Barriers to optimising prescribing and deprescribing in older adults with dementia: A narrative review

Current Clinical Pharmacology

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 168-177

  Reeve, Emily ^a,b   Simon Bell, J ^b,c,d   Hilmer, Sarah N ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b HORNSBY KU RING GAI HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Deprescribing; Goals of care; Older adults; Prescribing; Quality use of medications

Indexed keywords

NOOTROPIC AGENT;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; AGED; ARTICLE; AVERSION; CAREGIVER; DEMENTIA; DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; DRUG MISUSE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EXPECTATION; FEAR; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; GERIATRIC PATIENT; HARM REDUCTION; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; MEDICAL HISTORY; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; OPTIMISM; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PATIENT DECISION MAKING; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; STAFF TRAINING; TERMINAL CARE; DEPRESCRIPTION; POLYPHARMACY; PSYCHOLOGY; STANDARDS;

AGED; CAREGIVERS; DEMENTIA; DEPRESCRIPTIONS; DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS; HUMANS; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS; POLYPHARMACY;

EID: 84940907556     PISSN: 15748847     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157488471003150820150330     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Hazzard WR, Halter JB. Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology. 6th Editon. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical 2009
2. Roger KS. A literature review of palliative care, end of life, and dementia. Palliat Support Care 2006; 4: 295
3. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Dementia in Australia. Cat. no. AGE 70. In, Canberra: AIHW, 2012
4. Andersen F, Viitanen M, Halvorsen D, Straume B, Engstad T. Comorbidity and drug treatment in Alzheimer's disease. A cross sectional study of participants in the Dementia Study in Northern Norway. BMC Geriatr 2011; 11: 58
5. Lau DT, Mercaldo ND, Harris AT, Trittschuh E, Shega J, Weintraub S. Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among community-dwelling elders with dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2010; 24: 56-63
6. Kuijpers MAJ, Van Marum RJ, Egberts ACG, Jansen PAF, The Oldy study group. Relationship between polypharmacy and underprescribing. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65: 130-3
7. Tjia J, Rothman MR, Kiely DK, Shaffer ML, Holmes HM, Sachs GA, Mitchell SL. Daily medication use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58: 880-8
8. Tan E, Jokanovic N, Koponen M, Thomas D, Hilmer S, Bell J. Prevalence of analgesic use in people with and without dementia or cognitive impairment in aged care facilities: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2015; 10(3): 194-203
9. Gupta SK, Lamont EB. Patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in older patients with colon cancer and comorbid dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 1681-87
10. Walter LC, Davidowitz NP, Heineken PA, Covinsky KE. Pitfalls of converting practice guidelines into quality measures: Lessons learned from a va performance measure. JAMA 2004; 291: 2466-70
11. Somers M, Rose E, Simmonds D, Whitelaw C, Calver J, Beer C. Quality use of medicines in residential aged care. Aust Fam Physician 2010; 39: 413
12. Bosboom PR, Alfonso H, Almeida OP, Beer C. Use of potentially harmful medications and health-related quality of life among people with dementia living in residential aged care facilities. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2012; 2: 361-71
13. Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Hartikainen S, Tolppanen A-M, Taipale H, Koponen M, Bell JS. Impact of high risk drug use on hospitalization and mortality in older people with and without Alzheimer’s disease: a national population cohort study. PloS one 2014; 9: e83224
14. Fiss T, Thyrian JR, Fendrich K, van den Berg N, Hoffmann W. Cognitive impairment in primary ambulatory health care: pharmacotherapy and the use of potentially inappropriate medicine. Int J Geriatr Psychiat 2013; 28: 173-81
15. Parsons C, Johnston S, Mathie E, Baron N, Machen I, Amador S, Goodman C. Potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people with dementia in care homes: a retrospective analysis. Drugs Aging 2012; 29: 143-55
16. Colloca G, Tosato M, Vetrano DL, Topinkova E, Fialova D, Gindin J, van der Roest HG, Landi F, Liperoti R, Bernabei R. Inappropriate drugs in elderly patients with severe cognitive impairment: results from the shelter study. PloS one 2012; 7: e46669
17. Carriere I, Fourrier-Reglat A, Dartigues JF, Rouaud O, Pasquier F, Ritchie K, Ancelin ML. Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: the 3-city study. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 1317-24
18. Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, Hamel MB. Dying with advanced dementia in the nursing home. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 321-26
19. Giron MS, Wang HX, Bernsten C, Thorslund M, Winblad B, Fastbom J. The appropriateness of drug use in an older nondemented and demented population. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 277-83
20. Zuckerman IH, Hernandez JJ, Gruber-Baldini AL, Hebel JR, Stuart B, Zimmerman S, Magaziner J. Potentially inappropriate prescribing before and after nursing home admission among patients with and without dementia. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2005; 3: 246-54
21. Hilmer SN, Gnjidic D, Le Couteur DG. Thinking through the medication list-Appropriate prescribing and deprescribing in robust and frail older patients. Aust Fam Physician 2012; 41: 924
22. Lee SP, Bain KT, Maio V. Appropriate discontinuation of medications at the end of life: a need to establish consensus criteria. Am J Med Qual 2007; 22: 393-94
23. Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN. Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 858-60
24. Heiat A, Gross CP, Krumholz HM. Representation of the elderly, women, and minorities in heart failure clinical trials. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 1682
25. Van Spall HG, Toren A, Kiss A, Fowler RA. Eligibility criteria of randomized controlled trials published in high-impact general medical journals. JAMA 2007; 297: 1233-40
26. Uhlig K, Leff B, Kent D, Dy S, Brunnhuber K, Burgers JS, Greenfield S, Guyatt G, High K, Leipzig R, Mulrow C, Schmader K, Schunemann H, Walter LC, Woodcock J, Boyd CM. A framework for crafting clinical practice guidelines that are relevant to the care and management of people with multimorbidity. J Gen Intern Med 2014; 29(4): 670-79
27. Lorgunpai SJ, Grammas M, Lee DS, McAvay G, Charpentier P, Tinetti ME. Potential therapeutic competition in community-living older adults in the US: use of medications that may adversely affect a coexisting condition. PloS one 2014; 9: e89447
28. Molist Brunet N, Sevilla-Sánchez D, Amblàs Novellas J, Codina Jané C, Gómez-Batiste X, McIntosh J, Espaulella Panicot J. Optimizing drug therapy in patients with advanced dementia: A patient-centered approach. Eur Geriatr Med 2014; 5: 66-71
29. Brodaty H, Seeher K, Gibson L. Dementia time to death: a systematic literature review on survival time and years of life lost in people with dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2012; 24: 1034-45
30. Kaldjian LC, Curtis AE, Shinkunas LA, Cannon KT. Review article: Goals of care toward the end of life: A structured literature review. Am J Hosp Palliat Med 2009; 25: 501-11
31. Holmes HM, Sachs GA, Shega JW, Hougham GW, Cox Hayley D, Dale W. Integrating palliative medicine into the care of persons with advanced dementia: identifying appropriate medication use. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 1306-11
32. Fahlman C, Lynn J, Finch M, Doberman D, Gabel J. Potentially inappropriate medication use by Medicaid+ Choice beneficiaries in the last year of life. J Palliat Med 2007; 10: 686-95
33. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Boland B, Rexach L. Drug therapy optimization at the end of life. Drugs Aging 2012; 29: 511-21
34. Daiello LA, Ott BR, Lapane KL, Reinert SE, Machan JT, Dore DD. Effect of discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor therapy on behavioral and mood symptoms in nursing home patients with dementia. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2009; 7: 74
35. Simpson S, Beavis D, Leddy A, Ball S, Johnson I. Naturalistic audit of NICE criteria for the use of cholinesterase inhibitors. Psychiatr Bull 2005; 29: 410-12
36. Howard R, McShane R, Lindesay J, et al. Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 893-903
37. Hilmer SN, Gnjidic D. Rethinking psychotropics in nursing homes. Med J Aust 2013; 198: 77
38. Declercq T, Petrovic M, Azermai M, et al. Withdrawal versus continuation of chronic antipsychotic drugs for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 3: CD007726
39. Elmståhl S, Stenberg I, Annerstedt L, Ingvad B. Behavioral disturbances and pharmacological treatment of patients with dementia in family caregiving: a 2-year follow-up. Int Psychogeriatr 1998; 10: 239-52
40. Cotrell V, Wild K, Bader T. Medication management and adherence among cognitively impaired older adults. J Gerontol Soc Work 2006; 47: 31-46
41. Kaasalainen S, Dolovich L, Papaioannou A, et al. The process of medication management for older adults with dementia. J Nurs Healthc Chron Ill 2011; 3: 407-18
42. Britten N, Stevenson FA, Barry CA, Barber N, Bradley CP. Misunderstandings in prescribing decisions in general practice: qualitative study. BMJ 2000; 320: 484-8
43. Cockburn J, Pit S. Prescribing behaviour in clinical practice: patients' expectations and doctors' perceptions of patients' expectations—a questionnaire study. BMJ 1997; 315: 520
