Selective attention as a protagonist in contemporary workplace stress: implications for the interruption age

Anxiety, Stress and Coping

Volumn 28, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 663-686

  Tams, Stefan ^a   Thatcher, Jason ^b   Grover, Varun ^b   Pak, Richard ^b  

^a HEC MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

cognition; interruptions; selective attention; self efficacy; stress; technology

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ATTENTION; ATTITUDE TO COMPUTERS; E-MAIL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; SELF CONCEPT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; WORK; WORKLOAD; WORKPLACE;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ATTENTION; ATTITUDE TO COMPUTERS; ELECTRONIC MAIL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SELF EFFICACY; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WORK; WORKLOAD; WORKPLACE;

EID: 84940459668     PISSN: 10615806     EISSN: 14772205     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1011141     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. R.Agarwal,, & E.Karahanna, (2000). Time flies when you're having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage. MIS Quarterly, 24, 665–694.
2. N.Ahituv,, M.Igbaria,, & A.Sella, (1998). The effects of time pressure and completeness of information on decision making. Journal of Management Information Systems, 15, 153–172.
3. L.S.Aiken,, & S.G.West, (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. A.Bandura, (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
5. A.Bandura, (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt.
6. A.Bandura,, & E.A.Locke, (2003). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 87–99. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.87
7. M.Bensaou,, & M.Earl, (1998). The right mind-set for managing information technology. Harvard Business Review, 119–128.
8. L.Berkowitz,, & E.Donnerstein, (1982). External validity is more than skin deep: Some answers to criticisms of laboratory experiments. American Psychologist, 37, 245. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.3.245
9. K.S.Birdi,, & D.Zapf, (1997). Age differences in reactions to errors in computer-based work. Behaviour & Information Technology, 16, 309–319. doi:10.1080/014492997119716
10. A.Cao,, K.K.Chintamani,, A.K.Pandya,, & R.D.Ellis, (2009). NASA TLX: Software for assessing subjective mental workload. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 113–117. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.1.113
11. S.E.Christ,, A.D.Castel,, & R.A.Abrams, (2008). Capture of attention by new motion in young and older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 63, B(2), P110–P116. doi:10.1093/geronb/63.2.P110
12. G.A.Churchill, (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64–73. doi:10.2307/3150876
13. J.Cohen, (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (rev. ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
14. J.A.Colquitt, (2008). Publishing laboratory research in AMJ: A question of when, not if. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 616–620.
15. J.Conway,, & C.Lance, (2010). What reviewers should expect from authors regarding common method bias in organizational research. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 325–334. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9181-6
16. C.L.Cooper,, P.J.Dewe,, & M.P.O'Driscoll, (2001). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
17. E.Cutrell,, M.Czerwinski,, & E.Horvitz, (2001). Notification, disruption and memory: Effects of messaging interruptions on memory and performance. Proceedings of 1FIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Tokyo.
18. L.Dabbish,, G.Mark,, & V.M.González, (2011, May). Why do I keep interrupting myself? Environment, habit and self-interruption. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 7–11.
19. E.S.Darowski,, E.Helder,, R.T.Zacks,, L.Hasher,, & D.Z.Hambrick, (2008). Age-related differences in cognition: The role of distraction control. Neuropsychology, 22, 638–644. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.5.638
20. A.S.DeNisi,, & L.H.Peters, (1996). Organization of information in memory and the performance appraisal process: Evidence from the field. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 717–737. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.6.717
21. J.A.Dumas,, & M.Hartman, (2008). Adult age differences in the access and deletion functions of inhibition. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 15, 330–357. doi:10.1080/13825580701534601
22. J.R.Edwards,, D.M.Cable,, I.O.Williamson,, L.Schurer Lambert,, & A.J.Shipp, (2006). The phenomenology of fit: Linking the person and environment to the subjective experience of person–environment fit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 802–827. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.802
23. F.T.Eggemeier, (1988). Properties of workload assessment techniques. In P.A.Hancock & N.Meshkati (Eds.), Human mental workload (pp. 41–62). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
24. T.J.Elkins,, J.S.Phillips,, & R.Konopaske, (2002). Gender-related biases in evaluations of sex discrimination allegations: Is perceived threat the key? Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 280–292. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.280
25. O.Epitropaki,, & R.Martin, (2004). Implicit leadership theories in applied settings: Factor structure, generalizability, and stability over time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 293–310. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.2.293
26. M.Eskritt,, K.Lee,, & M.Donald, (2001). The influence of symbolic literacy on memory: Testing Plato's hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Expérimentale, 55(1), 39–50. doi:10.1037/h0087351
