The art of living together: Reducing stereotyping and prejudicial attitudes through the Arab-Jewish Class Exchange Program (CEP)

Journal of Educational Psychology

Volumn 107, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 678-688

  Berger, Rony ^a,b   Abu Raiya, Hisham ^b   Gelkopf, Marc ^c  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

Author keywords

Arab Jewish Class Exchange Program; Contact theory; Israeli palestinian conflict; Prejudice reduction

Indexed keywords

EID: 84938882127     PISSN: 00220663     EISSN: 19392176     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/edu0000015     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A. (1995). Parental and peer influences on children's racial attitudes. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371-381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(96)00024-7
2. Aboud, F. E., & Fenwick, V. (1999). Exploring and evaluating schoolbased interventions to reduce prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 767-785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00146
3. Allport, G. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
4. Al Ramiah, A., & Hewstone, M. (2013). Intergroup contact as a tool for reducing, resolving, and preventing intergroup conflict: Evidence, limitations, and potential. American Psychologist, 68, 527-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032603
5. Bar-Tal, D. (1996). Development of social categories and stereotypes in early childhood: The case of "The Arab" concept formation, stereotype and attitudes by Jewish children in Israel. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 341-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(96)00023-5
6. Bar-Tal, D. (2005). Psychological obstacles to peace-making in the Middle East and proposals to overcome them. Conflict & Communication Online, 4, 1-15.
7. Bar-Tal, D., & Labin, D. (2001). The effect of a major event on stereotyping: Terrorist attacks in Israel and Israeli adolescents' perceptions of Palestinians, Jordanians and Arabs. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 265-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.43
8. Bekerman, Z. (2007). Rethinking intergroup encounters: Rescuing praxis from theory, activity from education, and peace/co-existence from identity and culture. Peace Education, 4, 29-41.
9. Ben-Ari, R. (2004). Coping with the Jewish-Arab conflict: A comparison among three models. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 307-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00111.x
10. Berger, R., Gelkopf, M., Heineberg, Y., & Zimbrado, P. (submitted). Developing resiliency and promoting tolerance toward the other in Jewish Israeli elementary school students facing ongoing rocket shelling.
11. Brenick, A., Killen, M., Lee-Kim, J., Fox, N., Leavitt, A., Raviv, S. M., . . . Al-Smadi, Y. (2010). Social understanding in young Israeli-Jewish, Israeli-Palestinian, Palestinian, and Jordanian children: Moral judgments and stereotypes. Early Education and Development, 21, 886-911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10409280903236598
12. Buss, D. M. (2009). How can evolutionary psychology successfully explain Personality and individual differences? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 359-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.x
13. Cohen, A. (1985). Ugly faces in the mirror. Tel Aviv, Israel: Reshafim Publishers.
14. Coleman, P. T., & Deutsch, M. (2000). Some guidelines for developing a creative approach to conflict. In M. Deutsch & P. Coleman (Eds.), Handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (pp. 355-366). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
15. Connolly, P. (2000). What is now for the contact hypothesis? Towards a new research agenda. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 3, 169-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13613320050074023
16. Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. (1999). Differential evaluation of crossed category groups: Patterns processes and reducing intergroup bias. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2, 307-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430299024001
17. Desivilya, H. S. (2004). Promoting coexistence by means of conflict education: The MACBE Model. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 339-355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00115.x
18. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. A., & Mellott, D. S. A. (2002). A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. Psychological Review, 109, 3-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.1.3
19. Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. (2004). Existence and co-existence in Acre: The power of educational activism. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 357-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00116.x
20. Ilan, S., & Singer-Heruti, R. (12 January 2009). Israel bans Arab parties from running in upcoming elections. Israel: Haaretz.
21. Kaminsky, M., & Bar-Tal, D. (1996). Stereotypic perceptions of different Israeli-Arab labels as a function of age and religiosity. Studies in Education, 1, 121-157.
22. Kashti, O. (12 March 2010). Poll: Half of Israeli high schoolers oppose equal rights for Arabs. Israel: Haaretz. Archived from the original on 13 March 2010.
23. Katz, P. A., & Zalk, S. R. (1978). Modification of children's racial attitudes. Developmental Psychology, 14, 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.14.5.447
24. Kelman, H. C. (1998). Interactive problem solving: An approach to conflict resolution and its application in the Middle East. PS: Political Science & Politics, 31, 190-198.
25. Khoury, J. (21 March, 2010). Current Knesset is the most racist in Israeli history. Israel: Haaretz.
26. Kilpatrick, R., & Leitch, R. (2004). Teachers' and pupils' educational experiences and school-based responses to the conflict in Northern Ireland. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 563-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00372.x
27. Lavi, I., Canetti, D., Sharvit, K., Bar-Tal, D., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2012). Protected by ethos in a protracted conflict? A Comparative study among Israelis and Palestinians in the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem. Journal of Conflict Resolution. Retrieved from http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/10/18/0022002712459711
28. Lustig, I. (2003). The influence of studying foreign conflicts on students' perceptions of the Israeli Palestinian conflict. (Unpublished master's thesis.) Haifa University, Haifa, Israel.
29. Mahameed, H., & Guttmann, J. (1983). Autostereotypes and heterstereotypes of Jews and Arabs in different contact situations. Israeli Journal of Psychology and Counseling, 16, 90-107.
30. Maoz, I. (2011). Does contact work in protracted asymmetrical conflict? Appraising 20 years of reconciliation-aimed encounters between Israeli Jews and Palestinians. Journal of Peace Research, 48, 115-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343310389506
31. McKown, C. (2005). Applying Ecological Theory to advance the science and practice of school-based prejudice reduction interventions. Educational Psychologist, 40, 177-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4003_4
32. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005). Attachment, caregiving, and altruism: Boosting attachment security increases compassion and helping Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 817-839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.817
33. Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2012). The relationship between selfcompassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and Identity, 12, 160-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.649546
34. Paluck, E. L., & Green, D. P. (2009). Prejudice reduction: What works? A review and assessment of research and practice. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 339-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163607
35. Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65
36. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2000). Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Recent meta-analytic findings. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 93-114). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
37. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751-783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
38. Pruitt, D. G., & Olczak, P. V. (1995). Beyond hope: Approaches to resolving seemingly intractable conflict. In B. B. Bunker & J. Rubin (Eds.), Conflict, cooperation and justice: Essays inspired by the work of Morton Deutsch (pp. 59-92). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
39. Slone, M. (2000). Responses to media coverage of terrorism Journal of Conflict Resolution, 44, 508-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002700044004005
40. Slone, M., Tarrasch, R., & Hallis, D. (2000). Ethnic stereotypic attitudes among Israeli Children: Two intervention programs. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 46, 370-389.
41. Smooha, S. (1987). Jewish and Arab ethnocentrism in Israel. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 10, 1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1987.9993553
42. Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1996). Intergroup relations. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
43. Teichman, Y., Bar-Tal, D., & Abdolrazeq, Y. (2007). Intergroup biases in conflict: Reexamination with Arab Pre-adolescents and adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 423-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407081470
44. Welp, R. L., & Brown, M. C. (2014). Self-compassion, empathy, and helping intensions. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9, 54-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.831465
45. Wilson, J. (11 June 2006). Loyalties. Washington Post. Retrieved 8 October 2009.