Willem ^a   Verhagen, Evert ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b DURBAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BLOOD; BODY MASS; ENDURANCE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; INJURIES; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; RUNNING; YOUNG ADULT;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BODY MASS INDEX; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; RISK FACTORS; RUNNING; TRIGLYCERIDES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84942504682     PISSN: 01121642     EISSN: 11792035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0359-y     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. WHO. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
2. Kohl HW, Craig CL, Lambert EV, et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):294–305. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8.
3. WHO. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
4. Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, et al. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):247–57. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60646-1.
5. Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995;273(5):402–7.
6. Slentz CA, Houmard JA, Kraus WE. Modest exercise prevents the progressive disease associated with physical inactivity. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2007;35(1):18–23. doi:10.1249/01.jes.0000240019.07502.01.
7. Singh A, Uijtdewilligen L, Twisk JW, et al. Physical activity and performance at school: a systematic review of the literature including a methodological quality assessment. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(1):49–55. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.716.
8. Shrestha P, Ghimire L. A review about the effect of life style modification on diabetes and quality of life. Glob J Health Sci. 2012;4(6):185–90. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v4n6p185.
9. Stamatakis E, Chaudhury M. Temporal trends in adults’ sports participation patterns in England between 1997 and 2006: the Health Survey for England. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(11):901–8. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.048082.
10. Ottesen L, Jeppesen RS, Krustrup BR. The development of social capital through football and running: studying an intervention program for inactive women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(Suppl 1):118–31. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01123.x.
11. Ooms L, Veenhof C, de Bakker DH. Effectiveness of Start to Run, a 6-week training program for novice runners, on increasing health-enhancing physical activity: a controlled study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:697. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-697.
12. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1334–59. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb.
13. Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. http://www.cochrane-handbook.org. Accessed 2 July 2015
14. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d5928. doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928.
15. Gardner MJ, Altman DG. Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292(6522):746–50.
16. Gossard D, Haskell WL, Taylor CB, et al. Effects of low- and high-intensity home-based exercise training on functional capacity in healthy middle-aged men. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57(6):446–9.
17. Meyer T, Auracher M, Heeg K, et al. Effectiveness of low-intensity endurance training. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28(1):33–9. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924037.
18. Moses J, Steptoe A, Mathews A, et al. The effects of exercise training on mental well-being in the normal population: a controlled trial. J Psychosom Res. 1989;33(1):47–61.
19. Mueller JK, Gossard D, Adams FR, et al. Assessment of prescribed increases in physical activity: application of a new method for microprocessor analysis of heart rate. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57(6):441–5.
20. Savage MP, Petratis MM, Thomson WH, et al. Exercise training effects on serum lipids of prepubescent boys and adult men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986;18(2):197–204.
21. Iltis PW, Thomas TR, Adeniran SB, et al. Different running programs: plasma lipids, apoproteins, and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in middle-aged men. Ann Sports Med. 1984;2(1):16–22.
22. Thomas TR, Adeniran SB, Etheridge GL. Effects of different running programs on VO2 max, percent fat, and plasma lipids. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1984;9(2):55–62.
23. Mathur DN, Toriola AL. Twelve weeks jogging effects on selected cardiovascular risk factors in untrained healthy males. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1984;24(3):259–62.
24. Toriola AL. Influence of 12-week jogging on body fat and serum lipids. Br J Sports Med. 1984;18(1):13–7.
25. Sedlock DA, Lee MG, Flynn MG, et al. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption after aerobic exercise training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(4):336–49.
26. Suter E, Marti B. Little effect of long-term, self-monitored exercise on serum lipid levels in middle-aged women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1992;32(4):400–11.
27. Williams PT, Krauss RM, Vranizan KM, et al. Effects of exercise-induced weight loss on low density lipoprotein subfractions in healthy men. Arteriosclerosis. 1989;9(5):623–32.
28. Marti B, Suter E, Riesen WF, et al. Effects of long-term, self-monitored exercise on the serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile in middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis. 1990;81(1):19–31.
29. Suter E, Marti B, Tschopp A, et al. Effects of self-monitored jogging on physical fitness, blood pressure and serum lipids: a controlled study in sedentary middle-aged men. Int J Sports Med. 1990;11(6):425–32. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024832.
30. Hendrickson NR, Sharp MA, Alemany JA, et al. Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;109(6):1197–208. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1462-2.
31. Ring-Dimitriou S, von Duvillard SP, Paulweber B, et al. Nine months aerobic fitness induced changes on blood lipids and lipoproteins in untrained subjects versus controls. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;99(3):291–9. doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0347-x.
32. Allen D, Freund BJ, Wilmore JH. Interaction of test protocol and horizontal run training on maximal oxygen uptake. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986;18(5):581–7.
