Connecting personality structure and dynamics: Towards a more evidence-based and clinically useful diagnostic scheme

Journal of Personality Disorders

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 431-448

  Hopwood, Christopher J ^a   Zimmermann, Johannes ^b   Pincus, Aaron L ^c   Krueger, Robert F ^d  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KASSEL   (Germany)

^c PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CASE REPORT; CONCEPT FORMATION; EGO DEVELOPMENT; EMOTION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; INDIVIDUALITY; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PSYCHOLOGY;

ADULT; CONCEPT FORMATION; EMOTIONS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; PERSONALITY DISORDERS;

EID: 84939178665     PISSN: 0885579X     EISSN: 19432763     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2015.29.4.431     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Altenstein, D., Krieger, T., & Grosse Holtforth, M. (2013). Interpersonal microprocesses predict cognitive-emotional processing and the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy for depression. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 445-452.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Anchin, J. C., & Pincus, A. L. (2010). Evidencebased interpersonal psychotherapy with personality disorders: Theory, components, and strategies. In J. J. Magnavita (Ed.), Evidencebased treatment of personality dysfunction: Principles, methods, and processes (pp. 113- 166). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
4. Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2004). Interpersonal perceptions of the five-factor model of personality: An examination using the structural summary method for circumplex data. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 167-201.
5. Bach, B., Markon, K. E., Simonsen, E., & Krueger, R. F. (2015). Clinical utility of the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders: Six cases from practice. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 21, 3-25.
6. Beltz, A. M., Beekman, C., Molenaar, P. C. M., & Buss, K. A. (2013). Mapping temporal dynamics in social interactions with unified structural equation modeling: A description and demonstration revealing time-dependent sex differences in play behavior. Applied Developmental Psychology, 17, 152-168.
7. Benjamin, L. S. (1993). Every psychopathology is a gift of love. Psychotherapy Research, 3, 1-24.
8. Benjamin, L. S. (1996). Interpersonal diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. New York, NY: Guilford.
9. Benjamin, L. S. (2003). Interpersonal reconstructive therapy: Promoting change in nonresponders. New York, NY: Guilford.
10. Bornstein, R. F. (2002). A process dissociation approach to objective-projective test score interrelationships. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 47-68.
11. Cain, N. M., & Pincus, A. L. (in press). Treating maladaptive interpersonal signatures. In W. J. Livesley, G. Dimaggio, & J. F. Clarkin (Eds.), Integrated treatment for personality disorder: A modular approach. New York, NY: Guilford.
12. Carlson, E. N., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2015). The role of metaperception in personality disorders: Do people with personality problems know how others experience their personality? Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 449-467.
13. Clark, L. A. (1993). Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
14. Clarkin, J. F., & Huprich, S. K. (2011). Do the DSM-5 proposals for personality disorders meet the criteria for clinical utility? Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 192-205
15. Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory and Five-Factor Inventory Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
16. Critchfield, K. L., & Benjamin, L. S. (2008). Internalized representations of early interpersonal experience and adult relationships: A test of copy process theory in clinical and non-clinical settings. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 71, 71-92.
17. Critchfield, K. L., & Benjamin, L. S. (2010). Assessment of repeated relational patterns for individual cases using SASB-Based Intrex Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82, 480-489.
18. Critchfield, K. L., Benjamin, L. S., & Levenick, K. (2015). Reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of case formulations for comorbid profiles in interpersonal reconstructive therapy: Addressing mechanisms of psychopathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 551-577.
19. Cuthbert, B. N., & Kozak, M. J. (2013). Constructing constructs for psychopathology: The NIMH research domain criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 928-937.
20. DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the big five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 880-896.
21. Digman, J. M. (1996). The curious history of the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives (pp. 1-20). New York, NY: Guilford.
22. Eaton, N. R., South, S. C., & Krueger, R. F. (2009). The Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) approach to personality and the concept of personality disorder: Integrating clinical and social-cognitive research. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 208-217.
23. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Pesonailty and individual differences: A natural science approach. New York, NY: Plenum.
24. Fleeson, W. (2001). Toward a structure- and process- integrated view of personality: Traits as density distributions of states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 1011-1027.
