Treatment of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) Consensus Statement

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Volumn 90, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 1054-1081

  Dispenzieri, Angela ^a   Buadi, Francis ^a   Kumar, Shaji K ^a   Reeder, Craig B ^b   Sher, Tamur ^c   Lacy, Martha Q ^a   Kyle, Robert A ^a   Mikhael, Joseph R ^b   Roy, Vivek ^c   Leung, Nelson ^a   Grogan, Martha ^a   Kapoor, Prashant ^a   Lust, John A ^a   Dingli, David ^a   Go, Ronald S ^a   Hwa, Yi Lisa ^a   Hayman, Suzanne R ^a   Fonseca, Rafael ^b   Ailawadhi, Sikander ^c   Bergsagel, P Leif ^b   Chanan Khan, Ascher ^c   Rajkumar, S Vincent ^a   Russell, Stephen J ^a   Stewart, Keith ^b   Zeldenrust, Steven R ^a   Gertz, Morie A ^a   more..

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^c MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKYLATING AGENT; AMINO TERMINAL PRO BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BORTEZOMIB; COLCHICINE; CONGO RED; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; DIURETIC AGENT; DOXORUBICIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN; LENALIDOMIDE; MELPHALAN; MIDODRINE; POMALIDOMIDE; PREDNISONE; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; RITUXIMAB; THALIDOMIDE; TROPONIN T; VINCRISTINE;

AMYLOIDOSIS; AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; AUTONOMIC NERVE; BONE MARROW BIOPSY; BRADYCARDIA; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONSOLIDATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; EVENT FREE SURVIVAL; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HEART; HEART DISEASE; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; IMMUNOGLOBULIN BLOOD LEVEL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN AMYLOIDOSIS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY; KIDNEY; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LIVER; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NEPHROTOXICITY; ORGAN INJURY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PATIENT SELECTION; PERIPHERAL NERVE; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PLASMA CELL; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROGNOSIS; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SKIN; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; TUMOR VOLUME; COMPLICATION; CONSENSUS; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; PHYSIOLOGY;

AMYLOIDOSIS; CONSENSUS; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS; MULTIPLE MYELOMA;

EID: 84938573654     PISSN: 00256196     EISSN: 19425546     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.06.009     Document Type: Article

References (202)

