Antisociality and the Construct of Psychopathy: Data From Across the Globe

Journal of Personality

Volumn 83, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 678-692

  Neumann, Craig S ^a   Hare, Robert D ^b   Pardini, Dustin A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; OFFENDER; PRISONER; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY;

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; CRIMINALS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PRISONERS; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 84939551871     PISSN: 00223506     EISSN: 14676494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12127     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
2. Arieti, S. (1963). Psychopathic personality: Some views on its psychopathology and psychodynamics. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 4, 301-312.
3. Babiak, P., & Hare, R. D. (2014). The B-Scan 360 manual. Manuscript in preparation.
4. Babiak, P., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2010). Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28, 174-193.
5. Berrios, G. E. (1996). The history of mental symptoms: Descriptive psychopathology since the nineteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6. Bezdjian, S., Tuvblad, C., Raine, A., & Baker, L. A. (2011). The genetic and environmental covariation among psychopathic personality traits, and reactive and proactive aggression in childhood. Child Development, 82, 1267-1281.
7. Bolt, D. M., Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2007). Score metric equivalence of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) across criminal offenders in North America and the United Kingdom. Assessment, 14, 44-56.
8. Carré, J., Hyde, L., Neumann, C. S., Viding, E., & Hariri, A. (2013). The neural signatures of distinct psychopathic traits. Social Neuroscience, 8, 122-135.
9. Cleckley, H. (1976). The mask of sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
10. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Cooke, D. J., & Michie, C. (2001). Refining the construct of psychopathy: Towards a hierarchical model. Psychological Assessment, 13, 171-188.
12. Cooke, D. J., Michie, C., Hart, S. D., & Hare, R. D. (1999). Evaluating the Screening Version of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL:SV): An item response theory analysis. Psychological Assessment, 11, 3-13.
13. Edens, J. F., Marcus, D. K., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Poythress, N. G. (2006). Psychopathic, not psychopath: Taxometric evidence for the dimensional structure of psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 131-144.
14. Few, L. R., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2013). An examination of the factor structure of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 247-253.
15. Fite, P. J., Raine, A., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., & Pardini, D. A. (2010). Reactive and proactive aggression in adolescent males: Examining differential outcomes 10 years later in early adulthood. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 141-157.
16. Fontaine, N. M. G., McCrory, E. J. P., Boivin, M., Moffitt, T. E., & Viding, E. (2011). Predictors and outcomes of joint trajectories of callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 730-742. doi: 10.1037/a0022620
17. Forsman, M., Lichtenstein, P., Andershed, H., & Larsson, H. (2010). A longitudinal twin study of the direction of effects between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 39-47.
18. Forth, A. E., Kosson, D., & Hare, R. D. (2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
19. Foulkes, L., Seara-Cardoso, A., Neumann, C. S., Rogers, J. S. C., & Viding, E. (2014). Looking after number one: Associations between psychopathic traits and measures of social reward and functioning in a community sample of males. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36, 22-29.
20. Foulkes, L., Viding, E., McCrory, E., & Neumann, C. S. (2014). Social Reward Questionnaire (SRQ): Development and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, article 201.
21. Frick, P. J., & Hare, R. D. (2001). The Antisocial Process Screening Device. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
22. Frick, P. J., Kimonis, E. R., Dandreaux, D. M., & Farell, J. M. (2003). The 4 year stability of psychopathic traits in non-referred youth. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 21, 713-736.
23. Glass, G. V., & Hopkins, K. D. (1984). Statistical methods in education and psychology (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
24. Goldberg, L. R., & Paulhus, D. L. (2008). Unpublished SRP data from the Eugene-Springfield Community Sample. Oregon Research Institute, Eugene.
25. Guay, J. P., Ruscio, J., Knight, R. A., & Hare, R. D. (2007). A taxometric analysis of the latent structure of psychopathy: Evidence for dimensionality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 701-716.
