Regeneration and Development in Animals

Biological Theory

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 25-35

  Vervoort, Michel ^a,b  

^a INSTITUT JACQUES MONOD   (France)

^b INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DE FRANCE   (France)

Author keywords

Cell differentiation; Dedifferentiation; Development; Epimorphosis; Molecular mechanisms; Regeneration; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

EID: 84940384375     PISSN: 15555542     EISSN: 15555550     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13752-011-0005-3     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Allan CH, Fleckman P, Fernandes RJ, Hager B, James J, Wisecarver Z, Satterstrom FK, Gutierrez A, Norman A, Pirrone A, Underwood RA, Rubin BP, Zhang M, Ramay HR, Clark JM (2006) Tissue response and Msx1 expression after human fetal digit tip amputation in vitro. Wound Repair Regen 14(4):398–404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00139.x
2. Bäckhed F, Ley RE, Sonnenburg JL, Peterson DA, Gordon JI (2005) Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science 307:1915–1920 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104816
3. Beck CW, Izpisúa Belmonte JC, Christen B (2009) Beyond early development: Xenopus as an emerging model for the study of regenerative mechanisms. Dev Dyn 238(6):1226–1248 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21890
4. Bely AE, Nyberg KG (2010) Evolution of animal regeneration: re-emergence of a field. Trends Ecol Evol 25(3):161–170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.08.005
5. Bely AE, Sikes JM (2010) Latent regeneration abilities persist following recent evolutionary loss in asexual annelids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:1464–1469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907931107
6. Birnbaum KD, Sánchez Alvarado A (2008) Slicing across kingdoms: regeneration in plants and animals. Cell 132(4):697–710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.040
7. Brockes JP, Kumar A (2008) Comparative aspects of animal regeneration. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 24:525–549 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175336
8. Bryant SV, Endo T, Gardiner DM (2002) Vertebrate limb regeneration and the origin of limb stem cells. Int J Dev Biol 46(7):887–896
9. Buckingham M, Montarras D (2008) Skeletal muscle stem cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 18(4):330–336 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2008.06.005
10. Burton PM, Finnerty JR (2009) Conserved and novel gene expression between regeneration and asexual fission in Nematostella vectensis. Dev Genes Evol 219(2):79–87 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-009-0271-2
11. Candia Carnevali MD, Bonasoro F (2001) Microscopic overview of crinoid regeneration. Microsc Res Tech 55(6):403–426 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1187
12. Carlson MR, Komine Y, Bryant SV, Gardiner DM (2001) Expression of Hoxb13 and Hoxc10 in developing and regenerating Axolotl limbs and tails. Dev Biol 229:396–406 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.0104
13. Chargé SB, Rudnicki MA (2004) Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. Physiol Rev 84(1):209–238 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2003
14. Chen JF, Mandel EM, Thomson JM, Wu Q, Callis TE, Hammond SM, Conlon FL, Wang DZ (2006) The role of microRNA-1 and microRNA-133 in skeletal muscle proliferation and -differentiation. Nat Genet 38(2):228–233 DOI: 10.1038/ng1725
15. Chera S, Ghila L, Dobretz K, Wenger Y, Bauer C, Buzgariu W, Martinou JC, Galliot B (2009) Apoptotic cells provide an unexpected source of Wnt3 signaling to drive Hydra head regeneration. Dev Cell 17(2):279–289 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.07.014
16. Christen B, Beck CW, Lombardo A, Slack JM (2003) Regeneration-specific expression pattern of three posterior Hox genes. Dev Dyn 226(2):349–355 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10231
17. da Silva SM, Gates PB, Brockes JP (2002) The newt ortholog of CD59 is implicated in proximodistal identity during amphibian limb regeneration. Dev Cell 3(4):547–555 DOI: 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00288-5
18. Daughters RS, Chen Y, Slack JM (2011) Origin of muscle satellite cells in the Xenopus embryo. Development