33. Oja P, Laukkanen RM, Kukkonen-Harjula TK, et al. Training effects of cross-country skiing and running on maximal aerobic cycle performance and on blood lipids. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1991;62(6):400–4.
34. Wood PD, Stefanick ML, Dreon DM, et al. Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(18):1173–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM198811033191801.
35. Williams PT, Krauss RM, Vranizan KM, et al. Changes in lipoprotein subfractions during diet-induced and exercise-induced weight loss in moderately overweight men. Circulation. 1990;81(4):1293–304.
36. Beneke R, Hutler M. The effect of training on running economy and performance in recreational athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(10):1794–9.
37. Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, et al. CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(8):e1–37. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.004.
38. Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, et al. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol. 1993;265(3 Pt 1):E380–91.
39. Hurley BF, Nemeth PM, Martin WH 3rd, et al. Muscle triglyceride utilization during exercise: effect of training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986;60(2):562–7.
40. Kodama S, Tanaka S, Saito K, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise training on serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(10):999–1008. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.10.999.
41. Oscai LB, Williams BT, Hertig BA. Effect of exercise on blood volume. J Appl Physiol. 1968;24(5):622–4.
42. Smith ML, Hudson DL, Graitzer HM, et al. Exercise training bradycardia: the role of autonomic balance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21(1):40–4.
43. Krip B, Gledhill N, Jamnik V, et al. Effect of alterations in blood volume on cardiac function during maximal exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(11):1469–76.
44. Vina J, Sanchis-Gomar F, Martinez-Bello V, et al. Exercise acts as a drug: the pharmacological benefits of exercise. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;167(1):1–12. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01970.x.
45. Naci H, Ioannidis JP. Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study. BMJ. 2013;347:f5577. doi:10.1136/bmj.f5577.
46. Sattelmair J, Pertman J, Ding EL, et al. Dose response between physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation. 2011;124(7):789–95. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.010710.
47. Shephard RJ. Intensity, duration and frequency of exercise as determinants of the response to a training regime. Int Z Angew Physiol. 1968;26(3):272–8.
48. Wenger HA, Bell GJ. The interactions of intensity, frequency and duration of exercise training in altering cardiorespiratory fitness. Sports Med. 1986;3(5):346–56.
49. Midgley AW, McNaughton LR, Jones AM. Training to enhance the physiological determinants of long-distance running performance: can valid recommendations be given to runners and coaches based on current scientific knowledge? Sports Med. 2007;37(10):857–80.
50. Durlak JA, DuPre EP. Implementation matters: a review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. Am J Community Psychol. 2008;41(3–4):327–50. doi:10.1007/s10464-008-9165-0.
51. Chakravarty EF, Hubert HB, Lingala VB, et al. Reduced disability and mortality among aging runners: a 21-year longitudinal study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(15):1638–46. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1638.
52. Lee DC, Pate RR, Lavie CJ, et al. Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(5):472–81. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058.
53. Kim JH, Malhotra R, Chiampas G, et al. Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(2):130–40. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1106468.
54. Lopes AD, Hespanhol Junior LC, Yeung SS, et al. What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries? A systematic review. Sports Med. 2012;42(10):891–905. doi:10.2165/11631170-000000000-00000.
55. Buist I, Bredeweg SW, Bessem B, et al. Incidence and risk factors of running-related injuries during preparation for a 4-mile recreational running event. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(8):598–604. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.044677.
56. Buist I, Bredeweg SW, Lemmink KA, et al. Predictors of running-related injuries in novice runners enrolled in a systematic training program: a prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(2):273–80. doi:10.1177/0363546509347985.
57. Kluitenberg B, van Middelkoop M, Smits DW, et al. The NLstart2run study: incidence and risk factors of running-related injuries in novice runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014. doi:10.1111/sms.12346.
58. Nielsen RO, Buist I, Parner ET, et al. Predictors of running-related injuries among 930 novice runners: a 1-year prospective follow-up study. Orthop J Sports Med. 2013;1(1):1–7.
59. Wen CP, Wai JP, Tsai MK, et al. Minimal amount of exercise to prolong life: to walk, to run, or just mix it up? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(5):482–4. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.026.
60. Celik O, Salci Y, Ak E, et al. Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein accumulation decreases significantly after 12 weeks of running but not swimming and cycling training—a randomised controlled trial. Knee. 2013;20(1):19–25. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2012.06.001.
61. Ozdemir RA, Celik O, Asci FH. Exercise interventions and their effects on physical self-perceptions of male university students. Int J Psychol. 2010;45(3):174–81. doi:10.1080/00207590903473750.
62. Moghadasi M, Mohammadi Domieh A. Effects of resistance versus endurance training on plasma lipocalin-2 in young men. Asian. J Sports Med. 2014;4(6):108–14.
