Melt Migration in Oceanic Crustal Production: A U-series Perspective

Treatise on Geochemistry

Volumn 3-9, Issue , 2003, Pages 466-510

  Elliott, T ^a   Spiegelman, M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ISOTOPES; SUBMARINE GEOLOGY;

CRUSTALS; MANTLE MELTING; MELT DISTRIBUTIONS; MELT MIGRATION; MELT PRODUCTION; MELTING PROCESS; OCEANIC CRUST; SEAFLOOR SPREADING; TECTONIC SETTINGS; U-SERIES;

MELTING;

EID: 84942411946     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03031-0     Document Type: Chapter

References (151)

1. Aharonov E., Whitehead J.A., Kelemen P.B., Spiegelman M. Channeling instability of upwelling melt in the mantle. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 1995, 100:20433-20450.
2. 230Th dating of volcanic rocks: a comment. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1968, 5:209-210.
3. Allègre C.J., Condomines M. Basalt genesis and mantle structure studied through Th-isotopic geochemistry. Nature 1982, 299:21-24.
4. Allègre C.J., Turcotte D.L. Implications of a 2-component marble-cake mantle. Nature 1986, 323:123-127.
5. Asmerom Y., Edwards R.L. U-series isotope evidence for the origin of continental basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1995, 134:1-7.
6. Ballard R.D., Francheteau J., Juteau T., Rangan C., Normark W. East Pacific Rise at 21-degrees-N-the volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes of the central axis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1981, 55:1-10.
7. Bateman H. Solution of a system of differential equations occurring in the theory of radioactive transformations. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 1910, 15:423-427.
8. Beattie P. The generation of uranium series disequilibria by partial melting of spinel peridotite-constraints from partitioning studies. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 117:379-391.
9. Beattie P. Uranium thorium disequilibria and partitioning on melting of garnet peridotite. Nature 1993, 363:63-65.
10. Ben Othman D., Allègre C.J. U-Th isotopic systematics at 13-degrees-N East Pacific Ridge segment. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1990, 98:129-137.
11. 2. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1980, 44:1251-1264.
12. Blundy J., Wood B. Prediction of crystal-melt partition-coefficients from elastic-moduli. Nature 1994, 372:452-454.
13. Blundy J., Wood B.J. Partitioning of trace elements between crystals and melts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003, 210:387-397.
14. Blundy J.D., Wood B.J. Mineral-melt partitioning of uranium--thorium and their daughters. Uranium-series Geochemistry 2003, B. Bourdon, G.M. Henderson, C.C. Lundstrom, S.P. Turner (Eds.).
15. Bourdon B., Sims K.W.W. Uranium-series Geochemistry. U-series constraints on intraplate basaltic magmatism 2003, vol. 52:215-254. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC. B. Bourdon, G.M. Henderson, C.C. Lundstrom, S.P. Turner (Eds.).
16. Bourdon B., Langmuir C.H., Zindler A. Ridge-hotspot interaction along the mid-Atlantic ridge between 37 degrees 30' and 40 degrees 30'N: the U-Th disequilibrium evidence. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1996, 142:175-189.
17. 230Th disequilibrium data. Nature 1996, 384:231-235.
18. 10Be and U-series disequilibria on the possible contamination of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses by sedimentary material. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2000, 1. article no. 0047.
19. Bourdon B., Henderson G.M., Lundstrom C.C., Turner S.P. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Uranium-series geochemistry 2003, vol. 52. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, 656pp.
20. Braun M.G., Kelemen P.B. Dunite distribution in the Oman ophiolite: implications for melt flux through porous dunite conduits. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2002, 3. article no. 8603.
21. 226Ra disequilibria in volcanics-a new insight into melting conditions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1994, 126:61-74.
22. Chadwick W.W., Embley R.W., Fox C.G. Evidence for volcanic-eruption on the Southern Juan-De-Fuca Ridge between 1981 and 1987. Nature 1991, 350:416-418.
23. Chadwick W.W., Embley R.W., Shank T.M. The 1996 Gorda Ridge eruption: geologic mapping, sidescan sonar, and SeaBeam comparison results. Deep-Sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 1998, 45:2547-2569.
24. Cheng H., Edwards R.L., Hoff J., Gallup C.D., Richards D.A., Asmerom Y. The half-lives of uranium-234 and thorium-230. Chem. Geol. 2000, 169:17-33.
