Risk of cardiac arrhythmias during hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk

Diabetes

Volumn 63, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1738-1747

  Chow, Elaine ^a   Bernjak, Alan ^a   Williams, Scott ^a   Fawdry, Robert A ^a   Hibbert, Steve ^a   Freeman, Jenny ^a   Sheridan, Paul J ^a   Heller, Simon R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; BLOOD GLUCOSE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; HEART; HEART RATE; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INSULIN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK;

EID: 84899103023     PISSN: 00121797     EISSN: 1939327X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/db13-0468     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Hemmingsen B, Lund SS, Gluud C, et al. Intensive glycaemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2011;343:d6898
2. Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al.; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2560-2572 (Pubitemid 351831357)
3. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al.; VADT Investigators. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;360:129-139
4. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S, et al.; ACCORD Study Group. Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med 2011;364:818-828
5. Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, et al.; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1410-1418
6. Celebi S, Celebi OO, Aydogdu S, Diker E. A peculiar medical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with glucose infusion-a rare cause of atrial fibrillation: hypoglycemia. Am J Emerg Med 2011;29:134.e1-3
7. Bolognesi R, Tsialtas D, Bolognesi MG, Giumelli C. Marked sinus bradycardia and QT prolongation in a diabetic patient with severe hypoglycemia. J Diabetes Complications 2011;25:349-351
8. Lindström T, Jorfeldt L, Tegler L, Arnqvist HJ. Hypoglycaemia and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1992;9:536-541
9. Nordin C. The case for hypoglycaemia as a proarrhythmic event: basic and clinical evidence. Diabetologia 2010;53:1552-1561
10. Zhang Y, Han H, Wang J, Wang H, Yang B, Wang Z. Impairment of human ether-à-go-go-related gene (HERG) K+ channel function by hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Similar phenotypes but different mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2003;278:10417-10426 (Pubitemid 36800307)
11. Marques JL, George E, Peacey SR, et al. Altered ventricular repolarization during hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes. Diabet Med 1997;14:648-654 (Pubitemid 27346853)
12. Koivikko ML, Salmela PI, Airaksinen KE, et al. Effects of sustained insulin-induced hypoglycemia on cardiovascular autonomic regulation in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2005;54:744-750 (Pubitemid 40322077)
13. Schächinger H, Port J, Brody S, et al. Increased high-frequency heart rate variability during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in healthy humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004;106:583-588 (Pubitemid 38797570)
14. Lee SP, Yeoh L, Harris ND, et al. Influence of autonomic neuropathy on QTc interval lengthening during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2004;53:1535-1542 (Pubitemid 38697666)
15. Ewing DJ, Clarke BF. Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:916-918 (Pubitemid 12068967)
16. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, et al.; Toronto Diabetic Neuropathy Expert Group. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010;33:2285-2293
17. O'Brien IA, O'Hare P, Corrall RJ. Heart rate variability in healthy subjects: effect of age and the derivation of normal ranges for tests of autonomic function. Br Heart J 1986;55:348-354 (Pubitemid 16104616)
18. Clarke WL, Anderson S, Farhy L, et al. Evaluating the clinical accuracy of two continuous glucose sensors using continuous glucose-error grid analysis. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2412-2417 (Pubitemid 41384286)
19. Weinstein RL, Schwartz SL, Brazg RL, Bugler JR, Peyser TA, McGarraugh GV. Accuracy of the 5-day FreeStyle Navigator Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: comparison with frequent laboratory reference measurements. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1125-1130 (Pubitemid 46684636)
20. Gill GV, Woodward A, Casson IF, Weston PJ. Cardiac arrhythmia and nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes - the 'dead in bed' syndrome revisited. Diabetologia 2009;52:42-45
21. Richardson T, Kerr D. Moderators, monitoring and management of hypoglycaemia. In Hypoglycaemia in Clinical Diabetes. 2nd ed. Frier BM, Fisher M, Eds. Chichester, U.K., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007, p. 101-120
22. UK Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: effects of treatment modalities and their duration. Diabetologia 2007;50:1140-1147
23. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation 1996;93:1043-1065
24. Bernardi L, Spallone V, Stevens M, et al. Toronto Consensus Panel D: Methods of investigation for cardiac autonomic dysfunction in human research studies. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011;27:654-664
25. Montano N, Ruscone TG, Porta A, Lombardi F, Pagani M, Malliani A. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance during graded orthostatic tilt. Circulation 1994;90:1826-1831 (Pubitemid 24320931)
26. Badilini F, Maison-Blanche P, Childers R, Coumel P. QT interval analysis on ambulatory electrocardiogram recordings: a selective beat averaging approach. Med Biol Eng Comput 1999;37:71-79
27. Lepeschkin E, Surawicz B. The measurement of the Q-T interval of the electrocardiogram. Circulation 1952;6:378-388
28. Christensen TF, Randløv J, Kristensen LE, Eldrup E, Hejlesen OK, Struijk JJ. QT Measurement and Heart Rate Correction during Hypoglycemia: Is There a Bias? Cardiol Res Pract 2010;2010:961290
29. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al.; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2545-2559 (Pubitemid 351831356)
30. Russell RR 3rd, Chyun D, Song S, et al. Cardiac responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001;281:E1029-E1036
31. Banarer S, Cryer PE. Sleep-related hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in type 1 diabetes: reduced awakening from sleep during hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2003;52:1195-1203 (Pubitemid 36523356)
32. Fisher BM, Gillen G, Hepburn DA, Dargie HJ, Frier BM. Cardiac responses to acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans. Am J Physiol 1990;258:H1775-H1779 (Pubitemid 20226312)
33. Lloyd-Mostyn RH, Oram S. Modification by propranolol of cardiovascular effects of induced hypoglycaemia. Lancet 1975;1:1213-1215
34. Verrier RL, Muller JE, Hobson JA. Sleep, dreams, and sudden death: the case for sleep as an autonomic stress test for the heart. Cardiovasc Res 1996;31:181-211 (Pubitemid 26090896)
35. Landstedt-Hallin L, Englund A, Adamson U, Lins PE. Increased QT dispersion during hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 1999;246:299-307 (Pubitemid 29426449)
36. Robinson RT, Harris ND, Ireland RH, Macdonald IA, Heller SR. Changes in cardiac repolarization during clinical episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004;47:312-315 (Pubitemid 38315368)
37. Segel SA, Paramore DS, Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in advanced type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002;51:724-733 (Pubitemid 34760182)
38. El-Sherif N, Turitto G. Torsade de pointes. In Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside. 4th ed. Zipes D, Jalife J, Eds. Philadelphia, Saunders, 2004, p. 683-699
39. Farkas A, Dempster J, Coker SJ. Importance of vagally mediated bradycardia for the induction of torsade de pointes in an in vivo model. Br J Pharmacol 2008;154:958-970 (Pubitemid 351915056)
40. Desouza C, Salazar H, Cheong B, Murgo J, Fonseca V. Association of hypoglycemia and cardiac ischemia: a study based on continuous monitoring. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1485-1489 (Pubitemid 36929183)
41. McGowan K, Thomas W, Moran A. Spurious reporting of nocturnal hypoglycemia by CGMS in patients with tightly controlled type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1499-1503 (Pubitemid 41071101)
42. Choudhary P, Lonnen K, Emery CJ, Freeman JV, McLeod KM, Heller SR. Relationship between interstitial and blood glucose during hypoglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011;13:1121-1127
43. Heller SR. Abnormalities of the electrocardiogram during hypoglycaemia: the cause of the dead in bed syndrome? Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2002;129:27-32