Learning Compact Binary Face Descriptor for Face Recognition

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Volumn 37, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 2041-2056

  Lu, Jiwen ^a   Liong, Venice Erin ^b   Zhou, Xiuzhuang ^c   Zhou, Jie ^a  

^a TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^c CAPITAL NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

binary feature; biometrics; compact feature; Face recognition; feature learning; heterogeneous face matching

Indexed keywords

BINARY CODES; BIOMETRICS; PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEMS; PIXELS;

BINARY FEATURES; COMPACT FEATURES; FACE MATCHING; FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS; FEATURE LEARNING; HETEROGENEOUS FACE RECOGNITION; LOCAL BINARY PATTERN (LBP); REDUNDANCY INFORMATION;

FACE RECOGNITION;

ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; BIOMETRY; FACE; FACTUAL DATABASE; HUMAN; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PROCEDURES;

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; DATABASES, FACTUAL; FACE; HUMANS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS;

EID: 84941055050     PISSN: 01628828     EISSN: 19393539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2015.2408359     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. T. Ahonen, A. Hadid, and M. Pietikainen, "Face description with local binary patterns: Application to face recognition," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2037-2041, Dec. 2006.
2. S. R. Arashloo and J. Kittler, "Efficient processing of MRFs for unconstrained-pose face recognition," in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Biometrics: Theory, Appl. Syst., 2013, pp. 1-8.
3. O. Barkan, J. Weill, L. Wolf, and H. Aronowitz, "Fast high dimensional vector multiplication face recognition," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2013, pp. 1960-1967.
4. P. N. Belhumeur, J. Hespanha, and D. J. Kriegman, "Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 711-720, Jul. 1997.
5. Y. Bengio, P. Lamblin, D. Popovici, and H. Larochelle, "Greedy layer-wise training of deep networks," in Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 2007, pp. 153-160.
6. J. R. Beveridge, P. J. Phillips, D. S. Bolme, B. A. Draper, G. H. Given, Y. M. Lui, M. N. Teli, H. Zhang, W. T. Scruggs, K. W. Bowyer, P. J. Glynn, and S. Cheng, "The challenge of face recognition from digital point-and-shoot cameras," in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Biometrics: Theory, Appl. Syst., 2013, pp. 1-8.
7. Q. Cao, Y. Ying, and P. Li, "Similarity metric learning for face recognition," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2013, pp. 2408-2415.
8. Z. Cao, Q. Yin, X. Tang, and J. Sun, "Face recognition with learning-based descriptor," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2010, pp. 2707-2714.
9. D. Chen, X. Cao, L. Wang, F. Wen, and J. Sun, "Bayesian face revisited: A joint formulation," in Proc. 12th Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2012, pp. 566-579.
10. D. Chen, X. Cao, F. Wen, and J. Sun, "Blessing of dimensionality: High-dimensional feature and its efficient compression for face verification," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2013, pp. 3025-3032.
11. Z. Cui, W. Li, D. Xu, S. Shan, and X. Chen, "Fusing robust face region descriptors via multiple metric learning for face recognition in the wild," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2013, pp. 3554-3561.
12. O. Déniz, G. Bueno, J. Salido, and F. De la Torre, "Face recognition using histograms of oriented gradients," Pattern Recog. Lett., vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1598-1603, 2011.
13. W. Gao, B. Cao, S. Shan, X. Chen, D. Zhou, X. Zhang, and D. Zhao, "The CAS-PEAL large-scale Chinese face database and baseline evaluations," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man Cybern., Part A: Syst. Humans, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 149-161, Jan. 2008.
14. Y. Gong, S. Kumar, V. Verma, and S. Lazebnik, "Angular quantization-based binary codes for fast similarity search," in Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 2012, pp. 1205-1213.
15. Y. Gong and S. Lazebnik, "Iterative quantization: A procrustean approach to learning binary codes," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2011, pp. 817-824.
16. D. R. Hardoon, S. Szedmak, and J. Shawe-Taylor, "Canonical correlation analysis: An overview with application to learning methods," Neural Comput., vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 2639-2664, 2004.
17. J.-P. Heo, Y. Lee, J. He, S.-F. Chang, and S.-E. Yoon, "Spherical hashing," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2012, pp. 2957-2964.
18. G. E. Hinton, S. Osindero, and Y.-W. Teh, "A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets," Neural Comput., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1527-1554, 2006.