26. Häkkänen-Nyholm, H., & Hare, R. D. (2009). Psychopathy, homicide, and the courts: Working the system. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 761-777.
27. Häkkänen-Nyholm, H., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2014). Examination of the structure of psychopathy in violent offenders in Finland. Manuscript in preparation.
28. Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
29. Hare, R. D. (2003). Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (2nd ed.). Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
30. Hare, R. D., Black, P., & Walsh, Z. (2013). The PCL-R: Forensic applications and limitations. In R. P. Archer & E. M. Archer (Eds.), Forensic uses of clinical assessment instruments (2nd ed., pp. 266-290). New York: Routledge.
31. Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2006). The PCL-R assessment of psychopathy: Development, structural properties, and new directions. In C. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathy (pp. 58-88). New York: Guilford Press.
32. Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 217-246.
33. Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2010). The role of antisociality in the psychopathy construct: Comment on Skeem and Cooke (2010). Psychological Assessment, 22, 446-454.
34. Hare, R. D., Neumann, C. S., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). Psychopathy. In T. A. Widiger (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of personality disorders (pp. 478-504). New York: Oxford University Press.
35. Hare, R. D., & Schalling, D. (Eds.). (1978). Psychopathic behaviour: Approaches to research. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
36. Hart, S. D., Cox, D. N., & Hare, R. D. (1995). Manual for the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV). Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
37. Hill, C., Neumann, C. S., & Rogers, R. (2004). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) in offenders with Axis I disorders. Psychological Assessment, 16, 90-95.
38. Hoyle, R. H. (1995). Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
40. Huprich, S. K., Schmitt, T. A., Richard, D. C. S., Chelminski, I., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2010). Comparing factor analytic models of the DSM-IV personality disorders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1, 22-37.
41. Jaffee, S. R., Strait, L. B., & Odgers, C. L. (2012). From correlates to causes: Can quasi-experimental studies and statistical innovations bring us closer to identifying the causes of antisocial behavior? Psychological Bulletin, 138, 272-295.
42. Jones, D. N., & Figueredo, A. J. (2013). The core of darkness: Uncovering the heart of the Dark Triad. European Journal of Personality, 27, 521-531.
43. Jones, S., Cauffman, E., Miller, J. D., & Mulvey, E. (2006). Investigating different factor structures of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version: Confirmatory factor analytic findings. Psychological Assessment, 18, 33-48.
44. Karpman, B. (1955). Criminal psychodynamics: A platform. Archives of Criminal Psychodynamics, 1, 3-100.
45. Kosson, D. S., Neumann, C. S., Forth, A. E., Salekin, R. T., Hare, R. D., Krischer, M. K., etal. (2013). Factor structure of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL: YV) in adolescent females. Psychological Assessment, 25, 71-83.
46. Larsson, H., Tuvblad, C., Rijsdijk, F. V., Andershed, H., Grann, M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2007). A common genetic factor explains the association between psychopathic personality and antisocial behavior. Psychological Medicine, 37, 15-26.
47. León, M., E., Folino, J. O., Neumann, C., & Hare, R. D. (2013). Aproximación diagnóstica de psicopatía mediante instrumento autoinformado [A diagnostic approach to psychopathy using a self-report instrument]. Revista Criminalidad, 55, 251-264.
48. Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, B. P. (1996). Development and preliminary validation of a self report measure of psychopathic personality traits in noncriminal populations. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 488-524.
49. Livesley, W. J., Jang, K. L., & Vernon, P. A. (1998). Phenotypic and genetic structure of traits delineating personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 941-948.
50. Lockwood, P. L., Bird, G., Bridge, M., & Viding, E. (2013). Dissecting empathy: High levels of psychopathic and autistic traits are characterized by difficulties in different social information processing domains. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, article 760.
51. Lykken, D. T. (1995). The antisocial personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
52. Lynam, D. R. (1997). Pursuing the psychopath: Capturing the fledgling psychopath in a nomological net. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 425-438.
