메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 122, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 225-235

The physiology of the pedunculopontine nucleus: implications for deep brain stimulation

Author keywords

Calcium channels; Deep brain stimulation; Pedunculopontine nucleus; Reticular activating system

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; HUMAN; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; PEDUNCULOPONTINE TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS; PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 84939889042     PISSN: 03009564     EISSN: 14351463     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1243-x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (45)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 78650694945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pedunculopontine nucleus area: critical evaluation of interspecies differences relevant for its use as a target for deep brain stimulation
    • PID: 21147837
    • Alam M, Schwabe K, Krauss JK (2011) The pedunculopontine nucleus area: critical evaluation of interspecies differences relevant for its use as a target for deep brain stimulation. Brain 134:11–23
    • (2011) Brain , vol.134 , pp. 11-23
    • Alam, M.1    Schwabe, K.2    Krauss, J.K.3
  • 4
    • 0021238726 scopus 로고
    • Site-specific enhancement and suppression of desynchronized sleep signs following cholinergic stimulation of three brainstem regions
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3otFOlsA%3D%3D, PID: 6466986
    • Baghdoyan HA, Rodrigo-Angulo ML, McCarley RW, Hobson JA (1984) Site-specific enhancement and suppression of desynchronized sleep signs following cholinergic stimulation of three brainstem regions. Brain Res 306:39–52
    • (1984) Brain Res , vol.306 , pp. 39-52
    • Baghdoyan, H.A.1    Rodrigo-Angulo, M.L.2    McCarley, R.W.3    Hobson, J.A.4
  • 5
    • 0002493705 scopus 로고
    • The control of motoneurons during sleep
    • Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, (eds), WB Saunders, London:
    • Chase MH, Morales FR (1994) The control of motoneurons during sleep. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds) Principles and practice of sleep medicine. WB Saunders, London, pp 163–176
    • (1994) Principles and practice of sleep medicine , pp. 163-176
    • Chase, M.H.1    Morales, F.R.2
  • 6
    • 0001128615 scopus 로고
    • The mammalian startle response
    • Eaton RC, (ed), Plenum Press, New York:
    • Davis M (1984) The mammalian startle response. In: Eaton RC (ed) Neural Mechanisms of Startle Behavior. Plenum Press, New York, pp 287–342
    • (1984) Neural Mechanisms of Startle Behavior , pp. 287-342
    • Davis, M.1
  • 7
    • 74249098250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pedunculopontine nucleus area stimulation on gait disorders in Parkinson’s disease
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3c%2FgsVeksQ%3D%3D, PID: 19773356
    • Ferraye MU, Debu B, Fraix V, Goetz L, Ardouin C, Yelnik J et al (2010) Effects of pedunculopontine nucleus area stimulation on gait disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 133:205–214. doi:10.1093/brain/awp229
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 205-214
    • Ferraye, M.U.1    Debu, B.2    Fraix, V.3    Goetz, L.4    Ardouin, C.5    Yelnik, J.6
  • 8
    • 53149090138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased absolute magnitude of gamma synchrony in first-episode psychosis
    • PID: 18603413
    • Flynn G, Alexander D, Harris A, Whitford T, Wong W, Galletly C et al (2008) Increased absolute magnitude of gamma synchrony in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 105:262–271. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.05.029
    • (2008) Schizophr Res , vol.105 , pp. 262-271
    • Flynn, G.1    Alexander, D.2    Harris, A.3    Whitford, T.4    Wong, W.5    Galletly, C.6
  • 9
    • 0022642596 scopus 로고
    • The basal ganglia and the locomotor regions
    • Garcia-Rill E (1986) The basal ganglia and the locomotor regions. Brain Res Rev 11:47–63
    • (1986) Brain Res Rev , vol.11 , pp. 47-63
