Compensatory limb use and behavioral assessment of motor skill learning following sensorimotor cortex injury in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Journal of Visualized Experiments

Volumn , Issue 89, 2014, Pages

  Kerr, Abigail L ^a   Tennant, Kelly A ^b  

^a ILLINOIS WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Behavior; Good limb training; Issue 89; Learned non use; Less affected limb training; Murine model; Non paretic limb training; Pasta matrix reaching task; Reaching; Rehabilitation; Upper extremity impairment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84940247069     PISSN: 1940087X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3791/51602     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Branchi, I., & Ricceri, L. Transgenic and knock-out mouse pups: the growing need for behavioral analysis. Genes Brain and Behavior. 1 (3), 135-141 10.1034/j.1601-183X.2002.10301.x (2002).
2. Bucan, M., & Abel, T. The mouse: Genetics meets behaviour. Nature Reviews Genetics. 3 (2), 114-123 10.1038/nrg728 (2002).
3. Tennant, K.A. and Jones, T.A. Sensorimotor behavioral effects of endothelin-1 induced small cortical infarcts in C57BL/6 mice. J. Neurosci. Methods. 181 (1), 18-26 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.04.009 (2009).
4. Tennant, K.A., et al. The organization of the forelimb representation of the C57BL/6 mouse motor cortex as defined by intracortical microstimulation and cytoarchitecture. Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991). 21 (4), 865-876 (2011).
5. Zhang, L., et al. A test for detecting long-term sensorimotor dysfunction in the mouse after focal cerebral ischemia. J. Neurosci. Methods. 117 (2), 207-214 10.1016/S0165-0270(02)00114-0 (2002).
6. Li, X.L., Blizzard, K.K., Zeng, Z.Y., DeVries, A.C., Hurn, P.D., & McCullough, L.D. Chronic behavioral testing after focal ischemia in the mouse: functional recovery and the effects of gender. Exp. Neurol. 187 (1), 94-104 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.01.004 (2004).
7. Bouet, V., Freret, T., Toutain, J., Divoux, D., Boulouard, M., & Schumann-Bard, P. Sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse. Exp. Neurol. 203 (2), 555-567 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.09.006 (2007).
8. Krakauer, J.W., Carmichael, S.T., Corbett, D., & Wittenberg, G.F. Getting Neurorehabilitation Right: What Can Be Learned From Animal Models? Neurorehabil. Neural Repair. 26 (8), 923-931 10.1177/1545968312440745 (2012).
9. Taub, E., Uswatte, G., Mark, V.W., & Morris, D.M.M. The learned nonuse phenomenon: implications for rehabilitation. Europa Medicophysica. 42 (3), 241-256 (2006).
10. Taub, E. Harnessing brain plasticity through behavioral techniques to produce new treatments in neurorehabilitation. Am. Psychol. 59 (8), 692-704 10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.692 (2004).
11. Allred, R.P., Maldonado, M.A., Hsu, J.E., & Jones, T.A. Training the "less-affected" forelimb after unilateral cortical infarcts interferes with functional recovery of the impaired forelimb in rats. Restorative Neurol. Neurosci. 23 (5-6), 297-302 (2005).
12. Allred, R.P., & Jones, T.A. Maladaptive effects of learning with the less-affected forelimb after focal cortical infarcts in rats. Exp. Neurol. 210 (1), 172-181 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.10.010 (2008).
13. Kerr, A.L., Wolke, M.L., Bell, J.A., & Jones, T.A. Post-stroke protection from maladaptive effects of learning with the non-paretic forelimb by bimanual home cage experience in C57BL/6 mice. Behav. Brain Res. 252 180-187 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.062 (2013).
14. Taub, E., et al. Method for enhancing real-world use of a more affected arm in chronic stroke: transfer package of constraint-induced movement therapy. Stroke. 44 (5), 1383-1388 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000559 (2013).
15. Tennant, K.A., et al. Age-dependent reorganization of peri-infarct "premotor" cortex with task-specific rehabilitative training in mice. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. doi: 10.1177/1545968314541329 (2014).
16. Binkofski, F., Seitz, R.J., Hacklander, T., Pawelec, D., Mau, J., & Freund, H.J. Recovery of motor functions following hemiparetic stroke: A clinical and magnetic resonance-morphometric study. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 11 (3), 273-281 10.1159/000047650 (2001).
17. Xu, T., et al. Rapid formation and selective stabilization of synapses for enduring motor memories. Nature. 462 (7275), 915-919 (2009).