25. Cohen A.S., Onions R.K. Precise determination of femtogram quantities of radium by thermal ionization mass-spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63:2705-2708.
26. 230Th disequilibria and mantle melting processes: a discussion. Chem. Geol. 2000, 162:95-104.
27. 238U radioactive disequilibria in tholeiites from the FAMOUS zone (mid-Atlantic ridge, 36°50'N)-Th and Sr isotopic geochemistry. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1981, 55:247-256.
28. Condomines M., Hémond C., Allègre C.J. U-Th-Ra radioactive disequilibria and magmatic processes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1988, 90:243-262.
29. 226Ra dating of the 1955 east rift eruption. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 184:703-718.
30. Cooper K.M., Goldstein S.J., Sims K.W.W., Murrell M.T. Uranium-series chronology of Gorda Ridge volcanism: new evidence from the 1996 eruption. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003, 206:459-475.
31. Davis A.S., Clague D.A. Geochemistry, mineralogy, and petrogenesis of basalt from the Gorda Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 1987, 92:10476-10483.
32. Dosso L., Bougault H., Langmuir C.H., Bollinger C., Bonnier O., Etoubleau J. The age and distribution of mantle heterogeneity along the mid-Atlantic ridge (31-41°N). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1999, 170:269-286.
33. 230Th in corals. Science 1987, 236:1547-1553.
34. Elliott T. Fractionation of U and Th during mantle melting: a reprise. Chem. Geol. 1997, 139:165-183.
35. England J.G., Zindler A., Reisberg L.C., Rubenstone J.L., Salters V., Marcantonio F., Bourdon B., Brueckner H., Turner P.J., Weaver S., Read P. The Lamont-Doherty-Geological-Observatory Isolab-54 isotope ratio mass-spectrometer. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 1992, 121:201-240.
36. 230Th disequilibrium in hydrous mantle minerals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66. A228-A228.
37. Fleischer R.L., Price P.B., Walker R.M. Nuclear Tracks in Solids 1975, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
38. Forsyth D.W., Scheirer D.S., Webb S.C., Dorman L.M., Orcutt J.A., Harding A.J., Blackman D.K., Morgan J.P., Detrick R.S., Shen Y., Wolfe C.J., Canales J.P., Toomey D.R., Sheehan A.F., Solomon S.C., Wilcock W.S.D. Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a mid-ocean ridge: the MELT experiment. Science 1998, 280:1215-1218.
39. 226Ra radioactive disequilibria in recent lavas and radon degassing: inferences on the magma chamber dynamics at Stromboli and Merapi volcanoes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1999, 172:111-126.
40. German C.R., Higgs N.C., Thomson J., Mills R., Elderfield H., Blusztajn J., Fleer A.P., Bacon M.P. A geochemical study of metalliferous sediment from the tag hydrothermal mound, 26° 08' N, mid-Atlantic ridge. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 1993, 98:9683-9692.
41. Goldstein S.J., Stirling C.H. Uranium-series Geochemistry 2003, 23-57. B. Bourdon, G.M. Henderson, C.C. Lundstrom, S.P. Turner (Eds.).
42. Goldstein S.J., Murrell M.T., Janecky D.R. Th and U isotopic systematics of basalts from the Juan-De Fuca and Gorda Ridges by mass-spectrometry. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1989, 96:134-146.
43. 230Th disequilibrium. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1991, 107:25-41.
44. 230Th chronology of mid-ocean ridge basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 115:151-159.
45. Haymon R.M., Fornari D.J., Edwards M.H., Carbotte S., Wright D., Macdonald K.C. Hydrothermal vent distribution along the East Pacific Rise crest (9°09'--54' N) and its relationship to magmatic and tectonic processes on fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1991, 104:513-534.
46. Haymon R.M., Fornari D.J., Vondamm K.L., Lilley M.D., Perfit M.R., Edmond J.M., Shanks W.C., Lutz R.A., Grebmeier J.M., Carbotte S., Wright D., McLaughlin E., Smith M., Beedle N., Olson E. Volcanic-eruption of the mid-ocean ridge along the East Pacific Rise crest at 9°45-52'N-direct submersible observations of sea-floor phenomena associated with an eruption event in April, 1991. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 119:85-101.
47. Hellebrand E., Snow J.E., Hoppe P., Hofmann A.W. Garnet-field melting and late-stage refertilization in 'residual' abyssal peridotites from the Central Indian Ridge. J. Petrol. 2002, 43:2305-2338.
