Seasonal and Particle Size-Dependent Variations of Hexabromocyclododecanes in Settled Dust: Implications for Sampling

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 49, Issue 18, 2015, Pages 11151-11157

  Cao, Zhiguo ^a,b,c   Xu, Fuchao ^b   Li, Wenchao ^b,c   Sun, Jianhui ^a   Shen, Mohai ^a   Su, Xianfa ^a   Feng, Jinglan ^a   Yu, Gang ^c   Covaci, Adrian ^b  

^a HENAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^c TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DUST; ION BEAMS; PARTICLE SIZE; SCHOOL BUILDINGS;

DUST COLLECTED; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANES; MICROENVIRONMENTS; SEASONAL TRENDS; SEASONAL VARIATION; SIZE DEPENDENT; SIZE SELECTION;

PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS;

DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE; BROMINATED HYDROCARBON; DUST; POLLUTANT;

AIR QUALITY; BROMINE COMPOUND; COMPOSITE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; INDOOR AIR; PARTICLE SIZE; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAMPLING; SEASONAL VARIATION; STOCKHOLM CONVENTION; TREND ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; CHINA; CONTAMINATION; DUST; HUMAN; KINDERGARTEN; MICROENVIRONMENT; PARTICLE SIZE; SEASONAL VARIATION; STEREOISOMERISM; SUMMER; WINTER; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; POLLUTANT; SEASON; WORKPLACE;

CHINA;

ANALYTIC SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS; CHINA; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HUMANS; HYDROCARBONS, BROMINATED; PARTICLE SIZE; SEASONS; STEREOISOMERISM; WORKPLACE;