44. Boath EH, Blenkinsopp A. The rise and rise of proton pump inhibitor drugs: patients' perspectives. Soc Sci Med 1997; 45: 1571-9
45. Cantrill JA, Dowell J, Roland M. Qualitative insights into general practitioners' views on the appropriateness of their long-term prescribing. Int J Pharm Pract 2000; 8: 20-26
46. Moen J, Norrgard S, Antonov K, Nilsson JL, Ring L. GPs' perceptions of multiple-medicine use in older patients. J Eval Clin Pract 2010; 16: 69-75
47. Spinewine A, Swine C, Dhillon S, et al. Appropriateness of use of medicines in elderly inpatients: qualitative study. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 2005; 331: 935
48. Schuling J, Gebben H, Veehof LJG, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM. Deprescribing medication in very elderly patients with multimorbidity: the view of Dutch GPs. A qualitative study. BMC Fam Pract 2012; 13: 56
49. Bain KT, Holmes HM, Beers MH, Maio V, Handler SM, Pauker SG. Discontinuing medications: a novel approach for revising the prescribing stage of the medication-use process. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 1946-52
50. Parr JM, Kavanagh DJ, Young RM, McCafferty K. Views of general practitioners and benzodiazepine users on benzodiazepines: A qualitative analysis. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62: 1237-49
51. Ostini R, Hegney D, Jackson C, Tett SE. Knowing how to stop: ceasing prescribing when the medicine is no longer required. J Manag Care Pharm 2012; 18: 68-72
52. Alexander GC, Sayla MA, Holmes HM, Sachs GA. Prioritizing and stopping prescription medicines. Can Med Assoc J 2006; 174: 1083-4
53. Cook JM, Marshall R, Masci C, Coyne JC. Physicians’ perspectives on prescribing benzodiazepines for older adults: a qualitative study. J Gen Intern Med 2007; 22: 303-07
54. Raghunath A, Hungin A, Cornford C, Featherstone V. Use of proton pump inhibitors: an exploration of the attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of general practitioners. Digestion 2005; 72: 212-18
55. Zermansky AG, Silcock J. Is medication review by primary-care pharmacists for older people cost effective?: a narrative review of the literature, focusing on costs and benefits. Pharmacoeconomics 2009; 27: 11-24
56. Campo K, Staebel OD, Gijsbrechts E, Van Waterschoot W. Physicians' decision process for drug prescription and the impact of pharmaceutical marketing mix instruments. Health Mark Q 2006; 22: 73-107
57. Fuat A, Hungin AP, Murphy JJ. Barriers to accurate diagnosis and effective management of heart failure in primary care: qualitative study. BMJ 2003; 326: 196
58. Williams M, Pulliam C, Hunter R, et al. The short-term effect of interdisciplinary medication review on function and cost in ambulatory elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 93-8
59. Brauner DJ, Muir JC, Sachs GA. Treating nondementia illnesses in patients with dementia. JAMA 2000; 283: 3230-35
60. Campbell NL, Boustani MA, Skopelja EN, Gao S, Unverzagt FW, Murray MD. Medication adherence in older adults with cognitive impairment: a systematic evidence-based review. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2012; 10: 165-77
61. Reeve E, Shakib S, Hendrix I, Roberts MS, Wiese MD. Review of deprescribing processes and development of an evidence based, patient-centred deprescribing process. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 78(4): 738-47
62. While C, Duane F, Beanland C, Koch S. Medication management: The perspectives of people with dementia and family carers. Dementia 2012; 12: 734-50
63. Sachs GA. Dementia and the goals of care. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46: 782-3
64. Hirschman KB, Joyce CM, James BD, Xie SX, Karlawish JHT. Do Alzheimer's disease patients want to participate in a treatment decision, and would their caregivers let them. Gerontologist 2005; 45: 381-88
65. Francis SA, Smith F, Gray N, Denham M. Partnerships between older people and their carers in the management of medication. Int J Older People Nurs 2006; 1: 201-07
66. Blass DM. The physician–patient relationship in dementia care. Neurotherapeutics 2007; 4: 545-48
67. Bain KT. Barriers and strategies to influencing physician behavior. Am J Med Qual 2007; 22: 5-7
68. Bornstein B, Emler A. Rationality in medical decision making: a review of the literature on doctors’ decision making biases. J Eval Clin Pract 2001; 7: 97-107
69. Pollock K, Grime J. Strategies for reducing the prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): patient self-regulation of treatment may be an under-exploited resource. Soc Sci Med 2000; 51: 1827-39
70. Barnsteiner JH. Medication reconciliation: transfer of medication information across settings—keeping it free from error. Am J Nurs 2005; 105: 31-36
71. Brulhart M, Wermeille J. Multidisciplinary medication review: evaluation of a pharmaceutical care model for nursing homes. Int J Clin Pharm 2011; 33: 549-57