48. Hirschmann M.M. Mantle solidus: experimental constraints and the effects of peridotite composition. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2000, 1. article no. 0070.
49. Hofmann A.W., White W.M. Ba, Rb, and Cs in the earths mantle. Z. Naturfors. Sec. A: J. Phys. Sci. 1983, 38:256-266.
50. Holden N.E. Total and spontaneous fission half-lives for uranium, plutonium, americium, and curium nuclides. Pure Appl. Chem. 1989, 61:1483-1504.
51. Ivanovich M., Harmon R.S. Uranium-series Disequilibrium: Applications to Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences 1992, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 910pp.
52. Iwamori H. Dynamic disequilibrium melting model with porous flow and diffusion-controlled chemical equilibration. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 114:301-313.
53. Iwamori H. A model for disequilibrium mantle melting incorporating melt transport by porous and channel flows. Nature 1993, 366:734-737.
54. 231Pa disequilibria produced by mantle melting with porous and channel flows. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1994, 125:1-16.
55. Jaffey A. H., Flynn K. F., Glendenin L. E., Bentley W. C., and Essling A. M. (1971) Precision measurement of half-lives and specific activities of 235U and 238U. Phys. Rev. C 4, 1889-1906.
56. Johnson K.T.M., Dick H.J.B. Open system melting and temporal and spatial variation of peridotite and basalt at the Atlantis-II fracture-zone. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 1992, 97:9219-9241.
57. Johnson K. T. M., Dick H. J. B., and Shimizu N. (1990) Melting in the oceanic upper mantle-an ion microprobe study of diopsides in abyssal peridotites. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 95, 2661-2678.
58. Jull M., Kelemen P.B., Sims K. Consequences of diffuse and channelled porous melt migration on uranium series disequilibria. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66:4133-4148.
59. Kelemen P.B., Dick H.J.B. Focused melt flow and localized deformation in the upper mantle: Juxtaposition of replacive dunite and ductile shear zones in the Josephine peridotite, SW Oregon. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100:423-438.
60. Kelemen P.B., Shimizu N., Salters V.J.M. Extraction of mid-ocean-ridge basalt from the upwelling mantle by focused flow of melt in dunite channels. Nature 1995, 375:747-753.
61. Kelemen P.B., Whitehead J.A., Aharonov E., Jordahl K.A. Experiments on flow focusing in soluble porous-media, with applications to melt extraction from the Mantle. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 1995, 100:475-496.
62. Kelemen P.B., Hirth G., Shimizu N., Spiegelman M., Dick H.J.B. A review of melt migration processes in the adiabatically upwelling mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 1997, 355:283-318.
63. Kelemen P.B., Braun M.G., Hirth G. Spatial distribution of melt conduits in the mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges: observations from the Ingalls and Oman ophiolites. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2000, 1. article no. 0012.
64. Klein E. M. and Langmuir C. H. (1987) Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness. 92, 8089-8115.
65. Klein E. M. and Langmuir C. H. (1989) Local versus global variations in ocean ridge basalt composition-a reply. 94, 4241-4252.
66. 238U decay chain nuclides during magma formation and volcanism. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:505-511.
67. Lalou C., Reyss J.L., Brichet E. Actinide-series disequilibrium as a tool to establish the chronology of deep-sea hydrothermal activity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993, 57:1221-1231.
68. Landwehr D., Blundy J., Chamorro-Perez E.M., Hill E., Wood B. U-series disequilibria generated by partial melting of spinel lherzolite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 188:329-348.
69. Langmuir C.H., Bender J.F., Bence A.E., Hanson G.N., Taylor S.R. Petrogenesis of basalts from the famous area, mid-Atlantic ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1977, 36:133-156.
70. Langmuir C.H., Klein E.M., Plank T. Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-ocean Ridges. Petrological systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalts: constraints on melt generation beneath ocean ridges 1992, vol. 71:183-280. American Geophysical Union. J.P. Morgan, D.K. Blackman, J. Sinton (Eds.).
71. LaTourrette T.Z., Burnett D.S. Experimental-determination of U-partitioning and Th-partitioning between clinopyroxene and natural and synthetic basaltic liquid. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1992, 110:227-244.
72. LaTourrette T.Z., Kennedy A.K., Wasserburg G.J. Thorium-uranium fractionation by garnet: evidence for a deep source and rapid rise of oceanic basalts. Science 1993, 261:739-742.
73. 230Th in volcanic rocks. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 203:187-198.