1. R.A. Kyle, A. Linos, C.M. Beard, and et al. Incidence and natural history of primary systemic amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950 through 1989 Blood 79 7 1992 1817 1822
2. J.D. Sipe, M.D. Benson, J.N. Buxbaum, and et al. Nomenclature 2014: amyloid fibril proteins and clinical classification of the amyloidosis Amyloid 21 4 2014 221 224
3. J.D. Sipe, M.D. Benson, J.N. Buxbaum, and et al. Amyloid fibril protein nomenclature: 2010 recommendations from the nomenclature committee of the International Society of Amyloidosis Amyloid 17 3-4 2010 101 104
4. J.A. Vrana, J.D. Gamez, J.D. Theis, and et al. A clinical test for the identification of amyloid proteins in biopsy specimens by a novel method based on laser microdissection and mass spectrometry [ASH abstract 1480] Blood 110 11 2007
5. J.A. Vrana, J.D. Gamez, B.J. Madden, J.D. Theis, H.R. Bergen III, and A. Dogan Classification of amyloidosis by laser microdissection and mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis in clinical biopsy specimens Blood 114 24 2009 4957 4959
6. F. Brambilla, F. Lavatelli, D. Di Silvestre, and et al. Reliable typing of systemic amyloidoses through proteomic analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue Blood 119 8 2012 1844 1847
7. N. Sakata, Y. Hoshii, T. Nakamura, and et al. Colocalization of apolipoprotein AI in various kinds of systemic amyloidosis J Histochem Cytochem 53 2 2005 237 242
8. J.R. Mikhael, D. Dingli, V. Roy, and et al. Management of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma: updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) consensus guidelines 2013 Mayo Clin Proc 88 4 2013 360 376
9. S.M. Ansell, R.A. Kyle, C.B. Reeder, and et al. Diagnosis and management of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: Mayo Stratification of Macroglobulinemia and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) guidelines Mayo Clin Proc 85 9 2010 824 833
10. R.A. Kyle, and M.A. Gertz Primary systemic amyloidosis: clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases Semin Hematol 32 1 1995 45 59
11. H.J. Lachmann, D.R. Booth, S.E. Booth, and et al. Misdiagnosis of hereditary amyloidosis as AL (primary) amyloidosis N Engl J Med 346 23 2002 1786 1791
12. R.L. Comenzo, P. Zhou, M. Fleisher, B. Clark, and J. Teruya-Feldstein Seeking confidence in the diagnosis of systemic AL (Ig light-chain) amyloidosis: patients can have both monoclonal gammopathies and hereditary amyloid proteins Blood 107 9 2006 3489 3491
13. M.L. Biewend, D.M. Menke, and K.T. Calamia The spectrum of localized amyloidosis: a case series of 20 patients and review of the literature Amyloid 13 3 2006 135 142
14. K. Hamidi Asl, J.J. Liepnieks, M. Nakamura, and M.D. Benson Organ-specific (localized) synthesis of Ig light chain amyloid J Immunol 162 9 1999 5556 5560
15. M. Paccalin, E. Hachulla, C. Cazalet, and et al. Localized amyloidosis: a survey of 35 French cases Amyloid 12 4 2005 239 245
16. A. Dispenzieri, M.A. Gertz, and F. Buadi What do I need to know about immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis? Blood Rev 26 4 2012 137 154
17. J.A. Katzmann, R.A. Kyle, J. Benson, and et al. Screening panels for detection of monoclonal gammopathies Clin Chem 55 8 2009 1517 1522
18. A. Dispenzieri, M.Q. Lacy, J.A. Katzmann, and et al. Absolute values of immunoglobulin free light chains are prognostic in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation Blood 107 8 2006 3378 3383
19. A.D. Wechalekar, N.L. Wassef, S.D.J. Gibbs, and et al. A new staging system for AL amyloidosis incorporating serum free light chains, cardiac troponin-T and NT-ProBNP [ASH abstract 2796] Blood 114 22 2009
20. S. Kumar, A. Dispenzieri, J.A. Katzmann, and et al. Serum immunoglobulin free light-chain measurement in primary amyloidosis: prognostic value and correlations with clinical features Blood 116 24 2010 5126 5129
21. H.J. Lachmann, R. Gallimore, J.D. Gillmore, and et al. Outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis in relation to changes in concentration of circulating free immunoglobulin light chains following chemotherapy Br J Haematol 122 1 2003 78 84
22. V. Sanchorawala, D.C. Seldin, B. Magnani, M. Skinner, and D.G. Wright Serum free light-chain responses after high-dose intravenous melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation for AL (primary) amyloidosis Bone Marrow Transplant 36 7 2005 597 600
23. R.A. Kyle, and E.D. Bayrd Amyloidosis: review of 236 cases Medicine 54 4 1975 271 299
24. A.H. Bryce, R. Ketterling, M.A. Gertz, and et al. Association of translocation t(11;14) with survival in patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis Haematologica 94 3 2009 380