25. Fournier, M. A., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2009). The interpersonal signature. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 155-162.
26. Graber, E. C., Laurenceau, J. P., & Carver, C. S. (2011). Integrating the dynamics of personality and close relationship processes: Methodological and data analytic implications. Journal of Personality, 79, 1403-1439.
27. Gunderson, J. G. (2009). Borderline personality disorder: Ontogeny of a diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 530-539.
28. Harkness, A. R., Reynolds, S. M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2014). A review of systems for psychology and psychiatry: Adaptive systems, personality psychopathology 5 (PSY-5), and DSM-5. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 121-139.
29. He, Q., Veldkamp, B. P., & de Vries, T. (2012). Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder using verbal features in self-narratives: A text mining approach. Psychiatry Research, 198, 441-447.
30. Hopwood, C. J., Malone, J. C., Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H.,... Morey, L. C. (2011). Personality assessment in DSM-V: Empirical support for rating severity, style, and traits. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 305-320.
31. Hopwood, C. J., Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. G. C. (in press). The interpersonal situation: Integrating clinical assessment, formulation, and intervention. In D. B. Samuel & D. Lynam (Eds.), Using basic research to inform personality disorders. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
32. Hopwood, C. J., Wright, A. G. C., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The interpersonal core of personality pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 270-295.
33. Kernberg, O. F. (1984). Severe personality disorders. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
34. Kiesler, D. J. (1983). The 1982 interpersonal circle: A taxonomy for complementarity in human transactions. Psychological Review, 90, 185-214.
35. Krueger, R. F. (2013). Personality disorders are the vanguard of the post-DSM-5 era. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 355-362.
36. Krueger, R. F. (1999). The structure of common mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 921-926.
37. Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1879-189.
38. Krueger, R. F., & Eaton, N. (2010). Personality traits and the classification of mental disorders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1, 97-118.
39. Krueger, R. F., Hopwood, C. J., Wright, A. G. C., & Markon, K. E. (2014). DSM-5 and the path toward empirically based and clinically useful conceptualization of personality and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21, 245-261.
40. Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2014). The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 477-501.
41. Kushner, S. C., Quilty, L. C., Tackett, J. L., & Bagby, R. M. (2011). The hierarchical structure of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ). Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 504-516.
42. Leary, T. (1957). Interpersonal diagnosis of personality. New York, NY: Ronald Press.
43. Leichsenring, F., Leibing, E., Kruse, J., New, A. S., & Leweke, F. (2011). Borderline personality disorder. The Lancet, 377, 74-84.
44. Leising, D., Krause, S., Kohler, D., Hinsen, K., & Clifton, A. (2011). Assessing interpersonal functioning: Views from within and without. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(6), 631-641.
45. Leising, D., & Zimmermann, J. (2011). An integrative conceptual framework for assessing personality and personality pathology. Review of General Psychology, 15, 317-330.
46. Livesley, W. J., Jang, K. L., & Vernon, P. A. (1998). The phenotypic and genetic architecture of traits deliniating personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 941-948.
47. Lizdek, I., Sadler, P., Woody, E., Ethier, N., & Malet, G. (2012). Capturing the stream of behavior: A computer-joystick method for coding interpersonal behavior continuously over time. Social Science Computer Review, 30, 513-521.
48. Locke, K. D. (2000). Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values: Reliability, validity, and applicability to interpersonal probems and personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75, 249-267.
49. Loevinger, J. (1966). Three principles for a psychoanalytic psychology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71, 432-443.
50. Luborsky, L., & Crits-Cristoph, P. (1998). Understanding transference: The core conflictual relationship theme method. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
51. Markon, K. E., Krueger, R. F., & Watson, D. (2005). Delineating the structure of normal and abnormal personality: An integrative hierarchical approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 139-157.
52. McAdams, D. P., Anyidoho, N. A., Brown, C., Huang, Y. T., Kaplan, B., & Machado, M. A. (2004). Traits and stories: Links between dispositional and narrative features of personality. Journal of Personality, 72, 761-784.
53. McCrae, R. R., Hardwood, T. M., & Kelly, S. L. (2011). The NEO inventories. In T. M. Hardwood, L. E. Beutler, & G. Groth-Marnat (Eds.), Integrative assessment of adult personality (3rd ed., pp. 252-275). New York, NY: Guilford.