19. De Angelis L, Berghella L, Coletta M, Lattanzi L, Zanchi M, Cusella-De Angelis MG, Ponzetto C, Cossu G (1999) Skeletal myogenic progenitors originating from embryonic dorsal aorta coexpress endothelial and myogenic markers and contribute to postnatal muscle growth and regeneration. J Cell Biol 147(4):869–878 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.147.4.869
20. De Mulder K, Pfister D, Kuales G, Egger B, Salvenmoser W, Willems M, Steger J, Fauster K, Micura R, Borgonie G, Ladurner P (2009) Stem cells are differentially regulated during development, regeneration and homeostasis in flatworms. Dev Biol 334:198–212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.07.019
21. Echeverri K, Tanaka EM (2002) Ectoderm to mesoderm lineage switching during axolotl tail regeneration. Science 298:1993–1996 DOI: 10.1126/science.1077804
22. Echeverri K, Clarke JD, Tanaka EM (2001) In vivo imaging indicates muscle fiber dedifferentiation is a major contributor to the regenerating tail blastema. Dev Biol 236:151–164 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2001.0312
23. Egar MW (1988) Accessory limb production by nerve-induced cell proliferation. Anat Rec 221(1):550–564 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092210111
24. Egar M, Singer M (1972) The role of ependyma in spinal cord regeneration in the urodele, Triturus. Exp Neurol 37(2):422–430 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(72)90085-4
25. Endo T, Bryant SV, Gardiner DM (2004) A stepwise model system for limb regeneration. Dev Biol 270:135–145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.02.016
26. Fraune S, Bosch TC (2010) Why bacteria matter in animal development and evolution. Bioessays 32(7):571–580 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900192
27. Fröbius AC, Genikhovich G, Kürn U, Anton-Erxleben F, Bosch TC (2003) Expression of developmental genes during early embryogenesis of Hydra. Dev Genes Evol 213(9):445–455 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-003-0344-6
28. Gabel CV, Antoine F, Chuang CF, Samuel AD, Chang C (2008) Distinct cellular, molecular mechanisms mediate initial axon development, adult-stage axon regeneration in C. elegans. Development 135:1129–1136 DOI: 10.1242/dev.013995
29. Galis F, Wagner GP, Jockusch EL (2003) Why is limb regeneration possible in amphibians but not in reptiles, birds, and mammals? Evol Dev 5(2):208–220 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-142X.2003.03028.x
30. Galliot B, Miljkovic-Licina M, Chera S (2006) Hydra: a niche for cell and developmental plasticity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 17:492–502 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.05.005
31. Gardiner DM, Blumberg B, Komine Y, Bryant SV (1995) Regulation of HoxA expression in developing and regenerating axolotl limbs. Development 121:1731–1741
32. Garza-Garcia A, Harris R, Esposito D, Gates PB, Driscoll PC (2009) Solution structure and phylogenetics of Prod1, a member of the three-finger protein superfamily implicated in salamander limb regeneration. PLoS One 4(9):e7123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007123
33. Genikhovich G, Kürn U, Hemmrich G, Bosch TC (2006) Discovery of genes expressed in Hydra embryogenesis. Dev Biol 289:466–481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.10.028
34. Geraudie J, Singer M (1985) Necessity of an adequate nerve supply for regeneration of the amputated pectoral fin in the teleost Fundulus. J Exp Zool 234(3):367–374 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402340306
35. Gilbert SF (2003) Developmental Biology, 7th edn. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland
36. Gussoni E, Soneoka Y, Strickland CD, Buzney EA, Khan MK, Flint AF, Kunkel LM, Mulligan RC (1999) Dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse restored by stem cell transplantation. Nature 401:390–394
37. Janzen FJ, Phillips PC (2006) Exploring the evolution of environmental sex determination, especially in reptiles. J Evol Biol 19:1775–1784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01138.x
38. Jopling C, Sleep E, Raya M, Martí M, Raya A, Belmonte JC (2010) Zebrafish heart regeneration occurs by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Nature 464:606–609 DOI: 10.1038/nature08899
39. Kikuchi K, Holdway JE, Werdich AA, Anderson RM, Fang Y, Egnaczyk GF, Evans T, Macrae CA, Stainier DY, Poss KD (2010) Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4(+) cardiomyocytes. Nature 464:601–605 DOI: 10.1038/nature08804