27. M.G.Evans, (1985). A Monte Carlo study of the effects of correlated method variance in moderated multiple regression analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36, 305–323. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(85)90002-0
28. S.L.Fisher,, & J.K.Ford, (1998). Differential effects of learner effort and goal orientation on two learning outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 51, 397–420. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00731.x
29. A.D.Fisk,, W.A.Rogers,, N.Charness,, S.J.Czaja,, & J.Sharit, (2009). Designing for older adults: Principles and creative human factors approaches. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis.
30. C.L.Folk,, R.W.Remington,, & J.C.Johnston, (1992). Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 1030–1044. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.18.4.1030
31. S.Folkman,, & A.L.Lazarus, (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
32. J.R.P.French,, R.D.Caplan,, & R.Van Harrison, (1982). The mechanisms of job stress and strain. Chichester: Wiley.
33. K.E.Friend, (1982). Stress and performance: Effects of subjective work load and time urgency. Personnel Psychology, 35, 623–633. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1982.tb02214.x
34. M.J.Gallivan,, V.K.Spitler,, & M.Koufaris, (2005). Does information technology training really matter? A social information processing analysis of coworkers’ influence on IT usage in the workplace. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22, 153–192.
35. D.C.Ganster,, & J.Schaubroeck, (1991). Work stress and employee health. Journal of Management, 17, 235–271. doi:10.1177/014920639101700202
36. I.R.Gellatly,, & J.P.Meyer, (1992). The effects of goal difficulty on physiological arousal, cognition, and task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 694–704. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.694
37. S.Grebner,, N.K.Semmer,, & A.Elfering, (2005). Working conditions and three types of well-being: A longitudinal study with self-report and rating data. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(1), 31–43. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.1.31
38. P.A.Hancock,, & J.L.Szalma, (2008). Stress and performance. In P.A.Hancock & J.L.Szalma (Eds.), Performance under stress (pp. 1–18). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
39. S.G.Hart,, & L.E.Staveland, (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (task load index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In N.Meshkati (Ed.), Human mental workload (pp. 139–183). Oxford: North-Holland.
40. L.Hasher,, & R.T.Zacks, (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. In G.H.Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 22, pp. 193–225). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
41. G.Houghton,, & S.P.Tipper, (1994). A model of inhibitory mechanisms in selective attention. In T.H.Carr (Ed.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 53–112). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
42. Q.R.Jett,, & J.M.George, (2003). Work interrupted: A closer look at the role of interruptions in organizational life. Academy of Management Review, 28, 494–507. doi:10.5465/AMR.2003.10196791
43. D.O.Kaldenberg,, & B.W.Becker, (1992). Workload and psychological strain: A test of the French, Rodgers, and Cobb hypothesis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 617–624. doi:10.1002/job.4030130607
44. R.Kanfer,, & P.L.Ackerman, (1989). Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 657–690.
45. S.L.Kirmeyer, (1988). Coping with competing demands: Interruption and the type A pattern. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 621–629. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.73.4.621
46. R.S.Lazarus, (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York, NY: Springer.
47. M.R.Leippe,, D.R.Eisenstadt,, M.Shannon,, & H.M.Seib, (2004). Timing of eyewitness expert testimony, jurors’ need for cognition, and case strength as determinants of trial verdicts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 524–541. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.524
48. K.Leitner,, & M.G.Resch, (2005). Do the effects of job stressors on health persist over time? A longitudinal study with observational stressor measures. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(1), 18–30. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.1.18
49. M.Macik-Frey,, J.C.Quick,, & D.L.Nelson, (2007). Advances in occupational health: From a stressful beginning to a positive future. Journal of Management, 33, 809–840. doi:10.1177/0149206307307634
50. G.M.Marakas,, R.D.Johnson,, & P.F.Clay, (2007). The evolving nature of the computer self-efficacy construct: An empirical investigation of measurement construction, validity, reliability and stability over time. Journal of the AIS, 8(1), 15–46.
51. D.R.McLeod,, R.R.Griffiths,, G.E.Bigelow,, & J.Yingling, (1982). An automated version of the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 14, 463–466. doi:10.3758/BF03203313
52. J.A.Meurs,, & P.L.Perrewé, (2011). Cognitive activation theory of stress: An integrative theoretical approach to work stress. Journal of Management, 37, 1043–1068. doi:10.1177/0149206310387303
53. H.Mintzberg, (1970). Structured observation as a method to study managerial work. Journal of Management Studies, 7(1), 87–104. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1970.tb00484.x
54. D.G.Mook, (1983). In defense of external invalidity. American Psychologist, 38, 379–387. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.38.4.379
55. M.M.Nauta,, C.Liu,, & C.Li, (2010). A cross-national examination of self-efficacy as a moderator of autonomy/job strain relationships. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59, 159–179. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00375