53. Lynam, D. R., Gaughan, E. T., Miller, J. D., Miller, D. J., Mullins-Sweatt, S., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). Assessing the basic traits associated with psychopathy: Development and validation of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment. Psychological Assessment, 23, 108-124.
54. Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2012). Fearless dominance and psychopathy: A response to Lilienfeld etal. Journal of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3, 341-353.
55. Mahmut, M. K., Homewood, J., & Stevenson, R. J. (2008). The characteristics of non-criminals with high psychopathy traits: Are they similar to criminal psychopaths? Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 679-692.
56. Mahmut, M., Menictas, C., Stevenson, R. J., & Homewood, J. (2011). Validating the factor structure of the Self-Report Psychopathy (SRP) in a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 23, 670-678.
57. Marcus, D. K., John, S. L., & Edens, J. F. (2004). A taxometric analysis of psychopathic personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 626-635.
58. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 320-341.
59. Mathieu, C., Hare, R. D., Jones, D. N., Babiak, P., & Neumann, C. S. (2013). Factor structure of the B-Scan 360: A measure of corporate psychopathy. Psychological Assessment, 25, 288-293.
60. Mathieu, C., Neumann, C. S., Babiak, P., & Hare, R. D. (2014). Corporate psychopathy and the full range leadership model. Assessment. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1073191114545490
61. Mathieu, C., Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., & Babiak, P. (2014). A dark side of leadership: Corporate psychopathy and its influence on employee well-being and job satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 59, 83-88.
62. McCord, W., & McCord, J. (1964). The psychopath: An essay on the criminal mind. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
63. Mokros, A., Habermeyer, E., Neumann, C. S., Schilling, F., Hare, R. D., & Eher, R. (2013). Assessment of psychopathy in Austria: Psychometric properties of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000177
64. Mokros, A., Hare, R. D., Neumann, C. S., Santilla, P., Habermeyer, E., & Nitschke, J. (2014). Variants of psychopathy in adult male offenders: A latent profile analysis. Manuscript under review.
65. Murrie, D. C., Marcus, D. K., Douglas, K. S., Lee, Z., Salekin, R. T., & Vincent, G. (2007). Youth with psychopathy features are not a discrete class: A taxometric analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 714-723.
66. Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (2010). Mplus user's guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
67. Nathanson, C., Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2006). Predictors of a behavioral measure of scholastic cheating: Personality and competence but not demographics. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 31, 97-122.
68. Neal, T. M. S., & Selbom, M. (2012). Examining the factor structure of the Hare Self-Report Psychopathy (SRP) scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 244-253.
69. Neumann, C. S. (2007). Psychopathy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 357-358.
70. Neumann, C. S. (2012). Psychopathy: Promises, promises. Paper presented at the Jubilee Conference of the Expertisecentrum Forensische Psychiatrie: The Future of Forensic Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.
71. Neumann, C. S., & Declercq, F. (2009). Latent variable models of the Self-Report of Psychopathy (SRP) scale across three large diverse samples and replication in an offender sample. Paper presented at the Society for Scientific Study of Psychopathy 3rd Biannual Conference, New Orleans, LA.
72. Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2008). Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: Links to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 893-899.
73. Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., & Johansson, P. T. (2013). The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), low anxiety, and fearlessness: A structural equation modeling analysis. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 129-137.
74. Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., & Newman, J. P. (2007). The super-ordinate nature of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 102-117.
75. Neumann, C. S., Kosson, D. S., Forth, A. E., & Hare, R. D. (2006). Factor structure of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version in incarcerated adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 18, 142-154.
76. Neumann, C. S., & Pardini, D. (2014). Factor structure and construct validity of the Self-Report Psychopathy (SRP) scale and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) in young men. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 419-433.
77. Neumann, C. S., Schmitt, D. S., Carter, R., Embley, I., & Hare, R. D. (2012). Psychopathic traits in females and males across the globe. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 30, 557-574.