74. Lundstrom C.C. Models of U-series disequilibria generation in MORB: the effects of two scales of melt porosity. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2000, 121:189-204.
75. Lundstrom C.C. Uranium-series Goechemistry. Disequilibria in mid-ocean ridge basalts: observations and models of basalt genesis 2003, vol. 52:175-214. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC. B. Bourdon, G.M. Henderson, C.C. Lundstrom, S.P. Turner (Eds.).
76. Lundstrom C.C., Shaw H.F., Ryerson F.J., Phinney D.L., Gill J.B., Williams Q. Compositional controls on the partitioning of U, Th, Ba, Pb, Sr, and Zr between clinopyroxene and haplobaslatic melts: implications for uranium series disequilibria in basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1994, 128:407-423.
77. Lundstrom C.C., Gill J., Williams Q., Perfit M.R. Mantle melting and basalt extraction by equilibrium porous flow. Science 1995, 270:1958-1961.
78. Lundstrom C.C., Gill J., Williams Q., Hanan B.B. Investigating solid mantle upwelling beneath mid-ocean ridges using U-series disequilibria: II. A local study at 33 degrees mid-Atlantic ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1998, 157:167-181.
79. Lundstrom C.C., Williams Q., Gill J.B. Investigating solid mantle upwelling rates beneath mid-ocean ridges using U-series disequilibria: 1. A global approach. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1998, 157:151-165.
80. Lundstrom C.C., Sampson D.E., Perfit M.R., Gill J., Williams Q. Insights into mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis: U-series disequilibria from the Siqueiros Transform, Lamont Seamounts, and East Pacific Rise. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 1999, 104:13035-13048.
81. Lundstrom C.C., Gill J., Williams Q. A goechemically consistent hypothesis for MORB generation. Chem. Geol. 2000, 162:105-126.
82. 238U measurements using energy-filtered ICP magnetic sector multiple collector mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 171:105-117.
83. Macdonald K. C., Haymon R. M., Miller S. P., Sempere J. C., and Fox P. J. (1988) Deep-tow and sea beam studies of dueling propagating ridges on the East Pacific Rise near 20° 40' S. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth Planets 93, 2875--2898.
84. Maclennan J., McKenzie D., Gronvold K. Plume-driven upwelling under central Iceland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 194:67-82.
85. McDade P., Wood B.J., Blundy J.D., Dalton J.A. Trace element partitioning at 3.0 GPa on the anhydrous garnet peridotite solidus. J. Petrol. 2003, accepted.
86. 238U disequilibrium and the melting processes beneath ridge axes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1985, 72:149-157.
87. McKenzie D., Bickle M.J. The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere. J. Petrol. 1988, 29:625-679.
88. Meadows J. W., Armani R. J., Calis E. L., and Essling A. M. (1980) Half-life of 230Th. 22, 750-754.
89. Moore W.S., Stakes D. Ages of barite-sulfide chimneys from the mariana trough. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1990, 100:265-274.
90. Murton M.J., Taylor R.N., Thirlwall M.F. Plume-ridge interaction: a geochemical perspective from the Reykjanes ridge. J. Petrol. 2002, 43:1987-2012.
91. Newman S., Finkel R.C., Macdougall J.D. Th-230-U-238 disequilibrium systematics in oceanic tholeiites from 21° N on the East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1983, 65:17-33.
92. Osmond J.K. Uranium-series fractionation in mafic extrusives. Appl. Geochem. 2003, 18:127-134.
93. 230Th constraints on mantle upwelling and plume-ridge interaction along the Reykjanes ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 187:259-272.
94. Perfit M.R., Chadwick W.W. Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-ocean Ridges. Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: constraints from volcanological and geochemical investigations 1998, vol. 106:59-115. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. W.R. Buck, P.T. Delaney, J.A. Karson, Y. Lagabrielle (Eds.).
95. 238U disequilibria in volcanic rocks using plasma ionization multicollector mass spectrometry. Chem. Geol. 2002, 188:171-191.
96. Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolosky S.A., Vetterling W.T. Numerical Recipes 1992, Cambridge University Press, New York.
97. Prinzhoffer A., Lewin E., Allègre C.J. Stochastic melting of the marble cake mantle: evidence from local study of the East Pacific Rise at 12°50'N. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1989, 92:189-206.
98. Qin Z. Disequilibrium partial melting model and its implications for trace element fractionations during mantle melting. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1992, 112:75-90.
99. 231Pa disequilibria. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993, 57:1629-1634.