19. J. Hu, J. Lu, and Y.-P. Tan, "Discriminative deep metric learning for face verification in the wild," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2014, pp. 1875-1882.
20. G. Huang and E. Learned-Miller, "Labeled faces in the wild: Updates and new reporting procedures," Dept. Comput. Sci., Univ. Massachussets Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA, Tech. Rep. UM-CS-2014-003, 2014.
21. G. B. Huang, H. Lee, and E. Learned-Miller, "Learning hierarchical representations for face verification with convolutional deep belief networks," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2012, pp. 2518-2525.
22. G. B. Huang, M. Ramesh, T. Berg, and E. Learned-Miller, "Labeled faces in the wild: A database for studying face recognition in unconstrained environments," Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA, Tech. Rep. 07-49, 2007.
23. S. U. Hussain, T. Napoléon, F. Jurie, "Face recognition using local quantized patterns," in Proc. Brit. Mach. Vis. Conf., 2012, pp. 1-12.
24. A. Hyvärinen, J. Hurri, and P. O. Hoyer, "Independent component analysis," Natural Image Statist., vol. 39, pp. 151-175, 2009.
25. M. Kan, S. Shan, H. Zhang, S. Lao, and X. Chen, "Multi-view discriminant analysis," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2012, pp. 808-821.
26. J. Kittler, A. Hilton, M. Hamouz, and J. Illingworth, "3d assisted face recognition: A survey of 3d imaging, modelling and recognition approachest," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2004, pp. 469-481.
27. Q. V. Le, A. Karpenko, J. Ngiam, and A. Y. Ng, "Ica with reconstruction cost for efficient overcomplete feature learning," in Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 2011, pp. 1017-1025.
28. Q. V. Le, W. Y. Zou, S. Y. Yeung, and A. Y. Ng, "Learning hierarchical invariant spatio-temporal features for action recognition with independent subspace analysis," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2011, pp. 3361-3368.
29. H. Lee, P. Pham, Y. Largman, and A. Y. Ng, "Unsupervised feature learning for audio classification using convolutional deep belief networks," in Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 2009, pp. 1096-1104.
30. Z. Lei, S. Z. Li, R. Chu, and X. Zhu, "Face recognition with local Gabor textons," in Proc. Int. Conf. Adv. Biometrics, 2007, pp. 49-57.
31. Z. Lei, S. Liao, M. Pietikainen, and S. Z. Li, "Face recognition by exploring information jointly in space, scale and orientation," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 247-256, Jan. 2011.
32. Z. Lei, M. Pietikainen, and S. Z. Li, "Learning discriminant face descriptor," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 289-302, Feb. 2014.
33. S. Z. Li, D. Yi, Z. Lei, and S. Liao, "The casia nir-vis 2.0 face database," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog. Workshop, 2013, pp. 348-353.
34. X. Li, C. Shen, A. R. Dick, and A. van den Hengel, "Learning compact binary codes for visual tracking," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2013, pp. 2419-2426.
35. D. Lin and X. Tang, "Inter-modality face recognition," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2006, pp. 13-26.
36. C. Liu and H. Wechsler, "Gabor feature based classification using the enhanced Fisher linear discriminant model for face recognition," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 467-476, Apr. 2002.
37. D. G. Lowe, "Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints," Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 91-110, 2004.
38. J. Lu, Y.-P. Tan, and G. Wang, "Discriminative multimanifold analysis for face recognition from a single training sample per person," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 39-51, Jan. 2013.
39. D. Maturana, D. Mery, and A. Soto, "Face recognition with decision tree-based local binary patterns," in Proc. 10th Asian Conf. Comput. Vis., 2010, pp. 618-629.
40. D. Maturana, D. Mery, and A. Soto, "Learning discriminative local binary patterns for face recognition," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Automatic Face Gesture Recog. Workshops, 2011, pp. 470-475.
41. X. Meng, S. Shan, X. Chen, and W. Gao, "Local visual primitives (LVP) for face modelling and recognition," in Proc. Int. Conf. Pattern Recog., 2006, pp. 536-539.
42. E. Meyers and L. Wolf, "Using biologically inspired features for face processing," Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 93-104, 2008.
43. H. V. Nguyen and L. Bai, "Cosine similarity metric learning for face verification," in Proc. Asian Conf. Comput. Vis., 2010, pp. 709-720.
44. M. Norouzi, D. Fleet, and R. Salakhutdinov, "Hamming distance metric learning," in Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 2012, pp. 1070-1078.