72. Ramaswamy R, Maio V, Diamond JJ, et al. Potentially inappropriate prescribing in elderly: assessing doctor knowledge, confidence and barriers. J Eval Clin Pract 2011; 17: 1153-9
73. Ellenbecker CH, Frazier SC, Verney S. Nurses' observations and experiences of problems and adverse effects of medication management in home care. Geriatr Nurs 2004; 25: 164-70
74. Tannenbaum C, Martin P, Tamblyn R, Benedetti A, Ahmed S. Reduction of inappropriate benzodiazepine prescriptions among older adults through direct patient education: The empower cluster randomized trial. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174: 890-98
75. Fried TR, McGraw S, Agostini JV, Tinetti ME. Views of older persons with multiple morbidities on competing outcomes and clinical decision-making. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 1839-44
76. May C, Montori VM, Mair FS. We need minimally disruptive medicine. BMJ 2009; 339
77. Belcher VN, Fried TR, Agostini JV, Tinetti ME. Views of older adults on patient participation in medication-related decision making. J Gen Intern Med 2006; 21: 298-303
78. Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Couper MP, Fagerlin A. Disparities in patient reports of communications to inform decision making in the DECISIONS survey. Patient Educ Couns 2012; 87: 198-205
79. Benson J, Britten N. Patients' decisions about whether or not to take antihypertensive drugs: qualitative study. BMJ 2002; 325: 873
80. Stacey D, Bennett CL, Barry MJ, et al. Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 10
81. Tinetti ME, McAvay GJ, Fried TR, et al. Health outcome priorities among competing cardiovascular, fall injury, and medication[1]related symptom outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 1409-16
82. Reeve E, Wiese MD, Hendrix I, Roberts M, Shakib S. People’s attitudes, beliefs, and experiences regarding polypharmacy and willingness to deprescribe. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61: 1508-14
83. Fried TR, Tinetti ME, Towle V, O’Leary JR, Iannone L. Effects of benefits and harms on older persons' willingness to take medication for primary cardiovascular prevention. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171: 923-28
84. Byrne M, Walsh J, Murphy AW. Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: patient beliefs and health-related behaviour. J Psychosom Res 2005; 58: 403-15
85. Reeve E, To J, Hendrix I, Shakib S, Roberts MS, Wiese MD. Patient barriers to and enablers of deprescribing: a systematic review. Drugs Aging 2013; 30: 793-807
86. Arlt S, Lindner R, Rösler A, Renteln-Kruse W. Adherence to medication in patients with dementia. Drugs Aging 2008; 25: 1033-47
87. Bogardus ST, Jr., Bradley EH, Williams CS, Maciejewski PK, Gallo WT, Inouye SK. Achieving goals in geriatric assessment: role of caregiver agreement and adherence to recommendations. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 99-105
88. Brodaty H, Green A. Defining the role of the caregiver in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Drugs Aging 2002; 19: 891-98
89. Gillespie RJ, Harrison L, Mullan J. Medication management concerns of ethnic minority family caregivers of people living with dementia. Dementia 2015; 14: 147-62
90. Kaldjian LC, Shinkunas LA, Bern-Klug M, Schultz SK. Dementia, goals of care, and personhood: a study of surrogate decision makers’ beliefs and values. Am J Hosp Palliat Med 2010; 27: 387-97
91. Mitnick S, Leffler C, Hood VL. Family caregivers, patients and physicians: Ethical guidance to optimize relationships. J Gen Intern Med 2010; 25: 255-60
92. Karlawish JH, Casarett DJ, James BD, Tenhave T, Clark CM, Asch DA. Why would caregivers not want to treat their relative's Alzheimer's disease? J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51: 1391-97
93. Karlawish J, Klocinski J, Merz J, Clark C, Asch D. Caregivers’ preferences for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 2000; 55: 1008-14
94. Post SG, Stuckey JC, Whitehouse PJ, et al. A focus group on cognition-enhancing medications in Alzheimer disease: Disparities between professionals and consumers. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2001; 15: 80-88
95. Shega JW, Ellner L, Lau DT, Maxwell TL. Cholinesterase inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist use in older adults with end-stage dementia: a survey of hospice medical directors. J Palliat Med 2009; 12: 779-83
96. Simon C, Kendrick T. Informal carers--the role of general practitioners and district nurses. Br J Gen Pract 2001; 51: 655
97. Chan VT, Woo BK, Sewell DD, et al. Reduction of suboptimal prescribing and clinical outcome for dementia patients in a senior behavioral health inpatient unit. Int Psychogeriatr 2009; 21: 195-99
98. Krol N, Wensing M, Haaijer-Ruskamp F, et al. Patient-directed strategy to reduce prescribing for patients with dyspepsia in general practice: a randomized trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19: 917-22.