100. 230Th fractionation in young basaltic glasses from the East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1989, 94:199-207.
101. Ribe N.M. The generation and composition of partial melts in the Earths mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1985, 73:361-376.
102. Richardson C., McKenzie D. Radioactive disequilibria from 2d models of melt generation by plumes and ridges. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1994, 128:425-437.
103. 230Th in volcanic rocks: a comparison of thermal ionization mass spectrometry and other methodologies. Chem. Geol. 2001, 175:723-750.
104. 226Ra-excesses in mid-ocean-ridge basalts and mantle melting. Nature 1988, 335:158-161.
105. 230Th) disequilibrium. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1990, 101:313-322.
106. Rubin K.H., Macdougall J.D. Th-Sr isotopic relationships in morb. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1992, 114:149-157.
107. 210Pb dating of recent volcanic-eruptions on the seafloor. Nature 1994, 368:841-844.
108. Rubin K.H., Smith M.C., Perfit M.R., Christie D.M., Sacks L.F. Geochronology and goechemistry of lavas from the 1996 North Gorda Ridge eruption. Deep-sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 1998, 45:2571-2597.
109. Rubin K. H., Macdougall J. D., Schilling J.-G., and Sacks L. F. (2000) A role for active MOR processes in mantle heterogeneity during plume-ridge interaction at the Easter microplate. EOS, Trans., AGU 81 (abstract V21D-09).
110. Rubin K. H., Smith C. W., Sacks L. F., Sinton J., and Bergmanis P. (2001) 238U- 230Th- 226Ra- 210Pb constraints on eruption timing for discrete lava flows on the S-EPR EOS, Trans., AGU 82, (abstract V12A-0957).
111. Saal A.E., Van Orman J.A., Hauri E.H., Langmuir C.H., Perfit M.R. An alternative hypothesis for the origin of the high Ra-226 excess in MORBs. EOS, Trans., AGU 2002, 83:A659. Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstr. V71C-01.
112. Saal A.E., Van Orman J.A., Hauri E.H., Langmuir C.H., Perfit M.R. An alternative hypothesis for the origin of the high Ra-226 excess in mid-ocean ridge basalts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66:A659.
113. Salters V.J.M., Hart S.R. The hafnium paradox and the role of garnet in the source of mid-ocean-ridge basalts. Nature 1989, 342:420-422.
114. Salters V.J.M., Longhi J.E. Trace element partitioning during the initial stages of melting beneath mid-ocean ridges. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1999, 166:15-30.
115. Salters V.J.M., Longhi J.E., Bizimis M. Near mantle solidus trace element partitioning at pressures up to 3.4 GPa. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2002, 3:1038.
116. Schilling J.-G. (1973) The Icelandic plume, geochemical evidence along the Reykjanes ridge. 242, 565-571.
117. Seitz M.G. Uranium and thorium diffusion in diopside and fluorapatite. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Yearb. 1973, 72:586-588.
118. Shimizu N., Grove T.L. Geochemical studies of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from ridges and arcs. EOS, Trans., AGU 1998, 79:F1002.
119. 231Pa during pulsed hydrothermal activity at 20-degrees-S, East Pacific Rise. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1988, 52:669-677.
120. Sigmarsson O. Short magma chamber residence time at an Icelandic volcano inferred from U-series disequilibria. Nature 1996, 382:440-442.
121. Sims K.W.W., Depaolo D.J., Murrell M.T., Baldridge W.S., Goldstein S.J., Clague D.A. Mechanisms of magma generation beneath Hawaii and mid-ocean ridges-uranium/thorium and samarium/neodymium isotopic evidence. Science 1995, 267:508-512.
122. 231Pa disequilibria. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1999, 63:4119-4138.
123. Sims K. W. W., Mattielli N., Elliott T., Kelemen P., DePaolo D. J., Mertz D. F., Devey C., and Murrell M. T. (2001) 238U and 230Th excesses in Kolbeinsey Ridge basalts. EOS, Trans., AGU 82, (abstract V12A-0925).
124. Sims K.W.W., Goldstein S.J., Blichert-Toft J., Perfit M.R., Kelemen P., Fornari D.J., Michael P., Murrell M.T., Hart S.R., DePaolo D.J., Layne G., Ball L., Jull M., Bender J. Chemical and isotopic constraints on the generation and transport of magma beneath the East Pacific Rise. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66:3481-3504.
