The Core of Darkness: Uncovering the Heart of the Dark Triad

European Journal of Personality

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 521-531

  Jones, Daniel Nelson ^a   Figueredo, Aurelio Jose ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b University of Arizona   (United States)

Author keywords

Antisocial behaviour; Personality scales and inventories; Personality types

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886254535     PISSN: 08902070     EISSN: 10990984     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/per.1893     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Ackerman, R. A., Witt, E. A., Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, H., Robins, R. W., & Kashy, D. A. (2011). What does the narcissistic personality inventory really measure? Assessment, 18, 67-87.
2. Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 440-450.
3. Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Boston: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
4. Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 163-175.
5. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
6. Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS: Structural equations program manual. Los Angeles, CA: Multivariate Software.
7. Bentler, P. M., & Bonnett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
8. Brower, M. C., & Price, B. H. (2001). Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behaviour: A critical review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 71, 720-726.
9. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods and Research, 21, 230-258.
10. Buhrmester, M. D., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 3-5.
11. Byrne, B. M. 1994. Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic concepts, appplications, and programming. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
12. Campbell, W. K. (2005). When you love a man who loves himself. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks.
13. Caspi, A., Begg, D., Dickson, N., Harrington, H., Langly, J., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1997). Personality differences predict health-risk behaviors in young adulthood: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1052-1063.
14. Chabrol, H., Van Leeuwen, N., Rodgers, R., & Sejourne, N. (2009). Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 743-739.
15. Christie, R., & Geis, F. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
16. Cooke, D. J., & Michie, C. (2001). Refining the construct of psychopathy: Towards a hierarchical model. Psychological Assessment, 13, 171-188.
17. DePaulo B. M., Kashy D. A., Kirkendol S. E., Wyer M. M., & Epstein J. A. (1996). Lying in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 979-995.
18. Egan, V. (2009). The main predictors of violence; Low A, low A and low A. International Society of Self and Individual Differences (ISSID) conference, Evanston, Illinois.
19. Fehr, B., Samsom, D., & Paulhus, D. L. (1992). The construct of Machiavellianism: Twenty years later. In C. D. Spielberger, & J. N. Butcher (Eds), Advances in Personality Assessment (Vol. 9, pp. 77-116). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Figueredo, A. J., & Jacobs, W. J. (2010). Aggression, risk-taking, and alternative life history strategies: The behavioral ecology of social deviance. In M. Frias-Armenta, & V. Corral-Verdugo (Eds), Bio-Psycho-Social Perspectives on Interpersonal Violence (pp. 3-28). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
21. Figueredo, A. J., Gladden, P. R., Sisco, M. M., & Patch, E. M. (2011a). The Dark Triad, sexual coercion, and Brunswik-Symmetry. Manuscript submitted for publication.
22. Figueredo, A. J., Gladden, P. R., Sisco, M. M., & Patch E. M. (2011b). The dark triad and brunswik-symmetry: Higher-order factors in intelligence and personality research. Italy: Invited Workshop presented at the University of Torino.
23. Figueredo, A. J., McKnight, P. E., McKnight, K. M., & Sidani, S. (2000). Multivariate modeling of missing data within and across assessment waves. Addiction, 95 (Supplement 3), S361-S380.
24. Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor Analysis. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
25. Hare, R. D. (1980). A research scale for the assessment of psychopathy in criminal populations. Personality and Individual Differences, 1, 111-119.
26. Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. New York: Multi-Health Systems.
27. Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy: A clinical construct whose time has come. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23, 25-54.
28. Hare, R. D. (1999). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. New York: Guilford.
29. Hare, R. D. (2003). The Psychopathy Check List (PCL-R) (2nd ed.). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
30. Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2006). The PCL-R assessment of psychopathy: Development, structural properties, and new directions. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathic traits (pp. 58.88). New York: Guilford.
31. Harpur, T. J., Hare, R. D., & Hakstian, A. R. (1989). Two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy: Construct validity and assessment implications. Psychological Assessment, 1, 6-17.
32. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M., 1995. Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. Jakobwitz, S., & Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 331-339.
34. James, L. R., Mulaik, S. A., & Brett, J. M. 1982. Causal analysis: Assumptions, models, and data. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
35. Jonason, P. K., Koenig, B., & Tost, J. (2010). Living a fast life: The Dark Triad and life history strategy. Human Nature, 15, 428-442.
36. Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., Webster, G. D., & Schmitt, D. P. (2009). The Dark Triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy in men. European Journal of Personality, 23, 5-18.
37. Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2009). Machiavellianism. In M. R. Leary, & R. H. Hoyle (Eds), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 102-120). New York: Guilford.
38. Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2010). Differentiating the Dark Triad within the Interpersonal Circumplex. In L. M. Horowitz, & S. Strack (Eds), Handbook of interpersonal psychology: Theory, research, assessment, and therapeutic interventions (pp. 249-268). New York: Wiley.
39. Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2011). The role of impulsivity in the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 670-682.
40. Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2005). Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism in the Five-Factor Model and the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1571-1582.
41. Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Wiltshire, J., Bourdage, J. S., Visser, B. A., & Gallucci, A. (in press). Sex, power, and money: Prediction from the Dark Triad and Honesty-Humility. European Journal of Personality.
42. Lynam, D. R., Hoyle, R. H., & Newman, J. P. (2006). The perils of partialling: Cautionary tales from aggression and psychopathy. Assessment, 13, 328-341.
43. Mahmut, M. K., Menictas, C., Stevenson, R. J., & Homewood, J. (2011). Validating the factor structure of the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale in a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 23, 670-678.
44. Malamuth, N. M. (1996). The confluence model of sexual aggression: Feminist and evolutionary perspectives. In D. M. Buss, & N. M. Malamuth (Eds), Sex, power, conflict: Evolutionary and feminist perspectives (pp. 269-295). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
45. McHoskey, J. W., Worzel, W., & Szyarto, C. (1998). Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 192-210.
46. McKnight, P. E., McKnight, K. M., Sidani, S., & Figueredo, A. J. (2007). Missing Data: A gentle introduction. New York, NY: Guilford.
47. Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., & Campbell, W. K. (2009). Searching for a Vulnerable Dark Triad: Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 78, 1529-1564.
48. Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196.
49. Neal, T. M. S., & Sellbom, M. (2012). Examining the factor structure of the Hare Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 244-253.
50. Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., & Newman, J. P. (2007). The super-ordinate nature of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 102-117.
51. Paolacci, G., Chandler, J., & Ipeirotis, P. G. (2010). Running experiments on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Judgement and Decision Making, 5, 411-419.
52. Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556-563.
53. Paulhus, D. L., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (in press). Manual for the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
54. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., & Levin, S. (2006). Social dominance theory and the dynamics of intergroup relations: taking stock and looking forward. European Review of Social Psychology, 17, 271-320.
55. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social-dominance orientation as an intergroup construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741-763.
56. Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590.
57. Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., Miller, J. D., & Martinez, M. A. (2007). Psychopathy and aggression: Examining the role of psychopathy factors in predicting laboratory aggression under hostile and instrumental conditions. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 1244-1251.
58. Sidanius, J. (1993). The psychology of group conflict and the dynamics of oppression. In S. Iyengar, & W. J. McGuire (Eds), Explorations in political psychology (pp. 183-219). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
59. Sidanius, J., & Liu, J. (1992). Racism, support for the Persian Gulf War, and the polic beating of Rodney King: A social dominance perspective. Journal of Social Psychology, 132, 685-699.
60. Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1993). Racism and support of free-market capitalism: A cross-cultural analysis. Political Psychology, 14, 383-403.
61. Sidanius, J., Levin, S., Liu, J., & Pratto, F. (2000). Social dominance orientation, anti-egalitarianism and the political psychology of gender: an extension and cross-cultural replication. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 41-67.
62. Steiger, J. H., & Lind, J. C. (1980). Statistically-based tests for the number of common factors. Paper Presented at the Annual Spring Meeting of the Psychometric Society in Iowa City. May 30, 1980.
63. Vazire, S., & Funder, D. C. (2006). Impulsivity and the self-defeating behavior of narcissists. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 154-165.
64. Vernon, P. A., Villani, V. C., Vickers, L. C., & Harris, J. A. (2008). A behavioral genetic investigation of the Dark Triad and the Big 5. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 445-452.
65. Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathetic nature of the dark triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 794-799.
66. Watson, P. J., Grisham, S. O., Trotter, M. V., & Biderman, M. D. (1984). Narcissism and empathy: validity evidence for the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 301-305.
67. Widaman, K. F. (1985). Hierarchically nested covariance structure models for multitrait- multimethod data. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9, 1-26.
68. Williams, K. M., Paulhus, D. L., & Hare, R. D. (2007). Capturing the four-factor structure of psychopathy in college students via self-report. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 205-219.
69. Wilson, D. S., Near, D. C., & Miller, R. R. (1996). Machiavellianism: A synthesis of the evolutionary and psychological literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 285-299.
70. Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 806-838.