Venison: Meat from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Animal Frontiers

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 55-61

  Wiklund, Eva ^a,c   Farouk, Mustafa ^b   Finstad, Greg ^c  

^a Food Assurance and Meat Quality Food and Biobased Products ^*  (Sweden)

^b RUAKURA RESEARCH CENTRE   (New Zealand)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

Carcass quality; Color; Meat pH; Nutritional composition; Tenderness; Water holding capacity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84941808596     PISSN: 21606056     EISSN: 21606064     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/af.2014-0034     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. 2003. Regulations for reindeer slaughtering and processing (18 AAC 32.600) and regulations for reindeer for retail sale to or at a market (18 AAC 31.820). State of Alaska, USA
2. Bäck, L. 1993. Reindeer management in conflict and co-operation. A geographic land use and simulation study from northernmost Sweden. Nomad. People. 32:65-80
3. Bader, H.R., and G.L. Finstad. 2001. Conflicts between livestock and wildlife: An analysis of legal liabilities arising from reindeer and caribou competition on the Seward Peninsula of Western Alaska. Environ. Law 31:549-580
4. Barnier, V.M.H., E. Wiklund, A. van Dijk, F.J.M. Smulders, and G. Malmfors. 1999. Proteolytic enzyme and inhibitor levels in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L) vs. bovine longissimus muscle, as they relate to ageing rate and response. Rangifer 19:13-18
5. Carlson, S.M. 2005. Economic impact of reindeer-caribou interactions on the Seward Peninsula. Masters thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
6. Deer Industry New Zealand. 2014. Information and statistics about the New Zealand deer industry. http://deernz.org.nz/about-deer-industry/deer-industry/deerindustry-statistics#.U3oNnShfawM. (Accessed 25 May 2014.)
7. Dransfield, E. 2003. Consumer acceptance-meat quality aspects. In: Proc. 11th Int. Meat Symp. on Consistency of Quality, Pretoria, South Africa. p. 146-159
8. Drew, K.R., and D.L. Seman. 1987. The nutrient content of venison. Proc. Nutr. Soc. NZ 12:49-55
9. Farouk, M.M., M. Beggan, S. Hurst, A. Stuart, P. Dobbie, and A.E.D. Bekhit. 2007. Meat quality attributes of chilled venison and beef. J. Food Qual. 30:1023-1039
10. Farouk, M., E. Wiklund, A. Stuart, and P. Dobbie. 2009. Ageing prior to freezing improves waterholding capacity in beef and venison. In: Proc. 55th Int. Congr. Meat Sci. Technol., Copenhagen, Denmark. p. 781
11. Finstad, G.L., K.K. Kielland, and W.S. Schneider. 2006. Reindeer herding in transition: Historical and modern day challenges for Alaskan reindeer herders. Nomad. People. 10:31-49
12. Finstad, G., E. Wiklund, K. Long, P.J. Rincker, A.C.M. Oliveira, and P.J. Bechtel. 2007. Feeding soy or fish meal to Alaskan reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)-effects on animal performance and meat quality. Rangifer 27:59-75
13. Gill, C.O. 2004. Spoilage, factors affecting, microbiological. In: W. Jensen, editor, Encyclopedia of meat sciences. Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom. p. 1324
14. Gill, C.O., and K.G. Newton. 1981. Microbiology of DFD beef. In: D.E. Hood and P.V. Tarrant, editors, The problem of dark-cutting in beef. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag, The Netherlands. p. 305
15. Hoffman, L.C., and E. Wiklund. 2006. Game and venison-meat for the modern consumer. Meat Sci. 74:197-208
16. Holand, Ø. 2007. Herd composition and slaughtering strategy in reindeer husbandry-revisited. (Article in Norwegian with English abstract.) Rangifer Report 12:21-33