125. Sims K. W. W., Blichert-Toft J., Fornari D. J., Perfit M. R., Goldstein S. J., Johnson P., DePaolo D. J., Hart S. R., Murrell M. T., Michael P., Layne G., and Ball L. (xxxx) Aberrant youth: chemical and isotopic constraints on the origin of off-axis lavas from the East Pacific Rise, 9°-10°N. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. (in press).
126. Slater L., McKenzie D., Gronvold K., Shimizu N. Melt generation and movement beneath Theistareykir, NE Iceland. J. Petrol. 2001, 42:321-354.
127. Sobolev A.V., Shimizu N. Super depleted melts and ocean mantle permeability. DokladyRossiyskoy Akademii Nauk 1992, 326:354-360.
128. Sobolev A.V., Shimizu N. Ultra-depleted primary melt included in an olivine from the mid-Atlantic ridge. 1993, 363:151-154.
129. Spiegelman M. Geochemical consequences of melt transport in 2-D: the sensitivity of trace elements to mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1996, 139:115-132.
130. Spiegelman M. UserCalc: a web-based U-series calculator for mantle melting problems. Geochim. Geophys. Geosys. 2000, 1. article no. 0030.
131. Spiegelman M., Elliott T. Consequences of melt transport for uranium series disequilibrium in young lavas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 118:1-20.
132. Spiegelman M., Kelemen P.B. Extreme chemical variability as a consequence of channelized melt transport. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2003, 4, No. 72002GC000336.
133. Spiegelman M., McKenzie D. Simple 2-D models for melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges and island arcs. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1987, 83:137-152.
134. Spiegelman M., Kelemen P.B., Aharonov E. Causes and consequences of flow organization during melt transport: the reaction infiltration instability in compactible media. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 2001, 106:2061-2077.
135. Strang G. Introduction to Linear Algebra 1998, Cambridge Press, Wellesley.
136. Sturm M.E., Goldstein S.J., Klein E.M., Karson J.A., Murrell M.T. Uranium-series age constraints on lavas from the axial valley of the mid-Atlantic ridge, MARK area. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2000, 181:61-70.
137. Thompson W.G., Spiegelman M.W., Goldstein S.L., Speed R.C. An open-system model for U-series age determinations of fossil corals. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003, 210:365-381.
138. Turner S., van Calsteren P., Vigier N., Thomas L. Determination of thorium and uranium isotope ratios in low-concentration geological materials using a fixed multi-collector-ICP-MS. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 2001, 16:612-615.
139. Van Orman J.A., Grove T.L., Shimizu N. Uranium and thorium diffusion in diopside. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1998, 160:505-519.
140. Van Orman J.A., Grove T.L., Shimizu N. Rare earth element diffusion in diopside: influence of temperature, pressure, and ionic radius, and an elastic model for diffusion in silicates. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2001, 141:687-703.
141. Van Orman J.A., Bourdon B., Hauri E.H. A new model for U-series isotope fractionation during igneous processes, with finite diffusion and multiple solid phases. EOS, Trans., AGU 2002, 83. V71C-02.
142. Van Orman J.A., Grove T.L., Shimizu N. Diffusive fractionation of trace elements during production and transport of melt in Earth's upper mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2002, 198:93-112.
143. 230Th disequilibrium in axial and off-axis mid-ocean ridge basalts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993, 57:1233-1241.
144. Volpe A.M., Olivares J.A., Murrell M.T. Determination of radium isotope ratios and abundances in geologic samples by thermal ionization mass-spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63:913-916.
145. von Bargen N. and Waff H. S. (1986) Permeabilities, interfacial-areas and curvatures of partially molten systems-results of numerical computation of equilibrium microstructures. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 91, 9261-9276.
146. White S.M., Macdonald K.C., Sinton J.M. Volcanic mound fields on the East Pacific Rise, 16°-19° S: low effusion rate eruptions at overlapping spreading centers for the past 1 Myr. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 2002, 107. article no. 2240.
147. Williams R.W., Gill J.B. Effects of partial melting on the uranium decay series. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1989, 53:1607-1619.
148. Wood B.J., Blundy J.D., Robinson J.A.C. The role of clinopyroxene in generating U-series disequilibrium during mantle melting. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1999, 63:1613-1620.
149. 2+ ion with thermal ionization mass spectrometry for natural samples. Chem. Geol. 2001, 181:1-12.
150. 231Pa disequilibria in young lavas produced by mantle melting. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2000, 64:1809-1817.
151. 238U disequilibrium. Science 2002, 295:107-110.