56. P.M.Podsakoff,, S.B.MacKenzie,, J.Lee,, & N.P.Podsakoff, (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
57. P.M.Podsakoff,, & D.W.Organ, (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531. doi:10.1177/014920638601200408
58. K.J.Preacher,, & A.F.Hayes, (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
59. K.Riemer,, & F.Frößler, (2007). Introducing real-time collaboration systems: Development of a conceptual scheme and research directions. Communications of AIS, 2007, 204–225.
60. S.G.Rogelberg,, D.J.Leach,, P.B.Warr,, & J.L.Burnfield, (2006). “Not another meeting!” Are meeting time demands related to employee well-being? Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 83–96. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.83
61. S.Rubio,, E.Díaz,, J.Martín,, & J.M.Puente, (2004). Evaluation of subjective mental workload: A comparison of SWAT, NASA-TLX, and workload profile methods. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53(1), 61–86. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00161.x
62. T.A.Salthouse,, & R.L.Babcock, (1991). Decomposing adult age differences in working memory. Developmental Psychology, 27, 763–776. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.5.763
63. W.B.Schaufeli,, M.P.Leiter,, & R.Kalimo, (1995). The general burnout inventory: A self-report questionnaire to assess burnout at the workplace. Paper presented at Work, Stress and Health’95: Creating Healthier Workplaces, Washington, DC.
64. R.Schumann-Hengsteler, (1996). Children's and adults’ visuospatial memory: The game concentration. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 157(1), 77. doi:10.1080/00221325.1996.9914847
65. N.Schwarz, (2007). Retrospective and concurrent self-reports: The rationale for real-time data capture. In A.A.Stone, S.S.Shiffman, A.Atienza, & L.Nebeling (Eds.), The science of real-time data capture: Self-reports in health research (pp. 11–26). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
66. V.M.Shilling,, A.Chetwynd,, & P.M.A.Rabbitt, (2002). Individual inconsistency across measures of inhibition: An investigation of the construct validity of inhibition in older adults. Neuropsychologia, 40, 605. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00157-9
67. D.J.Slone, (2007). The impact of time constraints on internet and web use. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58, 508–517.
68. M.E.Sobel, 1982. Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290–312. doi:10.2307/270723
69. J.B.Spira,, & J.B.Feintuch, (2005). The cost of not paying attention: How interruptions impact knowledge worker productivity. Basex Report 3, 1–17.
70. O.Spreen,, & E.Strauss, (1998). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
71. D.L.Strayer,, & F.A.Drews, (2007). Attention. In T.J.Perfect (Ed.), Handbook of applied cognition (2nd ed., pp. 29–54). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
72. J.R.Stroop, (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643–662. doi:10.1037/h0054651
73. E.B.Swanson,, & N.C.Ramiller, (2004). Innovating mindfully with information technology. MIS Quarterly, 28, 553–583.
74. J.Theeuwes, (1991). Cross-dimensional perceptual selectivity. Perception & Psychophysics, 50, 184–193. doi:10.3758/BF03212219
75. R.Van Harrison, (1985). The person-environment fit model and the study of job stress. In T.A.Beehr & R.S.Bhagat (Eds.), Human stress and cognition in organizations: An integrated perspective (pp. 23–55). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
76. P.Voydanoff, (2005). Consequences of boundary-spanning demands and resources for work-to-family conflict and perceived stress. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 491–503. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.491
77. D.M.Warburton, (1979). Psychological aspects of information processing and stress. In V.Hamilton & D.M.Warburton (Eds.), Human stress and cognition: An information-processing approach (pp. 33–65). London: Wiley.
78. D.A.Washburn, (2003). Presidential address: The games psychologists play (and the data they provide). Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 35, 185–193.
79. D.A.Washburn,, J.P.Gulledge,, F.James,, & D.M.Rumbaugh, (2007). A species difference in visuospatial working memory: Does language link “what” with “where”? International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 20(1), 55–64.
80. M.Wiberg,, & S.Whittaker, (2005). Managing availability: Supporting lightweight negotiations to handle interruptions. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 12, 356–387. doi:10.1145/1121112.1121114
81. C.D.Wickens,, J.Lee,, Y.D.Liu,, & S.G.Becker, (2004). Introduction to human factors engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
82. R.Zacks,, & L.Hasher, (1997). Cognitive gerontology and attentional inhibition: A reply to burke and McDowd. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 52B(6), P274. doi:10.1093/geronb/52B.6.P274
83. F.Zijlstra,, R.A.Roe,, A.B.Leonora,, & I.Krediet, (1999). Temporal factors in mental work: Effects of interrupted activities. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 72, 163–185. doi:10.1348/096317999166581
84. D.Zohar, (1999). When things go wrong: The effect of daily work hassles on effort, exertion and negative mood. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 72, 265–283. doi:10.1348/096317999166671
85. D.Zohar, (2000). A Group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on microaccidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 587–596. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.587
86. D.Zohar,, O.Tzischinski,, & R.Epstein, (2003). Effects of energy availability on immediate and delayed emotional reactions to work events. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 1082–1093. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1082