Geochemical consequences of melt transport in 2-D: The sensitivity of trace elements to mantle dynamics

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 139, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 115-132

  Spiegelman, Marc ^a  

^a Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University   (United States)

Author keywords

Geochemistry; Mantle; Melts; Open systems; Trace elements; Transport

Indexed keywords

GEOCHEMISTRY; MANTLE DYNAMICS; MELT TRANSPORT; OPEN SYSTEM; TRACE ELEMENT;

EID: 0029768613     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0012-821x(96)00008-8     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. P. Gast, Trace element fractionation and the origin of tholeiitic and alkaline magma types, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 32, 1057-1086, 1968.
2. D.M. Shaw, Trace element fractionation during anatexis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 237-243, 1970.
3. M.J. O'Hara, Importance of the "shape" of the melting regime during partial melting of the mantle, Nature 314, 58-62, 1985.
4. T. Plank and C.H. Langmuir, Effects of the melting regime on the composition of the oceanic crust, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 19,749-19,770, 1992.
5. M.B. Holness and F.M. Richter, Possible effects of spreading rate on MORB isotopic and rare earth composition arising from melting of a heterogeneous source, J. Geol. 97, 247-260, 1989.
6. D.W. Forsyth, Crustal thickness and the average depth and degree of melting in fractional melting models of passive flow beneath mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 16073-16079, 1993.
7. Y. Shen and D.W. Forsyth, The initial and final depths of melting beneath mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 2211-2237, 1995.
8. M.J. O'Hara, Trace element geochemical effects of integrated melt extraction and 'shaped' melting regimes, J. Petrol. 36, 1111-1132, 1995.
9. C.H. Langmuir, J.F. Bender, A.E. Bence, G.N. Hanson and S.R. Taylor, Petrogenesis of basalts from the famous area; mid-Atlantic ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 36, 133-156, 1977.
10. C.H. Langmuir, E. Klein and T. Plank, Petrological systematics of mid-oceanic ridge basalts: constraints on melt generation beneath ocean ridges, in: Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-ocean Ridges, J. Phipps Morgan, D.K. Blackman and J.M. Sinton, eds., Am. Geophys. Union Geophys. Monogr. 71, 183-280, 1992.
11. D. McKenzie and R.K. O'Nions, Partial melt distributions from inversion of rare earth element concentrations, J. Petrol. 32, 1021-1091, 1991.
12. R.S. White, D. McKenzie and K.R. O'Nions. Oceanic crustal thickness from seismic measurements and rare earth element inversions, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 19,683-19,715, 1992.
13. D. McKenzie, The generation and compaction of partially molten rock, J. Petrol. 25, 713-765, 1984.
14. D.R. Scott and D. Stevenson, Magma solitons, Geophys. Res. Lett. 11, 1161-1164, 1984.
15. D.R. Scott and D. Stevenson, Magma ascent by porous flow, J. Geophys. Res 91, 9283-9296, 1986.
16. M. Spiegelman, Flow in deformable porous media. Part 1. Simple analysis, J. Fluid Mech. 247, 17-38, 1993.
17. M. Spiegelman, Flow in deformable porous media. Part 2. Numerical analysis - the relationship between shock waves and solitary waves, J. Fluid Mech. 247, 39-63, 1993.
18. M. Spiegelman, Physics of melt extraction: Theory, implications and applications, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A 342, 23-41, 1993.
19. N.M. Ribe, The generation and composition of partial melts in the earth's mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 361-376, 1985.
20. M. Spiegelman and T. Elliott, Consequences of melt transport for U-series disequilibrium in young lavas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 118, 1-20, 1993.
21. F.M. Richter, Simple models of trace element fractionation during melt segregation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 77, 333-344, 1986.
22. O. Navon and E. Stolper, Geochemical consequences of melt percolation: the upper mantle as a chromatographic column, J. Geol. 95, 285-307, 1987.
23. N.M. Ribe, Dynamical geochemistry of the Hawaiian plume, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 88, 37-46, 1988.
24. D.J. Stevenson and D.R. Scott, Mechanics of fluid-rock systems, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 305-339, 1991.