54. McWilliams, N. (2012). Beyond traits: Personality as intersubjective themes. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 563-570.
55. Mehl, M. R., Pennebaker, J. W., Crow, D. M., Dabbs, J., & Price, J. H. (2001). The Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR): A device for sampling naturalistic daily activities and conversations. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 33(4), 517-523.
56. Miskewicz, K., Fleeson, W., Arnold, E. M., Law, M. K., Mneimne, M., & Furr, R. M. (2015). A contingency-oriented approach to understanding borderline personality disorder: Situational triggers and symptoms. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 486-502.
57. Molenaar, P. C. M., & Campbell, C. G. (2009). The new person-specific paradigm in psychology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 112-117.
58. Morey, L. C., Krueger, R. F., & Skodol, A. E. (2013). The hierarchical structure of clinician ratings of proposed DSM-5 pathological personality traits. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 836-841.
59. Morey, L. C., Skodol, A. E., & Oldham, J. M. (2014). Clinician judgments of clinical utility: A comparison of DSM-IV-TR personality disorders and the alternative model for DSM-5 personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 398-405.
60. Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2004). Flux, pulse, and spin: Dynamic additions to the personality lexicon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 880-893.
61. Murray, H. A. (1943). Thematic Apperception Test. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
62. OPD Task Force. (2008). Operationalized psychodynamic diagnosis OPD-2: Manual of diagnosis and treatment planning. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe.
63. Pincus, A. L. (2005). A contemporary integrative interpersonal theory of personality disorders. In J. Clarkin & M. Lenzenweger (Eds.), Major theories of personality disorder (2nd ed., pp. 282-331). New York, NY Guilford.
64. Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2003). Interpersonal theory of personality. In T. Millon & M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Personality and social psychology, Vol. 5 (pp. 209-229). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
65. Pincus, A. L., & Hopwood, C. J. (2012). A contemporary interpersonal model of personality pathology and personality disorder. In T. A. Widiger (Ed.), Oxford handbook of personality disorders (pp. 372-398). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
66. Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R., & Wright, A. G. C. (2010). The interpersonal nexus of personality and psychopathology. In T. Millon, R. F. Krueger, & E. Simonsen (Eds.), Contemporary directions in psychopathology: Scientific foundations for DSM-5 and ICD-11 (pp. 523-552). New York, NY: Guilford.
67. Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R., Wright, A. G. C., & Eichler, W. C. (2009). The interpersonal nexus of persons, situations, and psychopathology. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 264-265.
68. Pincus, A. L., Sadler, P., Woody, E., Roche, M. J., Thomas, K. M., & Wright, A. G. C. (2014). Multimethod assessment of interpersonal dynamics. In C. J. Hopwood & R. F. Bornstein (Eds.), Multimethod clinical assessment (pp. 51-91). New York, NY: Guilford.
69. Revelle, W., & Condon, D. M. (2015). A model for personality at three levels. Journal of Research in Personality. Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.12.006
70. Richardson, M. J., & Marsh, K. L. (2014). Complex dynamical systems in social and personality psychology: Theory, modeling, and analysis. In H. T. Reis and C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology: Theory, modeling, and analysis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
71. Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Hyde, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Ram, N. (2013). Within-person covariation of agentic and communal perceptions: Implications for interpersonal theory and assessment. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 445-552.
72. Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Rebar, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Ram, N. (2014). Enriching psychological assessment using a person-specific analysis of interpersonal processes in daily life. Assessment, 21, 515-528.
73. Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161-1178.
74. Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2015). Intrapersonal variability in negative affect as a moderator of accuracy and bias in interpersonal perception. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 468-485.
75. Sadler, P., Woody, E., McDonald, K., Lizdek, I., & Litte, J. (2015). A lot can happen in a few minutes: Examining dyadic patterns within an interaction to illuminate the interpersonal nature of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 530-550.
