Smoking and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

European Urology Focus

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 28-38

  De Nunzio, Cosimo ^a   Andriole, Gerald L ^b   Thompson, Ian M ^c   Freedland, Stephen J ^d  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b BARNES JEWISH HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c University of Texas Health Science Center   (United States)

^d DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Outcome; Prostate; Prostate cancer; Smoking; Treatment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84940939206     PISSN: None     EISSN: 24054569     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2014.10.002     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Alcaraz A., Hammerer P., Tubaro A., Schroder F.H., Castro R. Is there evidence of a relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer? Findings of a literature review. Eur Urol 2009, 55:864-873.
2. Jemal A., Siegel R., Xu J., Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin 2010, 60:277-300.
3. De Marzo A.M., Platz E.A., Sutcliffe S., et al. Inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2007, 7:256-269.
4. De Nunzio C., Aronson W., Freedland S.J., Giovannucci E., Parsons J.K. The correlation between metabolic syndrome and prostatic diseases. Eur Urol 2012, 61:560-570.
5. Hsing A.W., Sakoda L.C., Chua S. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and prostate cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 86:843-857.
6. Buschemeyer W.C., Freedland S.J. Obesity and prostate cancer: epidemiology and clinical implications. Eur Urol 2007, 52:331-343.
7. Rota M., Scotti L., Turati F., et al. Alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of the dose-risk relation. Eur J Cancer Prev 2012, 21:350-359.
8. Xu H., Jiang H.W., Ding G.X., et al. Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk of different grade or stage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013, 99:241-249.
9. Bansal D., Bhansali A., Kapil G., Undela K., Tiwari P. Type 2 diabetes and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Prostate Cancer ProstaticDis 2013, 16:151-158. S1.
10. Giovannucci E., Liu Y., Platz E.A., Stampfer M.J., Willett W.C. Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the health professionals follow-up study. Int J Cancer 2007, 121:1571-1578.
11. Islami F., Moreira D.M., Boffetta P., Freedland S.J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of tobacco use and prostate cancer mortality and incidence in prospective cohort studies. Eur Urol 2014, 66:1054-1064.
12. Pantarotto J., Malone S., Dahrouge S., Gallant V., Eapen L. Smoking is associated with worse outcomes in patients with prostate cancer treated by radical radiotherapy. BJU Int 2007, 99:564-569.
13. Weaver K.E., Foraker R.E., Alfano C.M., et al. Cardiovascular risk factors among long-term survivors of breast, prostate, colorectal, and gynecologic cancers: a gap in survivorship care?. J Cancer Surviv 2013, 7:253-261.
14. Visvanathan K., Helzlsouer K.J., Boorman D.W., et al. Association among an ornithine decarboxylase polymorphism, androgen receptor gene (CAG) repeat length and prostate cancer risk. J Urol 2004, 171:652-655.
15. Hultdin J., Van Guelpen B., Bergh A., Hallmans G., Stattin P. Plasma folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine and prostate cancer risk: a prospective study. Int J Cancer 2005, 113:819-824.
16. Baglietto L., Severi G., English D.R., Hopper J.L., Giles G.G. Alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk: results from the Melbourne collaborative cohort study. Int J Cancer 2006, 119:1501-1504.
17. Gonzalez A., Peters U., Lampe J.W., White E. Boron intake and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2007, 18:1131-1140.
18. Rohrmann S., Genkinger J.M., Burke A., et al. Smoking and risk of fatal prostate cancer in a prospective U.S. study. Urology 2007, 69:721-725.
19. Smit E., Garcia-Palmieri M.R., Figueroa N.R., et al. Protein and legume intake and prostate cancer mortality in Puerto Rican men. Nutr Cancer 2007, 58:146-152.
20. Butler L.M., Wang R., Wong A.S., Koh W.P., Yu M.C. Cigarette smoking and risk of prostate cancer among Singapore Chinese. Cancer Causes Control 2009, 20:1967-1974.
21. Watters J.L., Park Y., Hollenbeck A., Schatzkin A., Albanes D. Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer in a prospective US cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009, 18:2427-2435.
22. Batty G.D., Kivimaki M., Clarke R., Davey S.G., Shipley M.J. Modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer mortality in London: forty years of follow-up in the Whitehall study. Cancer Causes Control 2011, 22:311-318.