25. T. Bochtler, U. Hegenbart, F.W. Cremer, and et al. Evaluation of the cytogenetic aberration pattern in amyloid light chain amyloidosis as compared with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance reveals common pathways of karyotypic instability Blood 111 9 2008 4700 4705
26. A. Dispenzieri, M.A. Gertz, R.A. Kyle, and et al. Prognostication of survival using cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation Blood 104 6 2004 1881 1887
27. A. Dispenzieri, M.A. Gertz, R.A. Kyle, and et al. Serum cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: a staging system for primary systemic amyloidosis J Clin Oncol 22 18 2004 3751 3757
28. G. Palladini, F. Lavatelli, P. Russo, and et al. Circulating amyloidogenic free light chains and serum N-terminal natriuretic peptide type B decrease simultaneously in association with improvement of survival in AL Blood 107 10 2006 3854 3858
29. D. Lebovic, J. Hoffman, B.M. Levine, and et al. Predictors of survival in patients with systemic light-chain amyloidosis and cardiac involvement initially ineligible for stem cell transplantation and treated with oral melphalan and dexamethasone Br J Haematol 143 3 2008 369 373
30. F.L. Ruberg, E. Appelbaum, R. Davidoff, and et al. Diagnostic and prognostic utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in light-chain cardiac amyloidosis Am J Cardiol 103 4 2009 544 549
31. D. Bellavia, R.S. Abraham, P.A. Pellikka, and et al. Utility of Doppler myocardial imaging, cardiac biomarkers, and clonal immunoglobulin genes to assess left ventricular performance and stratify risk following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis (Al) J Am Soc Echocardiogr 24 4 2011 444 454
32. G. Palladini, A. Barassi, C. Klersy, and et al. The combination of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) at presentation and changes in N-terminal natriuretic peptide type B (NT-proBNP) after chemotherapy best predicts survival in AL amyloidosis Blood 116 18 2010 3426 3430
33. A.V. Kristen, E. Giannitsis, S. Lehrke, and et al. Assessment of disease severity and outcome in patients with systemic light-chain amyloidosis by the high-sensitivity troponin T assay Blood 116 14 2010 2455 2461
34. A. Dispenzieri, M.A. Gertz, S.K. Kumar, and et al. High sensitivity cardiac troponin T in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis Heart 100 5 2014 383 388
35. A.D. Wechalekar, J.D. Gillmore, N. Wassef, H.J. Lachmann, C. Whelan, and P.N. Hawkins Abnormal N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with light chain amyloidosis without cardiac involvement at presentation is a risk factor for development of cardiac amyloidosis Haematologica 96 7 2011 1079 1080
36. A.D. Wechalekar, S.O. Schonland, E. Kastritis, and et al. A European collaborative study of treatment outcomes in 346 patients with cardiac stage III AL amyloidosis Blood 121 17 2013 3420 3427
37. M.A. Gertz, and R.A. Kyle Hepatic amyloidosis: clinical appraisal in 77 patients Hepatology 25 1 1997 118 121
38. S.R. Hayman, M.Q. Lacy, R.A. Kyle, and M.A. Gertz Primary systemic amyloidosis: a cause of malabsorption syndrome Am J Med 111 7 2001 535 540
39. M.A. Park, P.S. Mueller, R.A. Kyle, D.R. Larson, M.F. Plevak, and M.A. Gertz Primary (AL) hepatic amyloidosis: clinical features and natural history in 98 patients Medicine (Baltimore) 82 5 2003 291 298
40. G. Palladini, U. Hegenbart, P. Milani, and et al. A staging system for renal outcome and early markers of renal response to chemotherapy in AL amyloidosis Blood 124 15 2014 2325 2332
41. M.A. Gertz, R. Comenzo, R.H. Falk, and et al. Definition of organ involvement and treatment response in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL): a consensus opinion from the 10th International Symposium on Amyloid and Amyloidosis, Tours, France, 18-22 April 2004 Am J Hematol 79 4 2005 319 328
42. G. Palladini, A. Dispenzieri, M.A. Gertz, and et al. New criteria for response to treatment in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis based on free light chain measurement and cardiac biomarkers: impact on survival outcomes J Clin Oncol 30 36 2012 4541 4549
43. M.A. Gertz, and R.A. Kyle Amyloidosis: prognosis and treatment Semin Arthritis Rheum 24 2 1994 124 138
44. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, and A. Dispenzieri Amyloidosis: recognition, confirmation, prognosis, and therapy Mayo Clin Proc 74 5 1999 490 494
45. P.N. Mollee, A.D. Wechalekar, D.L. Pereira, and et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation in primary systemic amyloidosis: the impact of selection criteria on outcome Bone Marrow Transplant 33 3 2004 271 277
46. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, A. Dispenzieri, and et al. Effect of hematologic response on outcome of patients undergoing transplantation for primary amyloidosis: importance of achieving a complete response Haematologica 92 10 2007 1415 1418