17. Hutchison, C.L., R.C. Mulley, E. Wiklund, and J.S. Flesch. 2012. Effect of concentrate feeding on instrumental meat quality and sensory characteristics of fallow deer venison. Meat Sci. 90:801-806
18. Hutchison, C.L., R.C. Mulley, E. Wiklund, J.S. Flesch, and K. Sims. 2014. Effect of pelvic suspension on instrumental meat quality and sensory characteristics of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) venison. Meat Sci. 98:104-109
19. Lundesjö Ahnström, M. 2008. Influence of pelvic suspension on beef meat quality. Ph.D. thesis no. 2008:61. www.slu.se/sv/om-slu/fristaende-sidor/aktuellt/allanyheter/ 2008/9/morare-notkott-med-backenhangning. Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
20. Muuttoranta, K. 2014. Current state of and prospects for selection in reindeer husbandry. Ph.D. thesis No. 2014:32. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Finland
21. NRCS (Natural Resource Conservation Service), United States Department of Agriculture. 1953. Comptroller General's Opinion B-115665 of 1 Oct. 1953, 33CG:133
22. NRCS (Natural Resource Conservation Service), United States Department of Agriculture. 1954. Amendment No. 4, Title 9, Administrative Regulations, 17 May 1954
23. Pollard, J.C., J.M. Stevenson-Barry, and R.P. Littlejohn. 1999. Factors affecting behaviour, bruising and pH in a deer slaughter premises. Proc. New Zealand Soc. Anim. Prod. 59:148-151
24. Pösö, A.R., U. Heiskari, M. Lindström, M. Nieminen, and T. Soveri. 2001. Muscle fibre growth in undernourished reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) during winter. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 129(2-3):495-500
25. Reindriftsforvaltningen. 2013. Totalregnskap for reindriftsnæringen. Økonomisk utvalg, Nov 2013. Statistics of Norwegian reindeer husbandry (in Norwegian), Reindriftsforvaltningen, Alta, Norway
26. Rincker, P.J., P.J. Bechtel, G. Finstad, R.G.C. van Buuren, J. Killefer, and F.K. McKeith. 2006. Similarities and differences in composition and selected sensory attributes of reindeer, caribou and beef. J. Muscle Foods 17:65-78
27. Sami Parliament Sweden. 2014. Statistics of Swedish reindeer husbandry (in Swedish). http://sametinget.se/statistik_rennaring. (Accessed 25 May 2014)
28. Sampels, S., E. Wiklund, and J. Pickova. 2006. Influence of diet on fatty acids and tocopherols in M. longissimus dorsi from reindeer. Lipids 41:463-472
29. Savell, J.W., S.L. Mueller, and B.E. Baird. 2005. The chilling of carcasses. Meat Sci. 70:449-459
30. Schneider, W.S., K. Kielland, and G. Finstad. 2005. Factors in the adaptation of reindeer herders to caribou on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Arctic Anthropol. 42:36-49
31. Sims, K.L., E. Wiklund, C.L. Hutchison, R.C. Mulley, and R.p. Littlejohn. 2004. Effects of pelvic suspension on the tenderness of meat from fallow deer (Dama dama). In: Proc. 50th Int. Congr. Meat Sci.Technol., Helsinki, Finland. p. 119
32. Staaland, H., and H. Sletten. 1991. Feeding reindeer in Fennoscandia: The use of artificial food. In: L.A. Renecker and R.J. Hudson, editors, Wildlife production, conservation and sustainable development. Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. p. 227
33. Stern, R.O., E.L. Arobio, L.L. Naylor, and W.C. Thomas. 1980. Eskimos, reindeer and land. Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Bulletin 59
34. Stevenson-Barry, J., S. Duncan, and R. Littlejohn. 1999. Venison vitamin E levels and the relationship between vitamin E, iron and copper and display life for venison and beef. In: Proc. 45th Int. Congr. Meat Sci. Technol., Yokohama, Japan. p. 458