23. Grundmark B., Zethelius B., Garmo H., Holmberg L. Serum levels of selenium and smoking habits at age 50 influence long term prostate cancer risk; a 34 year ULSAM follow-up. BMC Cancer 2011, 11:431.
24. Geybels M.S., Verhage B.A., van Schooten F.J., van den Brandt P.A. Measures of combined antioxidant and pro-oxidant exposures and risk of overall and advanced stage prostate cancer. Ann Epidemiol 2012, 22:814-820.
25. Karlsen R.V., Bidstrup P.E., Christensen J., et al. Men with cancer change their health behaviour: a prospective study from the Danish diet, cancer and health study. Br J Cancer 2012, 107:201-206.
26. Karppi J., Kurl S., Laukkanen J.A., Kauhanen J. Serum beta-carotene in relation to risk of prostate cancer: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor study. Nutr Cancer 2012, 64:361-367.
27. Shafique K., McLoone P., Qureshi K., Leung H., Hart C., Morrison D.S. Coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk: further evidence for inverse relationship. Nutr J 2012, 11:42.
28. Tseng C.H. Insulin use is not significantly predictive for prostate cancer mortality in diabetic patients: a 12-year follow-up study. BJU Int 2012, 110:668-673.
29. Bae J.M., Li Z.M., Shin M.H., Kim D.H., Lee M.S., Ahn Y.O. Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer risk: negative results of the Seoul Male Cancer Cohort Study. Asian PacJ Cancer Prev 2013, 14:4667-4669.
30. Heikkila K., Nyberg S.T., Theorell T., et al. Work stress and risk of cancer: meta-analysis of 5700 incident cancer events in 116,000 European men and women. BMJ 2013, 346:f165.
31. Koutros S., Meyer T.E., Fox S.D., et al. Prospective evaluation of serum sarcosine and risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Carcinogenesis 2013, 34:2281-2285.
32. Lemogne C., Consoli S.M., Melchior M., et al. Depression and the risk of cancer: a 15-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2013, 178:1712-1720.
33. Onitilo A.A., Berg R.L., Engel J.M., et al. Prostate cancer risk in pre-diabetic men: a matched cohort study. Clin Med Res 2013, 11:201-209.
34. Rohrmann S., Linseisen J., Allen N., et al. Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Cancer 2013, 108:708-714.
35. Sawada N., Inoue M., Iwasaki M., et al. Alcohol and smoking and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in Japanese men: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Int J Cancer 2014, 134:971-978.
36. Roberts W.W., Platz E.A., Walsh P.C. Association of cigarette smoking with extraprostatic prostate cancer in young men. J Urol 2003, 169:512-516. discussion 516.
37. Pickles T., Liu M., Berthelet E., Kim-Sing C., Kwan W., Tyldesley S. The effect of smoking on outcome following external radiation for localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2004, 171:1543-1546.
38. Merrick G.S., Butler W.M., Wallner K.E., Galbreath R.W., Lief J.H., Adamovich E. Effect of cigarette smoking on biochemical outcome after permanent prosatte brachytheraphy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004, 15:1056-1062.
39. Oefelein M.G., Resnick M.I. Association of tobacco use with hormone refractory disease and survival of patients with prostate cancer. J Urol 2004, 71:2281-2284.
40. Gong Z., Agalliu I., Lin D.W., Stanford J.L., Kristal A.R. Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer-specific mortality following diagnosis in middle-aged men. Cancer Causes Control 2008, 19:25-31.
41. Kenfield S.A., Stampfer M.J., Chan J.M., Giovannucci E. Smoking and prostate cancer survival and recurrence. JAMA 2011, 305:2548-2555.
42. Joshu C.E., Mondul A.M., Meinhold C.L., et al. Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer recurrence after prostatectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011, 18(103):835-838.
43. Dieperink K.B., Hansen S., Wagner L., Johansen C., Andersen K.K., Hansen O. Living alone, obesity and smoking: important factors for quality of life after radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Acta Oncol 2012, 51:722-729.
44. Oh J.J., Hong S.K., Jeong C.W., Byun S.S., Lee S.E. Significance of smoking status regarding outcomes after radical prostatectomy. Int Urol Nephrol 2012, 44:119-124.
45. Ngo T.C., Lee J.J., Brooks J.D., Nolley R., Ferrari M., Presti J.C. Smoking and adverse outcomes at radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 2013, 31:749-754.