25. D.R. Scott, Small-scale convection and mantle melting beneath mid-ocean ridges, in: Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-ocean Ridges, J. Phipps Morgan, D.K. Blackman and J.M. Sinton, eds., Am. Geophys. Union Geophys. Monogr. 71, 327-352, 1992.
26. M. Spiegelman and P. Kenyon, The requirements for chemical disequilibrium during magma migration, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 109, 611-620, 1992.
27. M. Spiegelman and D. McKenzie, Simple 2-D models for melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges and island arcs, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 83, 137-152, 1987.
28. J. Phipps Morgan, Melt migration beneath mid-ocean spreading centers, Geophys. Res. Lett. 14, 1238-1241, 1987.
29. N.M. Ribe, On the dynamics of mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 429-436, 1988.
30. M. Rabinowicz, A. Nicolas and J. Vigneresse. A rolling mill effect in the asthenosphere beneath oceanic spreading centers, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 67, 97-108, 1984.
31. D.R. Scott and D.J. Stevenson, A self-consistent model of melting, magma migration and buoyancy-driven circulation beneath mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 2973-2988, 1989.
32. W.R. Buck and W. Su, Focused mantle upwelling below mid-ocean ridges due to feedback between viscosity and melting, Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 641-644, 1989.
33. W. Su and R.W. Buck, Buoyancy effects on mantle flow under mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 12,191-12,205, 1993.
34. M.J. Cordery and J. Phipps Morgan, Melting and mantle flow beneath a mid-ocean spreading center, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 111, 493-516, 1992.
35. M.J. Cordery and J. Phipps Morgan, Convection and melting at mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 19,477-19,503, 1993.
36. K. Jha, E.M. Parmentier and J. Phipps Morgan, The role of mantle-depletion and melt-retention buoyancy in spreading-center segmentation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 125, 221-234, 1994.
37. H. Iwamori, Dynamic disequilibrium melting model with porous flow and diffusion-controlled chemical equilibration, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 114, 301-313, 1993.
38. 231Pa disequilibria produced by mantle melting with porous and channel flows, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 125, 1-16, 1994.
39. T. Plank, M. Spiegelman, C.H. Langmuir and D.W. Forsyth, The meaning of "mean F": Clarifying the mean extent of melting at ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 15,045-15,441, 1995.
40. J. Reynolds, Segment scale systematics of mid-ocean ridge magmatism and geochemistry, Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia Univ./LDEO, 1995.
41. A.W. Hofmann, Chemical differentiation of the earth: Relationship between mantle, continental crust and oceanic crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 297-314, 1988.
42. S.S. Sun and W.F. McDonough, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts; implications for mantle composition and processes, in: Magmatism in the Ocean Basins, A.D. Saunders and M.J. Norry, eds., Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 42, 313-345, 1989.
43. W.F. McDonough and F.A. Frey, REE in upper mantle rocks, in: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements, B. Lipin and G.R. McKay, eds., pp, 99-145, Mineral. Soc. Am., 1989.
44. M.M. Hirschmann, E.M. Stolper and M.S. Ghiorso, Perspeclives on shallow mantle melting from thermodynamic calculations. Mineral. Mag. 58a, 418-419, 1994.
45. P. Asimow, M. Hirschmann, M. Ghiorso, M.J. O'Hara and E. Stolper, The effect of pressure induced solid-solid phase transitions on decompression melting of the mantle, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, in press.
46. R.J. Kinzler, Melting of mantle peridotite at pressures approaching the spinel to garnet transition: application to the generation of mid-ocean ridge basalts, J. Geophys. Res., submitted.
47. B. Salters and S. Hart, The hafnium paradox and the role of garnet in the source of mid-ocean ridge basalts, Nature 342, 420-422, 1989.
48. S.R. Hart, Equilibration during mantle melting: A fractal tree model, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11,914-11,918, 1993.
49. K.T.M. Johnson and H.J.B. Dick, Open system melting and temporal and spatial variation of peridotite and basalt at the Atlantis II fracture zone, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 9219-9241, 1992.
50. W.H. Press, B.P. Flannery, S.A. Teukolsky and W.T. Vetterling, Numerical Recipes, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1992.