EID: 84941695600     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01717     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Harrad, S.; de Wit, C. A.; Abdallah, M. A. E.; Bergh, C.; Bjorklund, J. A.; Covaci, A.; Darnerud, P. O.; de Boer, J.; Diamond, M.; Huber, S.; Leonards, P.; Mandalakis, M.; Oestman, C.; Haug, L. S.; Thomsen, C.; Webster, T. F. Indoor Contamination with Hexabromocyclododecanes, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Perfluoroalkyl Compounds: An Important Exposure Pathway for People? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (9) 3221-3231 10.1021/es903476t
2. Weil, E. D.; Levchik, S. V. Flame retardants for polystyrenes in commercial use or development J. Fire Sci. 2007, 25 (3) 241-265 10.1177/0734904107071607
3. Covaci, A.; Gerecke, A. C.; Law, R. J.; Voorspoels, S.; Kohler, M.; Heeb, N. V.; Leslie, H.; Allchin, C. R.; de Boer, J. Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in the environment and humans: A review Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (12) 3679-3688 10.1021/es0602492
4. Marvin, C. H.; Tomy, G. T.; Armitage, J. M.; Arnot, J. A.; McCarty, L.; Covaci, A.; Palace, V. Hexabromocyclododecane: Current Understanding of Chemistry, Environmental Fate and Toxicology and Implications for Global Management Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (20) 8613-8623 10.1021/es201548c
5. Schreder, E. D.; La Guardia, M. J. Flame retardant transfers from u.s. Households (dust and laundry wastewater) to the aquatic environment Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (19) 11575-83 10.1021/es502227h
6. Rauert, C.; Harrad, S.; Suzuki, G.; Takigami, H.; Uchida, N.; Takata, K. Test chamber and forensic microscopy investigation of the transfer of brominated flame retardants into indoor dust via abrasion of source materials Sci. Total Environ. 2014, 493, 639-648 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.029
7. Roosens, L.; Abdallah, M. A. E.; Harrad, S.; Neels, H.; Covaci, A. Exposure to Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) via Dust Ingestion, but Not Diet, Correlates with Concentrations in Human Serum: Preliminary Results Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117 (11) 1707-1712 10.1289/ehp.0900869
8. Koch, C.; Schmidt-Kötters, T.; Rupp, R.; Sures, B. Review of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) with a focus on legislation and recent publications concerning toxicokinetics and -dynamics Environ. Pollut. 2015, 199, 26-34 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.011
9. Eulaers, I.; Jaspers, V. L. B.; Pinxten, R.; Covaci, A.; Eens, M. Legacy and current-use brominated flame retardants in the Barn Owl Sci. Total Environ. 2014, 472, 454-462 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.054
10. Butte, W.; Heinzow, B. Pollutants in house dust as indicators of indoor contamination Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2002, 175, 1-46
11. Fromme, H.; Hilger, B.; Kopp, E.; Miserok, M.; Voelkel, W. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and novel brominated flame retardants in house dust in Germany Environ. Int. 2014, 64, 61-68 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.017
12. Cao, Z. G.; Yu, G.; Chen, Y. S.; Cao, Q. M.; Fiedler, H.; Deng, S. B.; Huang, J.; Wang, B. Particle size: A missing factor in risk assessment of human exposure to toxic chemicals in settled indoor dust Environ. Int. 2012, 49, 24-30 10.1016/j.envint.2012.08.010
13. Cao, Z. G.; Yu, G.; Wang, B.; Huang, J.; Deng, S. B. Human Exposure Assessment of Indoor Dust: Importance of Particle Size and Spatial Position Environ. Health Perspect. 2013, 121 (4) A110-A110 10.1289/ehp.1206470
14. Cao, Z. G.; Xu, F. C.; Covaci, A.; Wu, M.; Yu, G.; Wang, B.; Deng, S. B.; Huang, J. Differences in the seasonal variation of brominated and phosphorus flame retardants in office dust Environ. Int. 2014, 65, 100-106 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.011
15. Cao, Z. G.; Xu, F. C.; Covaci, A.; Wu, M.; Wang, H.; Yu, G.; Wang, B.; Deng, S. B.; Huang, J.; Wang, X. Y. Distribution Patterns of Brominated, Chlorinated, and Phosphorus Flame Retardants with Particle Size in Indoor and Outdoor Dust and Implications for Human Exposure Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (15) 8839-8846 10.1021/es501224b
16. Harrad, S.; Abdallah, M. A. E.; Covaci, A. Causes of variability in concentrations and diastereomer patterns of hexabromocyclododecanes in indoor dust Environ. Int. 2009, 35 (3) 573-579 10.1016/j.envint.2008.10.005
17. Bjorklund, J. A.; Sellstrom, U.; de Wit, C. A.; Aune, M.; Lignell, S.; Darnerud, P. O. Comparisons of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane concentrations in dust collected with two sampling methods and matched breast milk samples Indoor Air 2012, 22 (4) 279-288 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00765.x
18. Law, R. J.; Covaci, A.; Harrad, S.; Herzke, D.; Abdallah, M. A. E.; Fernie, K.; Toms, L. M. L.; Takigami, H. Levels and trends of PBDEs and HBCDs in the global environment: Status at the end of 2012 Environ. Int. 2014, 65, 147-158 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.006
19. Hazrati, S.; Harrad, S.; Alighadri, M.; Sadeghi, H.; Mokhtari, A.; Gharari, N.; Rahimzadeh, S. Passive air sampling survey of polybrominated diphenyl ether in private cars: implications for sources and human exposure Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 2010, 7 (2) 157-164
20. Abdallah, M. A. E.; Harrad, S.; Ibarra, C.; Diamond, M.; Melymuk, L.; Robson, M.; Covaci, A. Hexabromocyclododecanes in indoor dust from Canada, the United Kingdom, and-the United States Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42 (2) 459-464 10.1021/es702378t
21. Shi, B.; Bai, X. Supply and Demand in China Kerosene Market Chem. Tech. Econom. 2006, 24 (9) 14-24 (in Chinese)