46. Moreira D.M., Aronson W.J., Terris M.K., et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of biochemical disease recurrence, metastasis, castration resistant prostate cancer and mortality after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database. Cancer 2014, 15(120):197-204.
47. Burns D., Lee L., Shen Z.L., et al. Cigarette smoking behavior in the United States. In: Monograph 8: changes in cigarette-related disease risks and their implications for prevention and control 2012, 13-112. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/Brp/tcrb/monographs/8/m8_2.pdf. Updated May 21, 2012.
48. Baliunas D., Patra J., Rehm J., Popova S., Kaiserman M., Taylor B. Smoking-attributable mortality and expected years of life lost in Canada 2002: conclusions for prevention and policy. Chronic Dis Can 2007, 27:154-162.
49. Ng M., Freeman M.K., Fleming D.T., et al. Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012. JAMA 2014, 311:183-192.
50. Nock N.L., Tang D., Rundle A., et al. Associations between smoking, polymorphisms in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolism and conjugation genes and PAH-DNA adducts in prostate tumors differ by race. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007, 16:1236-1245.
51. Mao G.E., Morris G., Lu Q.Y., et al. Glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism, cigarette smoking and prostate cancer. Cancer Detect Prev 2004, 28:368-374.
52. Quiñones L.A., Irarrázabal C.E., Rojas C.R., et al. Joint effect among p53, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphism combinations and smoking on prostate cancer risk: an exploratory genotype-environment interaction study. Asian J Androl 2006, 8:349-355.
53. Birrane G., Li H., Yang S., Tachado S.D., Seng S. Cigarette smoke induces nuclear translocation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in prostate cancer cells: nuclear HO-1 promotes vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Int J Oncol 2013, 42:1919-1928.
54. Miyake M., Fujimoto K., Anai S., et al. Heme oxygenase-1 promotes angiogenesis in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Oncol Rep 2011, 25:653-660.
55. Ye J., Wang S., Barger M., Castranova V., Shi X. Activation of androgen response element by cadmium: a potential mechanism for a carcinogenic effect of cadmium in the prostate. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2000, 19:275-280.
56. Plaskon L.A., Penson D.F., Vaughan T.L., Stanford J.L. Cigarette smoking and risk of prostate cancer in middle-aged men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003, 12:604-609.
57. Shiels M.S., Rohrmann S., Menke A., et al. Association of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity with sex steroid hormone levels in US men. Cancer Causes Control 2009, 20:877-886.
58. De Nunzio C., Kramer G., Marberger M., et al. The controversial relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: the role of inflammation. Eur Urol 2011, 60:106-117.
59. Arnson Y., Shoenfeld Y., Amital H. Effects of tobacco smoke on immunity, inflammation and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2010, 34:J258-J265.
60. Moreira D., Nickel J.C., Gerber L., et al. Smoking is associated with acute prostatic inflammation in men with a negative prostate biopsy: results from the REDUCE study. J Urol 2013, 189:e480.
61. Huncharek M., Haddock K.S., Reid R., Kupelnick B. Smoking as a risk factor for prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of 24 prospective cohort studies. Am J Public Health 2010, 100:693-701.
62. Ho TS, Howard LE, Vidal AC, et al. Smoking and risk of low- and high-grade prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study. Clin Cancer Res. In press.
63. Muller R.L., Moreira D.M. Smoking and prostate cancer survival and recurrence. Asian J Androl 2011, 13:787-788.
64. Weaver K.E., Danhauer S.C., Tooze J.A., et al. Smoking cessation counseling beliefs and behaviors of outpatient oncology providers. Oncologist 2012, 17:455-462.
65. Fiore M.C., Jaen C.R., Baker T.B., et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline executive summary. Respir Care 2008, 53:1217-1222.
66. Pentz R.D., Berg C.J. Smoking and ethics: what are the duties of oncologists?. Oncologist 2010, 15:987-993.
67. Rolison J.J., Hanoch Y., Miron-Shatz T. Smokers: at risk for prostate cancer but unlikely to screen. Addict Behav 2012, 37:736-738.
68. Li J., Thompson T., Joseph D.A., Master V.A. Association between smoking status, and free, total and percent free prostate specific antigen. J Urol 2012, 187:1228-1233.