40. Kragl M, Knapp D, Nacu E, Khattak S, Maden M, Epperlein HH, Tanaka EM (2009) Cells keep a memory of their tissue origin during axolotl limb regeneration. Nature 460:60–65 DOI: 10.1038/nature08152
41. Kumar A, Godwin JW, Gates PB, Garza-Garcia AA, Brockes JP (2007) Molecular basis for the nerve dependence of limb regeneration in an adult vertebrate. Science 318:772–777 DOI: 10.1126/science.1147710
42. Lepper C, Conway SJ, Fan CM (2009) Adult satellite cells and embryonic muscle progenitors have distinct genetic requirements. Nature 460:627–631 DOI: 10.1038/nature08209
43. Lin G, Chen Y, Slack JM (2007) Regeneration of neural crest derivatives in the Xenopus tadpole tail. BMC Dev Biol 7:56 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213X-7-56
44. Martín-Durán JM, Amaya E, Romero R (2010) Germ layer specification and axial patterning in the embryonic development of the freshwater planarian Schmidtea polychroa. Dev Biol 340:145–158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.01.018
45. Mescher AL (1996) The cellular basis of limb regeneration in urodeles. Int J Dev Biol 40(4):785–795
46. Miljkovic-Licina M, Chera S, Ghila L, Galliot B (2007) Head regeneration in wild-type Hydra requires de novo neurogenesis. Development 134:1191–1201 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02804
47. Moore DL, Blackmore MG, Hu Y, Kaestner KH, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Goldberg JL (2009) KLF family members regulate intrinsic axon regeneration ability. Science 326:298–301 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175737
48. Morgan TH (1898) Experimental studies of the regeneration of Planaria maculata. Archiv fur Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen 7:364–397 DOI: 10.1007/BF02161491
49. Morgan TH (1901) Regeneration. Macmillan, New York
50. Morgan TH (1902) Experimental studies of the internal factors of regeneration in the earthworm. Archiv fur Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen 14:562–591 DOI: 10.1007/BF02188504
51. Muneoka K, Bryant SV (1982) Evidence that patterning mechanisms in developing and regenerating limbs are the same. Nature 298:369–371 DOI: 10.1038/298369a0
52. Muneoka K, Bryant SV (1984) Cellular contribution to supernumerary limbs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. Dev Biol 105:166–178 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90272-0
53. Myohara M (2004) Differential tissue development during embryogenesis and regeneration in an Annelid. Dev Dyn 231(2):349–358 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20115
54. Myohara M, Yoshida-Noro C, Kobari F, Tochinai S (1999) Fragmenting oligochaete Enchytraeus japonensis: a new material for regeneration study. Dev Growth Differ 41:549–555 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.1999.00455.x
55. Newmark PA, Sánchez Alvarado A (2002) Not your father’s planarian: a classic model enters the era of functional genomics. Nat Rev Genet 3(3):210–219 DOI: 10.1038/nrg759
56. Nguyen L, Besson A, Roberts JM, Guillemot F (2006) Coupling cell cycle exit, neuronal differentiation and migration in cortical neurogenesis. Cell Cycle 5:2314–2318 DOI: 10.4161/cc.5.20.3381
57. Politis PK, Thomaidou D, Matsas R (2008) Coordination of cell cycle exit and differentiation of neuronal progenitors. Cell Cycle 7:691–697 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.6.5550
58. Porrello ER, Mahmoud AI, Simpson E, Hill JA, Richardson JA, Olson EN, Sadek HA (2011) Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart. Science 331:1078–1080 DOI: 10.1126/science.1200708
59. Poss KD (2010) Advances in understanding tissue regenerative capacity and mechanisms in animals. Nat Rev Genet 11(10):710–722 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2879
60. Pradeu T (2011) A mixed self: The role of symbiosis in development. Biol Theory. doi:10.1007/s13752-011-0011-5 DOI: 10.1007/s13752-011-0011-5
61. Reginelli AD, Wang YQ, Sassoon D, Muneoka K (1995) Digit tip regeneration correlates with regions of Msx1 (Hox 7) expression in fetal and newborn mice. Development 121:1065–1076
62. Reitzel AM, Burton PM, Krone C, Finnerty JR (2007) Comparison of developmental trajectories in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: embryogenesis, regeneration, and two forms of asexual fission. Invertebr Biol 126:99–112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00081.x
63. Rychel AL, Swalla BJ (2008) Anterior regeneration in the hemichordate Ptychodera flava. Dev Dyn 237:3222–3232 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21747