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1
  • 10
    • 0025766032 scopus 로고
    • The pedunculopontine nucleus
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3MzmtVymtQ%3D%3D, PID: 1887068
    • Garcia-Rill E (1991) The pedunculopontine nucleus. Prog Neurobiol 36:363–389
    • (1991) Prog Neurobiol , vol.36 , pp. 363-389
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1
  • 11
    • 0030700318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorders of the reticular activating system
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FotlGrsg%3D%3D, PID: 9421802
    • Garcia-Rill E (1997) Disorders of the reticular activating system. Med Hypotheses 49:379–387
    • (1997) Med Hypotheses , vol.49 , pp. 379-387
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1
  • 12
    • 0023716457 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of rhythmic function in the posterior midbrain
    • Garcia-Rill E, Skinner RD (1988) Modulation of rhythmic function in the posterior midbrain. Neuroscience 17:639–654
    • (1988) Neuroscience , vol.17 , pp. 639-654
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Skinner, R.D.2
  • 13
    • 0000471745 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of rhythmic functions by the brainstem
    • Shimamura M, Grillner S, Edgerton VR, (eds), Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo:
    • Garcia-Rill E, Skinner RD (1991) Modulation of rhythmic functions by the brainstem. In: Shimamura M, Grillner S, Edgerton VR (eds) Neurobiological basis of human locomotion. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, pp 137–158
    • (1991) Neurobiological basis of human locomotion , pp. 137-158
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Skinner, R.D.2
  • 14
    • 0018375196 scopus 로고
    • The spontaneous firing patterns of forebrain neurons. IV. Effects of bilateral and unilateral frontal cortical ablations on firing of caudate, globus pallidus and thalamic neurons
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE1M7ks1ersA%3D%3D, PID: 427584
    • Garcia-Rill E, Hull CD, Levine MS, Buchwald NA (1979) The spontaneous firing patterns of forebrain neurons. IV. Effects of bilateral and unilateral frontal cortical ablations on firing of caudate, globus pallidus and thalamic neurons. Brain Res 165:23–36
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.165 , pp. 23-36
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Hull, C.D.2    Levine, M.S.3    Buchwald, N.A.4
  • 15
    • 0019487502 scopus 로고
    • Pallidal projections to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the cat
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL3M3nvFWnuw%3D%3D, PID: 7270471
    • Garcia-Rill E, Skinner RD, Gilmore SA (1981) Pallidal projections to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the cat. Am J Anat 161:311–322
    • (1981) Am J Anat , vol.161 , pp. 311-322
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Skinner, R.D.2    Gilmore, S.A.3
  • 16
    • 0021071214 scopus 로고
    • Activity in the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) during locomotion
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2c%2FosV2ntA%3D%3D, PID: 6653713
    • Garcia-Rill E, Skinner RD, Fitzgerald JA (1983) Activity in the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) during locomotion. Exp Neurol 82:609–622
    • (1983) Exp Neurol , vol.82 , pp. 609-622
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Skinner, R.D.2    Fitzgerald, J.A.3
  • 17
    • 0021943635 scopus 로고
    • Chemical activation of the mesencephalic locomotor region
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXhsl2ltbc%3D, PID: 3986540
    • Garcia-Rill E, Skinner RD, Fitzgerald JA (1985) Chemical activation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. Brain Res 330:43–54
    • (1985) Brain Res , vol.330 , pp. 43-54
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Skinner, R.D.2    Fitzgerald, J.A.3
  • 18
    • 0023279590 scopus 로고
    • Locomotion-inducing sites in the vicinity of the pedunculopontine nucleus
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2szgtVyksw%3D%3D, PID: 3304544