78. Neumann, C. S., Uzieblo, K., Grombez, G., & Hare, R. D. (2013). Understanding the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) in terms of the unidimensionality, orthogonality, and construct validity of PPI-I and -II. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 77-79.
79. Pardini, D. A., Raine, A., Erickson, K., & Loeber, R. (2014). Lower amygdala volume in men is associated with childhood aggression, early psychopathic traits, and future violence. Biological Psychiatry, 75, 73-80.
80. Patrick, C. J. (2006). Back to the future: Cleckley as a guide to the next generation of psychopathy research. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathy (pp. 605-617). New York: Guilford Press.
81. Paulhus, D. L., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2015). Manual for the Self-Report Psychopathy scales (4th ed.). Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
82. Robins, L. N. (1978). Aetiological implications in studies of childhood histories relating to antisocial personality. In R. D. Hare & D. Schalling (Eds.), Psychopathic behavior: Approaches to research (pp. 255-271). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
83. Salekin, R. T., Brannen, D. N., Zalot, A. A., Leistico, A., & Neumann, C. S. (2006). Factor structure of psychopathy in youth: Testing the applicability of the new four-factor model. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33, 135-157.
84. Schraft, C. V., Kosson, D. S., & McBride, C. K. (2013). Exposure to violence within home and community environments and psychopathic tendencies in detained adolescents. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40, 1027-1043.
85. Seara-Cardoso, A., Dolberg, H., Neumann, C., Roiser, J., & Viding, E. (2013). Empathy, morality, and psychopathic traits in women. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 328-333.
86. Seara-Cardoso, A., Neumann, C., Roiser, J., McCrory, E., & Viding, E. (2012). Investigating associations between empathy, morality, and psychopathic personality traits in the general population. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 67-71.
87. Skeem, J. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2010). Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate. Psychological Assessment, 22, 433-445.512
88. Strauss, M., & Smith, G. (2009). Construct validity: Advances in methodology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 1-25.
89. Taylor, J., Loney, B. R., Bobadilla, L., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2003). Genetic and environmental influences on psychopathy trait dimensions in a community sample of male twins. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, 633-645.
90. Ullrich, S., & Marneros, A. (2007). Underlying dimensions of ICD-10 personality disorders: Risk factors, childhood antecedents, and adverse outcomes in adulthood. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 18, 44-58.
91. Viding, E., Frick, P. J., & Plomin, R. (2007). Aetiology of the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in childhood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 33-38.
92. Vitacco, M. J., Neumann, C. S., & Jackson, R. L. (2005). Testing a four-factor model of psychopathy and its association with ethnicity, gender, intelligence, and violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 466-476.
93. Vitacco, M., Neumann, C. S., & Pardini, D. (2014). Predicting future criminal offending in a community-based sample of males using self-reported psychopathy. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 73, 466-476.
94. Walters, G. D., Duncan, S. A., & Mitchell-Perez, K. (2007). The latent structure of psychopathy: A taxometric investigation of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in a heterogeneous sample of male prison inmates. Assessment, 14, 270-278.
95. Walters, G. D., Gray, N. S., Jackson, R. L., Sewell, K. W., Rogers, R., Taylor, J., etal. (2007). A taxometric analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV): Further evidence of dimensionality. Psychological Assessment, 19, 330-339.
96. Welker, K., Lozoya, E., Campbell, J. A., Neumann, C. S., & Carré, J. M. (2014). Testosterone, cortisol, and psychopathic traits in men and women. Physiology & Behavior, 22, 230-236.
97. Williams, K. D., Paulhus, D. L., & Hare, R. D. (2007). Capturing the four-factor structure of psychopathy in college students via self-report. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 205-219.
98. Wilson, L., Miller, J. D., Zeichner, A., Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). An examination of the validity of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment: Relations with other psychopathy measures, aggression, and externalizing behaviors. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33, 315-322.