63. Gregory SM, Spiering BA, Alemany JA, et al. Exercise-induced insulin-like growth factor I system concentrations after training in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(3):420–8. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182750bd4.
64. Asad M, Ravasi AA, Faramarzi M, et al. The effects of three training methods endurance, resistance and concurrent on adiponectin resting levels in overweighed untrained men. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2012;113(11):664–8.
65. Hosseini M, Piri M, Agha-Alinejad H, et al. The effect of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on the heart structure of female students. Biol Sport. 2012;29(1):17–21.
66. Lo MS, Lin LL, Yao WJ et al. Training and detraining effects of the resistance vs. endurance program on body composition, body size, and physical performance in young men. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(8):2246–54. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e8a4be.
67. Andersen LJ, Hansen PR, Sogaard P, et al. Improvement of systolic and diastolic heart function after physical training in sedentary women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(Suppl 1):50–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01088.x.
68. Krustrup P, Hansen PR, Andersen LJ, et al. Long-term musculoskeletal and cardiac health effects of recreational football and running for premenopausal women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(Suppl 1):58–71. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01111.x.
69. Nindl BC, Alemany JA, Tuckow AP et al. Circulating bioactive and immunoreactive IGF-I remain stable in women, despite physical fitness improvements after 8 weeks of resistance, aerobic, and combined exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010;109(1):112–20. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00025.2010.
70. Lee MG, Sedlock DA, Flynn MG, et al. Resting metabolic rate after endurance exercise training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(7):1444–51. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819bd617.
71. Lester ME, Urso ML, Evans RK, et al. Influence of exercise mode and osteogenic index on bone biomarker responses during short-term physical training. Bone. 2009;45(4):768–76. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.06.001.
72. Brixius K, Schoenberger S, Ladage D et al. Long-term endurance exercise decreases antiangiogenic endostatin signalling in overweight men aged 50–60 years. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(2):126–9. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.035188(discussion 9).
73. Hautala AJ, Makikallio TH, Kiviniemi A, et al. Heart rate dynamics after controlled training followed by a home-based exercise program. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;92(3):289–97. doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1077-6.
74. Poehlman ET, Dvorak RV, DeNino WF, et al. Effects of resistance training and endurance training on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, young women: a controlled randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(7):2463–8. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.7.6692.
75. Bourque SP, Pate RR, Branch JD. Twelve weeks of endurance exercise training does not affect iron status measures in women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(10):1116–21. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00272-1.
76. Hubinger L, Mackinnon LT. The effect of endurance training on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in middle-aged males. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(6):757–64.
77. Suter E, Marti B, Gutzwiller F. Jogging or walking—comparison of health effects. Ann Epidemiol. 1994;4(5):375–81.
78. Garber CE, McKinney JS, Carleton RA. Is aerobic dance an effective alternative to walk-jog exercise training? J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1992;32(2):136–41.
79. Williams PT, Krauss RM, Vranizan KM, et al. Effects of weight-loss by exercise and by diet on apolipoproteins A-I and A-II and the particle-size distribution of high-density lipoproteins in men. Metabolism. 1992;41(4):441–9.
80. Williams PT, Albers JJ, Krauss RM, et al. Associations of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass concentrations with exercise, weight loss, and plasma lipoprotein subfraction concentrations in men. Atherosclerosis. 1990;82(1–2):53–8.
81. Juneau M, Rogers F, De Santos V, et al. Effectiveness of self-monitored, home-based, moderate-intensity exercise training in middle-aged men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60(1):66–70.
82. Hagan RD, Upton SJ, Wong L, et al. The effects of aerobic conditioning and/or caloric restriction in overweight men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986;18(1):87–94.
83. Thomas TR, Adeniran SB, Iltis PW, et al. Effects of interval and continuous running on HDL-cholesterol, apoproteins A-1 and B, and LCAT. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985;10(1):52–9.
84. Williams PT, Wood PD, Krauss RM, et al. Does weight loss cause the exercise-induced increase in plasma high density lipoproteins? Atherosclerosis. 1983;47(2):173–85.
85. Wood PD, Haskell WL, Blair SN, et al. Increased exercise level and plasma lipoprotein concentrations: a one-year, randomized, controlled study in sedentary, middle-aged men. Metabolism. 1983;32(1):31–9.
86. Williams PT, Wood PD, Haskell WL, et al. The effects of running mileage and duration on plasma lipoprotein levels. JAMA. 1982;247(19):2674–9.
87. Wilmore JH, Davis JA, O’Brien RS, et al. Physiological alterations consequent to 20-week conditioning programs of bicycling, tennis, and jogging. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1980;12(1):1–8.