    • Garcia-Rill E, Houser CR, Skinner RD, Smith W, Woodward DJ (1987) Locomotion-inducing sites in the vicinity of the pedunculopontine nucleus. Brain Res Bull 18:731–738
    • (1987) Brain Res Bull , vol.18 , pp. 731-738
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Houser, C.R.2    Skinner, R.D.3    Smith, W.4    Woodward, D.J.5
  • 20
    • 0029829363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arousal and locomotion: from schizophrenia to narcolepsy
    • The emotional motor system, Prog Brain Res:
    • Garcia-Rill E, Reese NB, Skinner RD (1996) Arousal and locomotion: from schizophrenia to narcolepsy. In: Holstege G, Saper CB (eds) The emotional motor system. Prog Brain Res 107:417–434
    • (1996) , vol.107 , pp. 417-434
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Reese, N.B.2    Skinner, R.D.3    Holstege, G.4    Saper, C.B.5
  • 21
    • 85058720765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arousal mechanisms related to posture and movement. I. Descending modulation
    • Brain Mechanisms for the integration of posture and movement, Prog Brain Res:
    • Garcia-Rill E, Homma Y, Skinner RD (2004) Arousal mechanisms related to posture and movement. I. Descending modulation. In: Mori S, Stuart DG, Wiesendanger M (eds) Brain Mechanisms for the integration of posture and movement. Prog Brain Res 143:283–290
    • (2004) , vol.143 , pp. 283-290
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Homma, Y.2    Skinner, R.D.3    Mori, S.4    Stuart, D.G.5    Wiesendanger, M.6
  • 25
    • 84887126701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal properties of high speed calcium oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvFensrrJ, PID: 23990242
    • Hyde J, Kezunovic N, Urbano FJ, Garcia-Rill E (2013) Spatiotemporal properties of high speed calcium oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus. J Appl Physiol 115:1402–1414. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00762.2013
    • (2013) J Appl Physiol , vol.115 , pp. 1402-1414
    • Hyde, J.1    Kezunovic, N.2    Urbano, F.J.3    Garcia-Rill, E.4
  • 26
    • 84906099937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low and high-frequency somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the human pedunculopontine nucleus. Clin Neurophysiol
    • Insola A, Padua L, Mazzone P, Scarnati E, Valeriani M (2014) Low and high-frequency somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the human pedunculopontine nucleus. Clin Neurophysiol. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.112
    • (2014) doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.112
    • Insola, A.1    Padua, L.2    Mazzone, P.3    Scarnati, E.4    Valeriani, M.5
  • 28
    • 79960945065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism behind gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)
    • PID: 21722210
    • Kezunovic N, Urbano FJ, Simon C, Hyde J, Smith K, Garcia-Rill E (2011) Mechanism behind gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Eur J Neurosci 34(3):404–415. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07766.x
    • (2011) Eur J Neurosci , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 404-415
    • Kezunovic, N.1    Urbano, F.J.2    Simon, C.3    Hyde, J.4    Smith, K.5    Garcia-Rill, E.6
  • 29
    • 0001555493 scopus 로고
    • Effect upon the EEG of acute injury to the brain stem activating system
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c3mtVGisg%3D%3D, PID: 18421836
    • Lindsley DB, Bowden JW, Magoun HW (1949) Effect upon the EEG of acute injury to the brain stem activating system. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1:475–486
    • (1949) Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol , vol.1 , pp. 475-486
    • Lindsley, D.B.1    Bowden, J.W.2    Magoun, H.W.3
  • 31
    • 58149269034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotactic surgery of nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontine [corrected]
    • PID: 19085351