18. Bell, J.A., Wolke, M.L., Ortez, R.C., Jones, T.A., & Kerr, A.L. The effects of training intensity on functinal outcome following unilateral ischemic insult of sensorimotor cortex in C57BL/6 mice. Society for Neuroscience Annual Convention. (2012).
19. Ballermann, M., Metz, G.A.S., McKenna, J.E., Klassen, F., & Whishaw, I.Q. The pasta matrix reaching task: a simple test for measuring skilled reaching distance, direction, and dexterity in rats. J. Neurosci. Methods. 106 (1), 39-45 10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00326-0 (2001).
20. Cheffer, K.A., & Kerr, A.L. Effects of "good" limb training on long-term rehabilitation of motor function following ischemic stroke in C57BL/6 mice. Society for Neuroscience Annual Convention. (2013).
21. Alaverdashvili, M., & Whishaw, I.Q. A behavioral method for identifying recovery and compensation: hand use in a preclinical stroke model using the single pellet reaching task. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 37 (5), 950-967 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.026 (2013).
22. Rosenzweig, S., & Carmichael, S.T. Age-dependent exacerbation of white matter stroke outcomes: a role for oxidative damage and inflammatory mediators. Stroke. 44 (9), 2579-2586 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001796 (2013).
23. Allred, R.P., Cappellini, C.H., & Jones, T.A. The "good" limb makes the "bad" limb worse: experience-dependent interhemispheric disruption of functional outcome after cortical infarcts in rats. Behav. Neurosci. 124 (1), 124-132 (2010).
24. Tennant, K.A., et al. Skill learning induced plasticity of motor cortical representations is time and age-dependent. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 98 (3), 291-302 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.09.004 (2012).
25. Mathers, C.D., Boerma, T., & Fat, D.M. Global and regional causes of death. Br. Med. Bull. 92 (1), 7-32 (2009).
26. Go, A.S., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 127 (1), e6-e245 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31828124ad (2013).
27. Clarke, J., Mala, H., Windle, V., Chernenko, G., & Corbett, D. The Effects of Repeated Rehabilitation "Tune-Ups" on Functional Recovery After Focal Ischemia in Rats. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair. 23 (9), 886-894 10.1177/1545968309341067 (2009).
28. Adkins, D.L., Voorhies, A.C., & Jones, T.A. Behavioral and neuroplastic effects of focal endothelin-1 induced sensorimotor cortex lesions. Neuroscience. 128 (3), 473-486 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.019 (2004).
29. Bryant, A., Bernier, B., & Jones, T.A. Abnormalities in skilled reaching movements are improved by peripheral anesthetization of the less-affected forelimb after sensorimotor cortical infarcts in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 177 (2), 298-307 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.11.017 (2007).
30. Whishaw, I.Q., & Coles, B. Varieties of paw and digit movement during spontaneous food handling in rats: Postures, bimanual coordination, preferences, and the effect of forelimb cortex lesions. Behav. Brain Res. 77 (1-2), 135-148 (1996).
31. Whishaw, I.Q., Dringenberg, H.C., & Pellis, S.M. Spontaneous Forelimb Grasping in Free Feeding by Rats-Motor Cortex Aids Limb and Digit Positioning. Behav. Brain Res. 48 (2), 113-125 (1992).
32. Horie, N., Maag, A., Hamilton, S.A., Shichinohe, H., Bliss, T.M., & Steinberg, G.K. Mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia using endothelin-1. J. Neurosci. Methods. 173 (2), 286-290 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.06.013 (2008).
33. Maldonado, M.A., Allred, R.P., Felthauser, E.L., & Jones, T.A. Motor skill training, but not voluntary exercise, improves skilled reaching after unilateral ischemic lesions of the sensorimotor cortex in rats. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair. 22 (3), 250-261 10.1177/1545968307308551 (2008).
34. Clarkson, A.N., Lopez-Valdes, H.E., Overman, J.J., Charles, A.C., Brennan, K.C., & Carmichael, S.T. Multimodal examination of structural and functional remapping in the mouse photothrombotic stroke model. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 33 (5), 716-723 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.7 (2013).
35. Liu, Z., Chopp, M., Ding, X., Cui, Y., & Li, Y. Axonal remodeling of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord contributes to voluntary motor recovery after stroke in adult mice. Stroke. 44 (7), 1951-6 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001162 (2013).