64. Sánchez Alvarado A (2000) Regeneration in the metazoans: why does it happen? Bioessays 22(6):578–590 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(200006)22:6<578::AID-BIES11>3.0.CO;2-#
65. Sánchez Alvarado A (2006) Planarian regeneration: its end is its beginning. Cell 124(2):241–245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.012
66. Sánchez Alvarado A, Tsonis PA (2006) Bridging the regeneration gap: Genetic insights from diverse animal models. Nat Rev Genet 7(11):873–884 DOI: 10.1038/nrg1923
67. Seale P, Rudnicki MA (2000) A new look at the origin, function, and “stem-cell” status of muscle satellite cells. Dev Biol 218:115–124 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1999.9565
68. Slack JM, Beck CW, Gargioli C, Christen B (2004) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of regeneration in Xenopus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 359(1445):745–751 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1463
69. Slack JM, Lin G, Chen Y (2008) The Xenopus tadpole: a new model for regeneration research. Cell Mol Life Sci 65(1):54–63 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-007-7431-1
70. Sugimoto K, Gordon SP, Meyerowitz EM (2011) Regeneration in plants and animals: dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation, or just differentiation? Trends Cell Biol 21(4):212–218 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.12.004
71. Sugiura T, Taniguchi Y, Tazaki A, Ueno N, Watanabe K, Mochii M (2004) Differential gene expression between the embryonic tail bud and regenerating larval tail in Xenopus laevis. Dev Growth Differ 46(1):97–105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.2004.00727.x
72. Tajbakhsh S (2009) Skeletal muscle stem cells in developmental versus regenerative myogenesis. J Intern Med 266(4):372–389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02158.x
73. Tanaka EM (2003) Cell differentiation and cell fate during urodele tail and limb regeneration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 13(5):497–501 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2003.08.003
74. Théry F (2011) Characterizing animal development with genetic regulatory mechanisms. Biol Theory. doi:10.1007/s13752-011-0004-4 DOI: 10.1007/s13752-011-0004-4
75. Thouveny Y, Tassava RA (1998) Regeneration through phylogenesis. In: Ferretti P, Geraudie J (eds) Cellular, molecular basis of regeneration: from invertebrates to humans. Wiley, New York, pp 9–43
76. Torok MA, Gardiner DM, Shubin NH, Bryant SV (1998) Expression of HoxD genes in developing and regenerating axolotl limbs. Dev Biol 200:225–233 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1998.8956
77. Towers M, Tickle C (2009) Growing models of vertebrate limb development. Development 136:179–190 DOI: 10.1242/dev.024158
78. Tsonis PA (2007) Regeneration via transdifferentiation: the lens and hair cells. Hear Res 227(1–2):28–31 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2006.06.011
79. Whitehead GG, Makino S, Lien CL, Keating MT (2005) fgf20 is essential for initiating zebrafish fin regeneration. Science 310:1957–1960 DOI: 10.1126/science.1117637
80. Wu Z, Ghosh-Roy A, Yanik MF, Zhang JZ, Jin Y, Chisholm AD (2007) Caenorhabditis elegans neuronal regeneration is influenced by life stage, ephrin signaling, and synaptic branching. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:15132–15137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0707001104
81. Yanik MF, Cinar H, Cinar HN, Chisholm AD, Jin Y, Ben-Yakar A (2004) Neurosurgery: functional regeneration after laser axotomy. Nature 432:822 DOI: 10.1038/432822a
82. Yin VP, Poss KD (2008) New regulators of vertebrate appendage regeneration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 18(4):381–386 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2008.06.008
83. Yin VP, Thomson JM, Thummel R, Hyde DR, Hammond SM, Poss KD (2008) Fgf-dependent depletion of microRNA-133 promotes appendage regeneration in zebrafish. Genes Dev 22(6):728–733 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1641808
84. Yokoyama H (2008) Initiation of limb regeneration: the critical steps for regenerative capacity. Dev Growth Differ 50(1):13–22 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.2007.00973.x
85. Yoshida-Noro C, Tochinai S (2010) Stem cell system in asexual and sexual reproduction of Enchytraeus japonensis (Oligochaeta, Annelida). Dev Growth Differ 52(1):43–55 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01149.x