76. Schauenburg, H., & Grande, T. (2011). Interview measures of interpersonal functioning and quality of object relations. In L. M. Horowitz & S. Strack (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal psychology: Theory, research, assessment, therapeutic interventions (pp. 343-358). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
77. Sharp, C., Wright, A. G. C., Fowler, J. C., Frueh, B. C., Allen, J. G., Oldham, J., & Clark, L. A. (2015). The structure of personality pathology: Both general ('g') and specific ('s') factors? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 387-398.
78. Simms, L. J., Goldberg, L. R., Roberts, J. E., Watson, D., Welte, J., & Rotterman, J. H. (2011). Computerized adaptive assessment of personality disorder: Introducing the CAT-PD project. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 380-389.
79. Strupp, H. H., & Binder, J. L. (1984). Psychotherapy in a new key: A guide to time-limited dynamic psychotherapy. New York, NY: Basic Books.
80. Tellegen, A. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety with an emphasis on self-report. In A. H. Tuma & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 681-706). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
81. Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Woody, E., Ethier, N., & Sadler P. (2014). Interpersonal processes in psychotherapy: A reanalysis of the Gloria films. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 1-14.
82. Tracey, T. J. G., Bludworth, J., & Glidden-Tracey, C. E. (2012). Are there parallel processes in psychotherapy supervision? An empirical examination. Psychotherapy, 49(3), 330-343.
83. Trull, T. J., & Ebner-Priemer, U. (2013). Ambulatory assessment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 151-176.
84. Trull, T. J., Solhan, M. B., Tragesser, S. L., Jahng, S., Wood, P. K., Piasecki, T. M., & Watson, D. (2008). Affective instability: Measuring a core feature of borderline personality disorder with ecological momentary assessment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 647-661.
85. Turkheimer, E., Ford, D. C., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2008). Regional analysis of self-reported personality disorder criteria. Journal of Personality, 76(6), 1587-1622.
86. Van Asselt, A. D. I., Dirksen, C. D., Arntz, A., & Severens, J. L. (2007). The cost of borderline personality disorder: Societal cost of illness in BPD patients. European Psychiatry, 22, 354-361.
87. Van den Broeck, J., Bastiaansen, L., Rossi, G., Dierckx, E., De Clercq, B., & Hoffmans, J. (2014). Hierarchical structure of maladaptive personality traits in older adults: Joint factor analysis of the PID-5 and DAPP-BQ. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 198-211.
88. Vazire, S. (2006). Informant reports: A cheap, fast, and easy method for personality assessment. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 472-481.
89. Verheul, R., Bartak, A., & Widiger, T. A. (2007). Prevalence and construct validity of Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDNOS). Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 359-370.
90. Wachtel, P. L. (2014). Cyclical psychodynamics and the contextual self: The inner world, intimate worlds, and the world of culture and society. New York, NY: Routledge.
91. Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235.
92. Wickham, R. E., & Knee, C. R. (2013). Examining temporal processes in diary studies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 1184-1198.
93. Widiger, T. A., & Simonsen, E. (2005). Alternative dimensional models of personality disorder: Finding a common ground. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 110-130.
94. Wiggins, J. S. (1973). Personality and prediction: Principles of personality assessment. Malabar, FL: Krieger.
95. Wright, A. G. C., Hallquist, M. N., Swartz, H., Frank, E., & Cyranowski, J. M. (2014). Treating co-occurring depression and anxiety: Modeling the dynamics of psychopathology and psychotherapy using the time-varying effect model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82, 839-853.
96. Wright, A. G. C., Hopwood, C. J., & Simms, L. J. (2015). Daily interpersonal and affective dynamics in personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 503-529.
97. Wright, A. G. C., & Simms, L. J. (2014). On the structure of personality disorder traits: Conjoint analyses of the CAT-PD, PID-5, and NEO-PI-3 trait models. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 43-54.
98. Wright, A. G. C., Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Markon, K. E., Pincus, A. L., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). The hierarchical structure of DSM-5 pathological personality traits. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 951-957.
99. Yik, S. M., & Russell, J. A. (2004). On the relationship between circumplexes: Affect and Wiggins' IAS. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 203-230.
100. Zimmermann, J., Benecke, C., Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., Krueger, R. F., & Leising, D. (2013). Personlichkeitsdiagnostik im DSM-5 [Personality assessment in DSM-5]. Psychotherapeut, 58, 455-465.