45. V. Ojansivu and J. Heikkilä, "Blur insensitive texture classification using local phase quantization," in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Image Signal Process., 2008, pp. 236-243.
46. P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, S. A. Rizvi, and P. J. Rauss, "The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1090-1104, Oct. 2000.
47. S. Rifai, P. Vincent, X. Muller, X. Glorot, and Y. Bengio, "Contractive auto-encoders: Explicit invariance during feature extraction," in Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn., 2011, pp. 833-840.
48. H. J. Seo and P. Milanfar, "Face verification using the lark representation," IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1275-1286, Dec. 2011.
49. A. Sharma and D. W. Jacobs, "Bypassing synthesis: PLS for face recognition with pose, low-resolution and sketch," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2011, pp. 593-600.
50. A. Sharma, A. Kumar, H. Daume, and D. W. Jacobs, "Generalized multiview analysis: A discriminative latent space," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2012, pp. 2160-2167.
51. G. Sharma, S. ul Hussain, and F. Jurie, "Local higher-order statistics (LHS) for texture categorization and facial analysis," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2012, pp. 1-12.
52. K. Simonyan, O. M. Parkhi, A. Vedaldi, and A. Zisserman, "Fisher vector faces in the wild," in Proc. Brit. Mach. Vis. Conf., 2013, pp. 1-12.
53. Y. Sun, X. Wang, X. Tang, "Hybrid deep learning for face verification," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2013, pp. 1489-1496.
54. X. Tan and B. Triggs, "Fusing Gabor and LBP feature sets for kernel-based face recognition," in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Anal. Model. Faces Gestures, 2007, pp. 235-249.
55. T. Trzcinski and V. Lepetit, "Efficient discriminative projections for compact binary descriptors," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2012, pp. 228-242.
56. M. Turk and A. Pentland, "Eigenfaces for recognition," J. Cogn. Neurosci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 71-86, 1991.
57. R. Verschae, J. Ruiz-del Solar, M. Correa, "Face recognition in unconstrained environments: A comparative study," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis. Workshop, 2008, pp. 1-12.
58. N.-S. Vu, "Exploring patterns of gradient orientations and magnitudes for face recognition," IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 295-304, Feb. 2013.
59. N.-S. Vu and A. Caplier, "Enhanced patterns of oriented edge magnitudes for face recognition and image matching," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1352-1365, Mar. 2012.
60. J. Wang, S. Kumar, and S.-F. Chang, "Semi-supervised hashing for scalable image retrieval," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2010, pp. 3424-3431.
61. K. Wang, R. He, W. Wang, L. Wang, and T. Tan, "Learning coupled feature spaces for cross-modal matching," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2013, pp. 2407-2414.
62. Y. Weiss, A. Torralba, and R. Fergus, "Spectral hashing," in Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 2008, pp. 1753-1760.
63. Y. Weiss, A. Torralba, and R. Fergus, "Spectral hashing," in Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 2009, pp. 1753-1760.
64. Z. Wen and W. Yin, "A feasible method for optimization with orthogonality constraints," Math. Programm., vol. 142, pp. 397-434, 2013.
65. L. Wolf, T. Hassner, Y. Taigman, "Descriptor based methods in the wild," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis. Workshop, 2008, pp. 1-14.
66. S. Xie, S. Shan, X. Chen, X. Meng, and W. Gao, "Learned local gabor patterns for face representation and recognition," Signal Process., vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 2333-2344, 2009.
67. D. Yi, Z. Lei, and S. Z. Li, "Towards pose robust face recognition," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog., 2013, pp. 3539-3545.
68. B. Zhang, Y. Gao, S. Zhao, and J. Liu, "Local derivative pattern versus local binary pattern: Face recognition with high-order local pattern descriptor," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 533-544, Feb. 2010.
69. B. Zhang, S. Shan, X. Chen, and W. Gao, "Histogram of Gabor phase patterns (HGPP): A novel object representation approach for face recognition," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 57-68, Jan. 2007.
70. W. Zhang, S. Shan, W. Gao, X. Chen, and H. Zhang, "Local Gabor binary pattern histogram sequence (LGBPHS): A novel nonstatistical model for face representation and recognition," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2005, pp. 786-791.
71. W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, P. J. Phillips, and A. Rosenfeld, "Face recognition: A literature survey," ACM Comput. Surveys, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 399-458, 2003.