    • Mazzone P, Sposato S, Insola A, Dilazzaro V, Scarnati E (2008) Stereotactic surgery of nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontine [corrected]. Br J Neurosurg 22(1):S33–S40. doi:10.1080/02688690802448327
    • (2008) Br J Neurosurg , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. S33-S40
    • Mazzone, P.1    Sposato, S.2    Insola, A.3    Dilazzaro, V.4    Scarnati, E.5
  • 32
    • 67651205740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
    • PID: 22151360
    • Mazzone P, Insola A, Sposato S, Scarnati E (2009) The deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Neuromodulation 12:191–204. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00214.x
    • (2009) Neuromodulation , vol.12 , pp. 191-204
    • Mazzone, P.1    Insola, A.2    Sposato, S.3    Scarnati, E.4
  • 33
    • 80755129011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: the pedunculopontine nucleus: clinical experience, basic questions and future directions
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MfksF2ksA%3D%3D
    • Mazzone P, Scarnati E, Garcia-Rill E (2011) Commentary: the pedunculopontine nucleus: clinical experience, basic questions and future directions. J Neural Trans 118:1391–1396. doi:10.1007/s00702-010-0530-4
    • (2011) J Neural Trans , vol.118 , pp. 1391-1396
    • Mazzone, P.1    Scarnati, E.2    Garcia-Rill, E.3
  • 34
    • 45249103129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic brainstem neurons modulate cortical gamma band activity during slow oscillations
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXot1aksr8%3D
    • Mena-Segovia J, Sims HM, Magill PJ, Bolam JP (2008) Cholinergic brainstem neurons modulate cortical gamma band activity during slow oscillations. J Physiol (Lond) 586:2947–2960. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.153874
    • (2008) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.586 , pp. 2947-2960
    • Mena-Segovia, J.1    Sims, H.M.2    Magill, P.J.3    Bolam, J.P.4
  • 35
    • 0021044702 scopus 로고
    • Central cholinergic pathways in the rat: an overview based on an alternative nomenclature (Ch1–Ch6)
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2c7hslyisQ%3D%3D, PID: 6320048
    • Mesulam MM, Mufson EJ, Wainer BH, Levey AI (1983) Central cholinergic pathways in the rat: an overview based on an alternative nomenclature (Ch1–Ch6). Neuroscience 10:1185–1201
    • (1983) Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 1185-1201
    • Mesulam, M.M.1    Mufson, E.J.2    Wainer, B.H.3    Levey, A.I.4
  • 37
    • 0013873620 scopus 로고
    • Projections of the lentiform nucleus in the monkey
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaF287htlCksg%3D%3D, PID: 4956247
    • Nauta WJH, Mehler WR (1966) Projections of the lentiform nucleus in the monkey. Brain Res 1:3–42
    • (1966) Brain Res , vol.1 , pp. 3-42
    • Nauta, W.J.H.1    Mehler, W.R.2
  • 38
    • 84869089652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease is associated with slowing of resting-state brain activity: a longitudinal study
    • PID: 22495052
    • Olde-Dubbelink KTE, Stoffers D, Deijen JB, Twisk JWR, Stam CJ, Berendse HW (2012) Cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease is associated with slowing of resting-state brain activity: a longitudinal study. Neurobiol Aging 34(2):408–418. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.029
    • (2012) Neurobiol Aging , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 408-418
    • Olde-Dubbelink, K.T.E.1    Stoffers, D.2    Deijen, J.B.3    Twisk, J.W.R.4    Stam, C.J.5    Berendse, H.W.6
  • 39
    • 79960322712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced long distance gamma (28–48 Hz) coherence in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder
    • PID: 21459454
    • Ozerdem A, Guntenkin B, Atagun I, Turp B, Basar E (2011) Reduced long distance gamma (28–48 Hz) coherence in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 132:325–332. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.028
    • (2011) J Affect Disord , vol.132 , pp. 325-332
    • Ozerdem, A.1    Guntenkin, B.2    Atagun, I.3    Turp, B.4    Basar, E.5
  • 40