35. Suttie, J.M., and J.R. Webster. 1998. Are arctic ungulates physiologically unique? Rangifer 18:99-118
36. Swedish National Food Agency.1993. Regulations regarding meat inspection etc. at reindeer slaughter. SLV FS 1993:5, H 197:2 (in Swedish)
37. Swedish National Food Agency. 2014. Nutritional analyses of reindeer and red deer venison, lamb and beef. www.slv.se/en-gb/Group1/Food-and-Nutrition/The-Food-Database/. (Accessed 24 June 2014.)
38. Taylor, R.G., R. Labas, F.J.M. Smulders, and E. Wiklund. 2002. Ultrastructural changes during ageing in M. longissimus from moose (Alces alces) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Meat Sci. 60:321-326
39. Wiklund, E. 2011. Microbiological shelf life of fresh, chilled reindeer meat (M. longissimus dorsi). Rangifer 31:85-90
40. Wiklund, E., A. Andersson, G. Malmfors, K. Lundström, and ö. Danell. 1995. Ultimate pH values in reindeer meat with particular regard to animal sex & age, muscle and transport distance. Rangifer 15:47-54
41. Wiklund, E., G.W.Asher, J.A. Archer, J.F. Ward, and R. Littlejohn. 2008a. Carcass and meat quality characteristics in young red deer stags of different growth rates. Proc. New Zealand Soc. Anim. Prod. 68:174-177
42. Wiklund, E., V.M.H. Barnier, F.J.M. Smulders, K. Lundström, and G. Malmfors. 1997. Proteolysis and tenderisation in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L) bull longissimus thoracis muscle of various ultimate pH. Meat Sci. 46:33-43
43. Wiklund, E., P. Dobbie, A. Stuart, and R.p. Littlejohn. 2010a. Seasonal variation in red deer (Cervus elaphus) venison drip loss, calpain activity, colour and tenderness. Meat Sci. 86:720-772
44. Wiklund, E., Finstad, G., Aguiar, G. and Bechtel. 2012. Does carcass suspension technique influence reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) meat quality attributes? Anim. Prod. Sci. 52:731-734
45. Wiklund, E., G. Finstad, L. Johansson, G. Aguiar, and P.J. Bechtel. 2008b. Carcass composition and yield of Alaskan reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) steers and effects of electrical stimulation applied during field slaughter on meat quality. Meat Sci. 78:185-193
46. Wiklund, E., L. Johansson, and G. Malmfors. 2003a. Sensory meat quality, ultimate pH values, blood parameters and carcass characteristics in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L) grazed on natural pastures or fed a commercial feed mixture. Food Qual. Prefer. 14:573-581
47. Wiklund, E., R. Kemp, G.J. le Roux, Y. Li, and G. Wu. 2010b. Spray chilling of deer carcasses-effects on carcass weight, meat moisture content, purge and microbiological quality. Meat Sci. 86:926-930
48. Wiklund, E., T.R. Manley, R.P. Littlejohn, and J.M. Stevenson-Barry. 2003b. Fatty acid composition and sensory quality of M. longissimus and carcass parameters in red deer (Cervus elaphus) grazed on natural pasture or fed a commercial feed mixture. J. Sci. Food Agric. 83:419-424
49. Wiklund, E., and F.J.M. Smulders. 2011. Muscle biological and biochemical ramifications of farmed game husbandry with focus on deer and reindeer. In: P. Paulsen, A. Bauer, M. Vodansky, R. Winkelmayer, and F.J.M. Smulders, editors, Game meat hygiene in focus. Microbiology, epidemiology, risk analysis and quality. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. p. 297
50. Wood, J.D., M. Enser, A.V. Fisher, G.R. Nute, P.R. Sheard, R.J. Richardson, S.J. Hughes, and F.M. Whittington. 2008. Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci. 66:21-32
51. Young, O., and J. West. 2001. Meat colour. In: Y.H. Hui, W.K. Nip, R. Rogers, and O. Young, editors, Meat science and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. p. 39