Insulin pump therapy, multiple daily injections, and cardiovascular mortality in 18 168 people with type 1 diabetes: Observational study

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 350, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Steineck, Isabelle ^a   Cederholm, Jan ^b   Eliasson, Björn ^c   Rawshani, Araz ^d   Eeg Olofsson, Katarina ^c   Svensson, Ann Marie ^d   Zethelius, Björn ^b,e   Avdic, Tarik ^d   Landin Olsson, Mona ^f   Jendle, Johan ^g   Gudbjörnsdóttir, Soffia ^c,d  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^d National Diabetes Register   (Sweden)

^e MEDICAL PRODUCTS AGENCY   (Sweden)

^f LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^g ÖREBRO UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; INSULIN; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE DURATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INSULIN PUMP; INSULIN TREATMENT; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PATIENT EDUCATION; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK REDUCTION; SWEDEN; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INJECTION; INSULIN INFUSION; MORTALITY; REGISTER; RISK FACTOR;

BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INJECTIONS; INSULIN; INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; REGISTRIES; RISK FACTORS; SWEDEN;

EID: 84939233336     PISSN: 09598146     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h3234     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Lind M, Svensson AM, Kosiborod M, et al. Glycemic control and excess mortality in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 1972-82.
2. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2643-53.
3. Eeg-Olofsson K, Cederholm J, Nilsson PM, et al. Glycemic control and cardiovascular disease in 7454 patients with type 1 diabetes: an observational study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1640-6.
4. Lung TW, Petrie D, Herman WH, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and mortality after cardiovascular events for Type 1 diabetic patients in Sweden. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 2974-81.
5. Plotnick L P, Clark LM, Brancati FL, et al. Safety and effectiveness of insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 1142-6.
6. Bruttomesso D, Pianta A, Crazzolara D, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in the Veneto region: efficacy, acceptability and quality of life. Diabet Med 2002; 19: 628-34.
7. Misso ML, Egberts KJ, Page M, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 1: CD005103.
8. Fatourechi MM, Kudva YC, Murad MH, et al. Hypoglycemia with intensive insulin therapy: a systematic review and meta analyses of randomized trials of CSII versus MDI. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 729-40.
9. Jeitler K, Horvath K, Berghold A, et al Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injections in patients with diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 941-51.
10. Monami M, Lamanna C, Marchionni N, et al. CSII versus MDI in type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 2010; 47: 77-81.
11. Fredheim S, Johansen A, Thorsen SU, et al. Nationwide reduction in the frequency of severe hypoglycemia by half. Acta Diabetol 2014; 52: 591-9.
12. Annual Report 2013. Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR), Sweden, 2013. www.ndr.nu.
13. Gudbjörnsdottir S, Cederholm J, Nilsson PM, et al, for the Steering Committee of the National Diabetes Register. The National Diabetes Register in Sweden. An implementation of the St. Vincent Declaration for Quality Improvement in Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 1270-6.
14. Cederholm J, Eeg-Olofsson K, Eliasson B, et al.; Swedish National Diabetes Register. A new model for 5-year risk of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes; from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). Diabet Med 2011; 28: 1213-20.
15. Eliasson B, Gudbjörnsdottir S. Diabetes care - improvement through measurement. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106(suppl. 2): S291-4.
16. Geistanger A, Arends S, Berding C, et al. Statistical methods for monitoring the relationship between the IFCC reference measurement procedure for hemoglobin A1c and the designated comparison methods in the United States, Japan, and Sweden. Clin Chem 2008; 54: 1379-85.
17. Merlo J, Lindblad U, Pessah-Rasmussen H, et al. Comparison of different procedures to identify probable cases of myocardial infarction and stroke in two Swedish prospective cohort studies using local and national routine registers. Eur J Epidemiol 2000; 16: 235-43.
18. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amouyel P, et al. Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation 1994; 90: 583-612.
19. Berglund P, Heeringa S, eds. Multiple imputation of missing data using SAS. SAS Institute, July 2014.
20. D'Agostino RB Jr. Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group. Stat Med 1998; 17: 2265-81.
21. Faries DE, Leon AC, Haro JM, eds. Analysis of observational health care data using SAS. SAS Institute, February 2010.
22. Austin PC, Grootendorst P, Anderson GM. A comparison of the ability of different propensity score models to balance measured variables between treated and untreated subjects: a Monte Carlo study. Stat Med 2007; 26: 734-53.
23. Estimating Cox regression models with Proc Phreg. In: Allison PD, ed. Survival analysis using SAS. A practical guide. Chapter 5. 2nd ed. SAS Institute, April 2010.
24. Lin DY, Psaty BM, Kronmal RA. Assessing the sensitivity of regression results to unmeasured confounders in observational studies. Biometrics 1998; 54: 948-63.
25. Abdollah F, Schmitges J, Sun M, et al. Comparison of mortality outcomes after radical prostatectomy versus radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer: a population-based analysis. Int J Urol 2012; 19: 836-44.
26. Eklind-Cervenka M, Benson L, Dahlström U, et al. Association of candesartan vs losartan with all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. JAMA 2011; 305: 175-82.
27. Sooriakumaran P, Nyberg T, Akre O, et al. Comparative effectiveness of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy in prostate cancer: observational study of mortality outcomes. BMJ 2014; 348: g1502.
28. Ekström N, Cederholm J, Zethelius B, et al. Aspirin treatment and risk of first incident cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. BMJ Open 2013; 3: e002688.
29. Pickup JC, Sutton AJ. Severe hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control in type 1diabetes: meta-analysis of multiple daily insulin injections compared with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabet Med 2008; 25: 765-74.
30. Arbab-Zadeh A, Nakano M, Virmani R, et al. Acute coronary events. Circulation 2012; 125: 1147-56.
31. Bode BW, Steed RD, Davidson PC. Reduction in severe hypoglycemia with long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 324-7.
32. Yeh HC, Brown TT, Maruthur N, et al. Comparative effectiveness and safety of methods of insulin delivery and glucose monitoring for diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2012; 157: 336-47.
33. Chow E, Bernjak A, Williams S, et al. Risk of cardiac arrhythmias during hypoglycemia in patients with type diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Diabetes 2014; 63: 1738-47.
34. Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Wijesuriya S, et al. Effects of intensive control of glucose on cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Lancet 2009; 373: 1765-72.
35. Stahn A, Pistrosch F, Ganz X, et al. Relationship between hypoglycemic episodes and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: silent hypoglycemias and silent arrhythmias. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 516-20.
36. Health Quality Ontario. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps for type 1 and type 2 adult diabetic populations: an evidence-based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser 2009; 9: 1-58.
37. Pickup JC Insulin-pump therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1616-24.
38. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129-39.
39. Mellbin LG, Rydén L, Riddle MC, et al. Does hypoglycaemia increase the risk of cardiovascular events? A report from the ORIGIN trial. Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 3137-44.
40. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes 1997; 46: 271-86.
41. Gruden G, Barutta F, Chaturvedi N, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and cardiovascular disease incidence in type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1598-604.
42. Gimenez M, Lopez JJ, Castell C, et al. Hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Results from the Catalan National Public Health registry on insulin pump therapy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 96: 23-5.
43. Bergenstal RM, Tamborlane WV, Ahmann A, et al. Effectiveness of sensor augmented insulin pump therapy in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 311-20.
44. Snow R, Humphrey C, Sandall J. What happens when patients know more than their doctors? Experiences of health interactions after diabetes patient education: a qualitative patient-led study. BMJ Open 2013; 3: e003583.