    • 0001770138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of synaptic and intrinsic electro responsiveness determine corticothalamic activation dynamics
    • Pedroarena C, Llinas RR (2001) Interactions of synaptic and intrinsic electro responsiveness determine corticothalamic activation dynamics. Thalamus Rel Sys 1(1):3–14
    • (2001) Thalamus Rel Sys , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-14
    • Pedroarena, C.1    Llinas, R.R.2
  • 41
    • 84870522174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep brain stimulation of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: role of sleep modulation in advanced Parkinson disease patients- one-year follow-up
    • PID: 23204606
    • Peppe A, Pierantozzi M, Baiamonte V, Moschella V, Caltagirone C, Stanzione P, Stefani A (2012) Deep brain stimulation of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: role of sleep modulation in advanced Parkinson disease patients- one-year follow-up. Sleep 35:1637–1642. doi:10.5665/sleep.2234
    • (2012) Sleep , vol.35 , pp. 1637-1642
    • Peppe, A.1    Pierantozzi, M.2    Baiamonte, V.3    Moschella, V.4    Caltagirone, C.5    Stanzione, P.6    Stefani, A.7
  • 42
    • 0028971454 scopus 로고
    • The pedunculopontine nucleus-auditory input, arousal and pathophysiology
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK283ovVeltQ%3D%3D, PID: 8711130
    • Reese NB, Garcia-Rill E, Skinner RD (1995) The pedunculopontine nucleus-auditory input, arousal and pathophysiology. Prog Neurobiol 47:105–133
    • (1995) Prog Neurobiol , vol.47 , pp. 105-133
    • Reese, N.B.1    Garcia-Rill, E.2    Skinner, R.D.3
  • 43
    • 0028595561 scopus 로고
    • Sleep patterning and behaviour in cats with pontine lesions creating REM without atonia
    • PID: 10607130
    • Sanford LD, Morrison AR, Mann GL, Harris JS, Yoo L, Ross RJ (1994) Sleep patterning and behaviour in cats with pontine lesions creating REM without atonia. J Sleep Res 3:233–240
    • (1994) J Sleep Res , vol.3 , pp. 233-240
    • Sanford, L.D.1    Morrison, A.R.2    Mann, G.L.3    Harris, J.S.4    Yoo, L.5    Ross, R.J.6
  • 44
    • 0013997901 scopus 로고
    • Control of walking and running by means of electric stimulation of the midbrain
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaF1cvgtFCksw%3D%3D, PID: 6000625
    • Shik ML, Severin FV, Orlovskii GN (1966) Control of walking and running by means of electric stimulation of the midbrain. Biofizika 11:659–666
    • (1966) Biofizika , vol.11 , pp. 659-666
    • Shik, M.L.1    Severin, F.V.2    Orlovskii, G.N.3
  • 46
    • 77954451164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma band unit and population responses in the pedunculopontine nucleus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVekt7nJ, PID: 20463196
    • Simon C, Kezunovic N, Ye M, Hyde J, Hayar A, Williams DK, Garcia-Rill E (2010) Gamma band unit and population responses in the pedunculopontine nucleus. J Neurophysiol 104:463–474. doi:10.1152/jn.00242.2010
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.104 , pp. 463-474
    • Simon, C.1    Kezunovic, N.2    Ye, M.3    Hyde, J.4    Hayar, A.5    Williams, D.K.6    Garcia-Rill, E.7
  • 47
    • 0000469301 scopus 로고
    • Brainstem modulation of rhythmic functions and behaviors
    • Klemm WR, Vertes RP, (eds), Wiley, New York:
    • Skinner RD, Garcia-Rill E (1990) Brainstem modulation of rhythmic functions and behaviors. In: Klemm WR, Vertes RP (eds) Brainstem mechanisms of behavior. Wiley, New York, pp 419–445
    • (1990) Brainstem mechanisms of behavior , pp. 419-445
    • Skinner, R.D.1    Garcia-Rill, E.2
  • 48
    • 0001344953 scopus 로고
    • Mesolimbic interactions with mesopontine modulation of locomotion
    • Kalivas P, Barnes C, (eds), CRC Press, New York:
    • Skinner RD, Garcia-Rill E (1994) Mesolimbic interactions with mesopontine modulation of locomotion. In: Kalivas P, Barnes C (eds) Limbic motor circuits and neuropsychiatry. CRC Press, New York, pp 155–191
    • (1994) Limbic motor circuits and neuropsychiatry , pp. 155-191
    • Skinner, R.D.1    Garcia-Rill, E.2
  • 51