22. de Wit, C. A.; Bjorklund, J. A.; Thuresson, K. Tri-decabrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in indoor air and dust from Stockholm microenvironments 2: Indoor sources and human exposure Environ. Int. 2012, 39 (1) 141-147 10.1016/j.envint.2011.11.001
23. Abdallah, M. A. E.; Harrad, S.; Covaci, A. Hexabromocyclododecanes and tetrabromobisphenol-A in indoor air and dust in Birmingham, UK: Implications for human exposure Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42 (18) 6855-6861 10.1021/es801110a
24. Stapleton, H. M.; Misenheimer, J.; Hoffman, K.; Webster, T. F. Flame retardant associations between children's handwipes and house dust Chemosphere 2014, 116, 54-60 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.100
25. Abdallah, M. A. E.; Harrad, S. Personal exposure to HBCDs and its degradation products via ingestion of indoor dust Environ. Int. 2009, 35 (6) 870-876 10.1016/j.envint.2009.03.002
26. Ni, H. G.; Zeng, H. HBCD and TBBPA in particulate phase of indoor air in Shenzhen, China Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 458-460, 15-19 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.003
27. Wu, M. H.; Zhu, J. Y.; Tang, L.; Liu, N.; Peng, B. Q.; Sun, R.; Xu, G. Hexabromocyclododecanes in surface sediments from Shanghai, China: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation and diastereoisomer-specific profiles Chemosphere 2014, 111, 304-311 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.031
28. Zhang, Y.; Ruan, Y.; Sun, H.; Zhao, L.; Gan, Z. Hexabromocyclododecanes in surface sediments and a sediment core from Rivers and Harbor in the northern Chinese city of Tianjin Chemosphere 2013, 90 (5) 1610-1616 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.037
29. Dodson, R. E.; Perovich, L. J.; Covaci, A.; Van den Eede, N.; Ionas, A. C.; Dirtu, A. C.; Brody, J. G.; Rudel, R. A. After the PBDE Phase-Out: A Broad Suite of Flame Retardants in Repeat House Dust Samples from California Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (24) 13056-13066 10.1021/es303879n
30. Morawska, L.; Salthammer, T. Indoor Environment: Airborne Particles and Settled Dust; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
31. Van den Eede, N.; Dirtu, A. C.; Ali, N.; Neels, H.; Covaci, A. Multi-residue method for the determination of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust Talanta 2012, 89, 292-300 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.031
32. Kalachova, K.; Hradkova, P.; Lankova, D.; Hajslova, J.; Pulkrabova, J. Occurrence of brominated flame retardants in household and car dust from the Czech Republic Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 441, 182-193 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.061
33. Allen, J. G.; Stapleton, H. M.; Vallarino, J.; McNeely, E.; McClean, M. D.; Harrad, S. J.; Rauert, C. B.; Spengler, J. D. Exposure to flame retardant chemicals on commercial airplanes Environ. Health 2013, 12, 17 10.1186/1476-069X-12-17
34. Cao, Z. G.; Yu, G.; Chen, Y. S.; Liu, C.; Liu, K.; Zhang, T. T.; Wang, B.; Deng, S. B.; Huang, J. Mechanisms influencing the BFR distribution patterns in office dust and implications for estimating human exposure J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 252-253, 11-18 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.043
35. Rauert, C.; Lazarov, B.; Harrad, S.; Covaci, A.; Stranger, M. A review of chamber experiments for determining specific emission rates and investigating migration pathways of flame retardants Atmos. Environ. 2014, 82, 44-55 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.003
36. Remberger, M.; Sternbeck, J.; Palm, A.; Kaj, L.; Stromberg, K.; Brorstrom-Lunden, E. The environmental occurrence of hexabromocyclododecane in Sweden Chemosphere 2004, 54 (1) 9-21 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00758-6
37. Zhang, H.; Kuo, Y. Y.; Gerecke, A. C.; Wang, J. Co-Release of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and Nano- and Microparticles from Thermal Cutting of Polystyrene Foams Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (20) 10990-10996 10.1021/es302559v
38. Kajiwara, N.; Sueoka, M.; Ohiwa, T.; Takigami, H. Determination of flame-retardant hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers in textiles Chemosphere 2009, 74 (11) 1485-1489 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.046
39. Julander, A.; Westberg, H.; Engwall, M.; van Bavel, B. Distribution of brominated flame retardants in different dust fractions in air from an electronics recycling facility Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 350 (1-3) 151-160 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.015
40. Okonski, K.; Degrendele, C.; Melymuk, L.; Landlova, L.; Kukucka, P.; Vojta, S.; Kohoutek, J.; Cupr, P.; Klanova, J. Particle Size Distribution of Halogenated Flame Retardants and Implications for Atmospheric Deposition and Transport Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (24) 14426-14434 10.1021/es5044547
41. Choate, L. M.; Ranville, J. F.; Bunge, A. L.; Macalady, D. L. Dermally adhered soil: 1. Amount and particle-size distribution Integr. Environ. Assess. Manage. 2006, 2 (4) 375-84 10.1002/ieam.5630020409
42. Ali, N.; Dirtu, A. C.; Van den Eede, N.; Goosey, E.; Harrad, S.; Neels, H.; t Mannetje, A.; Coakley, J.; Douwes, J.; Covaci, A. Occurrence of alternative flame retardants in indoor dust from New Zealand: Indoor sources and human exposure assessment Chemosphere 2012, 88 (11) 1276-1282 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.100
43. Sahlstrom, L.; Sellstrom, U.; de Wit, C. A. Clean-up method for determination of established and emerging brominated flame retardants in dust Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 404 (2) 459-466 10.1007/s00216-012-6160-y