    • 84883491872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The serendipity case of the pedunculopontine nucleus low-frequency brain stimulation: chasing a gait response, finding sleep, and cognitive improvement
    • Stefani A, Peppe A, Galati S, Stampanoni Basso M, D’Angelo V, Pierantozzi M (2013) The serendipity case of the pedunculopontine nucleus low-frequency brain stimulation: chasing a gait response, finding sleep, and cognitive improvement. Frontiers Neurol 4:68
    • (2013) Frontiers Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 68
    • Stefani, A.1    Peppe, A.2    Galati, S.3    Stampanoni Basso, M.4    D’Angelo, V.5    Pierantozzi, M.6
  • 53
    • 0025471376 scopus 로고
    • Different cellular types in mesopontine cholinergic nuclei related to ponto-geniculo-occipital waves
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3czlsVykuw%3D%3D, PID: 2201752
    • Steriade M, Paré D, Datta S, Oakson G, CurroDossi R (1990) Different cellular types in mesopontine cholinergic nuclei related to ponto-geniculo-occipital waves. J Neurosci 10:2560–2579
    • (1990) J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 2560-2579
    • Steriade, M.1    Paré, D.2    Datta, S.3    Oakson, G.4    CurroDossi, R.5
  • 54
    • 0025729813 scopus 로고
    • Fast oscillations (20–40 Hz) in thalamocortical systems and their potentiation by mesopontine cholinergic nuclei in the cat
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3jvFGktw%3D%3D, PID: 2034679
    • Steriade M, CurroDossi R, Paré D, Oakson G (1991) Fast oscillations (20–40 Hz) in thalamocortical systems and their potentiation by mesopontine cholinergic nuclei in the cat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:4396–4400
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 4396-4400
    • Steriade, M.1    CurroDossi, R.2    Paré, D.3    Oakson, G.4
  • 55
    • 14844292718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma synchrony” in first- episode schizophrenia: a disorder of temporal connectivity?
    • PID: 15741462
    • Symond MP, Harris AW, Gordon E, Williams LM (2005) “Gamma synchrony” in first- episode schizophrenia: a disorder of temporal connectivity? Am J Psychiatry 162:459–465
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 459-465
    • Symond, M.P.1    Harris, A.W.2    Gordon, E.3    Williams, L.M.4
  • 56
    • 0038324553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: a new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvFWntLY%3D, PID: 12763089
    • Takakusaki K, Habaguchi T, Ohtinata-Sugimoto J, Saitoh K, Sakamoto T (2003) Basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: a new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction. Neuroscience 119:293–308
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.119 , pp. 293-308
    • Takakusaki, K.1    Habaguchi, T.2    Ohtinata-Sugimoto, J.3    Saitoh, K.4    Sakamoto, T.5
  • 57
    • 0030963675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased habituation of midlatency auditory evoked responses in Parkinson’s disease
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FhslGnsg%3D%3D
    • Teo C, Rasco L, Al-Mefty K, Skinner RD, Garcia-Rill E (1997) Decreased habituation of midlatency auditory evoked responses in Parkinson’s disease. MovDis 12:655–664
    • (1997) MovDis , vol.12 , pp. 655-664
    • Teo, C.1    Rasco, L.2    Al-Mefty, K.3    Skinner, R.D.4    Garcia-Rill, E.5
  • 58
    • 0032229148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disinhibition of the sleep-state dependent P1 potential in Parkinson’s disease-improvement after pallidotomy
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzhtFegsw%3D%3D, PID: 11382858
    • Teo C, Rasco L, Skinner RD, Garcia-Rill E (1998) Disinhibition of the sleep-state dependent P1 potential in Parkinson’s disease-improvement after pallidotomy. Sleep Res Online 1:62–70
    • (1998) Sleep Res Online , vol.1 , pp. 62-70
    • Teo, C.1    Rasco, L.2    Skinner, R.D.3    Garcia-Rill, E.4
  • 61
    • 77957267178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region in voluntary movements
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cfhvF2nsA%3D%3D, PID: 20702790
    • Tsang EW, Hamani C, Moro E, Mazzella F, Poon YY, Lozano AM, Chen R (2010) Involvement of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region in voluntary movements. Neurology 75:950–959. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f25b35
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 950-959
    • Tsang, E.W.1    Hamani, C.2    Moro, E.3    Mazzella, F.4    Poon, Y.Y.5    Lozano, A.M.6    Chen, R.7
  • 62
    • 80052556263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedunculopontine nucleus deep brain stimulation in parkinson’s disease
    • Tyckoki T, Mandat T, Nauman P (2011) Pedunculopontine nucleus deep brain stimulation in parkinson’s disease. Arch Med Sci 7:555–564
    • (2011) Arch Med Sci , vol.7 , pp. 555-564
    • Tyckoki, T.1    Mandat, T.2    Nauman, P.3
  • 63
    • 75649088570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia
    • Uhlhaas PJ, Singer W (2010) Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:100–113
    • (2010) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 100-113
    • Uhlhaas, P.J.1    Singer, W.2
  • 64
    • 84865839032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xis12nsrs%3D, PID: 22319508
    • Urbano FJ, Kezunovic N, Hyde J, Simon C, Beck P, Garcia-Rill E (2012) Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system. Front Neurol 3:6. doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00006
    • (2012) Front Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 6
    • Urbano, F.J.1    Kezunovic, N.2    Hyde, J.3    Simon, C.4    Beck, P.5    Garcia-Rill, E.6
  • 65
    • 0002994296 scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalogram in the permanently isolated forebrain of the cat
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaF387hslKitA%3D%3D, PID: 13925983
    • Villablanca J (1962) Electroencephalogram in the permanently isolated forebrain of the cat. Science 138:44–46
    • (1962) Science , vol.138 , pp. 44-46
    • Villablanca, J.1
  • 66
    • 4944238535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system
    • PID: 15339255
    • Villablanca J (2004) Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system. J Sleep Res 13:179–208
    • (2004) J Sleep Res , vol.13 , pp. 179-208
    • Villablanca, J.1
  • 67
    • 58449116590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei contain distinct populations of cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the rat
    • PID: 19200238
    • Wang HL, Morales M (2009) Pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei contain distinct populations of cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 29:340–358. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06576.x
    • (2009) Eur J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 340-358
    • Wang, H.L.1    Morales, M.2
  • 69
    • 47049113616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of pedunculopontine functions: are they motor, sensory or integrative?
    • Winn P (2008) Experimental studies of pedunculopontine functions: are they motor, sensory or integrative? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 14(S2):S194198. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.04.030
    • (2008) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.14 , Issue.S2 , pp. S194198
    • Winn, P.1
  • 70
    • 44949237941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotactic localization of the human pedunculopontine nucleus: atlas-based coordinates and validation of a magnetic resonance imaging protocol for direct localization
    • PID: 18467343
    • Zrinzo L, Zrinzo LV, Tisch S, Limousin PD, Yousry TA, Afshar F, Hariz MI (2008) Stereotactic localization of the human pedunculopontine nucleus: atlas-based coordinates and validation of a magnetic resonance imaging protocol for direct localization. Brain 131(6):1588–1598. doi:10.1093/brain/awn075
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , Issue.6 , pp. 1588-1598
    • Zrinzo, L.1    Zrinzo, L.V.2    Tisch, S.3    Limousin, P.D.4    Yousry, T.A.5    Afshar, F.6    Hariz, M.I.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.