47. M.T. Cibeira, V. Sanchorawala, D.C. Seldin, and et al. Outcome of AL amyloidosis after high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation: long-term results in a series of 421 patients Blood 118 16 2011 4346 4352
48. G. Palladini, V. Perfetti, L. Obici, and et al. Association of melphalan and high-dose dexamethasone is effective and well tolerated in patients with AL (primary) amyloidosis who are ineligible for stem cell transplantation Blood 103 8 2004 2936 2938
49. M. Skinner, V. Sanchorawala, D.C. Seldin, and et al. High-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis: an 8-year study Ann Intern Med 140 2 2004 85 93
50. G. Merlini, R.L. Comenzo, D.C. Seldin, A. Wechalekar, and M.A. Gertz Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis Expert Rev Hematol 7 1 2014 143 156
51. S.K. Kumar, M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, and et al. Recent improvements in survival in primary systemic amyloidosis and the importance of an early mortality risk score Mayo Clin Proc 86 1 2011 12 18
52. R. Warsame, S.M. Bang, S.K. Kumar, and et al. Outcomes and treatments of patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis who progress or relapse postautologous stem cell transplant Eur J Haematol 92 6 2014 485 490
53. R.A. Kyle, P.R. Greipp, and W.M. O'Fallon Primary systemic amyloidosis: multivariate analysis for prognostic factors in 168 cases Blood 68 1 1986 220 224
54. D. Dingli, T.S. Tan, S.K. Kumar, and et al. Stem cell transplantation in patients with autonomic neuropathy due to primary (AL) amyloidosis Neurology 74 11 2010 913 918
55. S. Kumar, A. Dispenzieri, M.Q. Lacy, and et al. Revised prognostic staging system for light chain amyloidosis incorporating cardiac biomarkers and serum free light chain measurements J Clin Oncol 30 9 2012 989 995
56. M. Gertz, M. Lacy, A. Dispenzieri, and et al. Troponin T level as an exclusion criterion for stem cell transplantation in light-chain amyloidosis Leuk Lymphoma 49 1 2008 36 41
57. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, A. Dispenzieri, and et al. Refinement in patient selection to reduce treatment-related mortality from autologous stem cell transplantation in amyloidosis Bone Marrow Transplant 48 4 2013 557 561
58. A.S. Jaffe The 10 commandments of troponin, with special reference to high sensitivity assays Heart 97 11 2011 940 946
59. H.J. Park, S.H. Baek, S.W. Jang, and et al. Direct comparison of B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-BNP for assessment of cardiac function in a large population of symptomatic patients Int J Cardiol 140 3 2010 336 343
60. R. Tagore, L.H. Ling, H. Yang, H.Y. Daw, Y.H. Chan, and S.K. Sethi Natriuretic peptides in chronic kidney disease Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3 6 2008 1644 1651
61. G. Palladini, A. Foli, P. Milani, and et al. Best use of cardiac biomarkers in patients with AL amyloidosis and renal failure Am J Hematol 87 5 2012 465 471
62. T.V. Kourelis, S.K. Kumar, M.A. Gertz, and et al. Coexistent multiple myeloma or increased bone marrow plasma cells define equally high-risk populations in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis J Clin Oncol 31 34 2013 4319 4324
63. T. Bochtler, U. Hegenbart, C. Kunz, and et al. Gain of chromosome 1q21 is an independent adverse prognostic factor in light chain amyloidosis patients treated with melphalan/dexamethasone Amyloid 21 1 2014 9 17
64. R. Warsame, S.K. Kumar, M.A. Gertz, and et al. Abnormal FISH in patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis 2 is a risk factor for cardiac involvement and for death Blood Cancer J 5 2015 e310
65. G.P. Kaufman, A. Dispenzieri, M.A. Gertz, and et al. Kinetics of organ response and survival following normalization of the serum free light chain ratio in AL amyloidosis Am J Hematol 90 3 2015 181 186
66. V. Trinkaus-Randall, M.T. Walsh, S. Steeves, G. Monis, L.H. Connors, and M. Skinner Cellular response of cardiac fibroblasts to amyloidogenic light chains Am J Pathol 166 1 2005 197 208
67. S. Mishra, J. Guan, E. Plovie, and et al. Human amyloidogenic light chain proteins result in cardiac dysfunction, cell death, and early mortality in zebrafish Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 305 1 2013 H95 H103
68. M.B. Pepys, J. Herbert, W.L. Hutchinson, and et al. Targeted pharmacological depletion of serum amyloid P component for treatment of human amyloidosis Nature 417 6886 2002 254 259
69. K. Bodin, S. Ellmerich, M.C. Kahan, and et al. Antibodies to human serum amyloid P component eliminate visceral amyloid deposits Nature 468 7320 2010 93 97
70. J.S. Wall, S.J. Kennel, A.C. Stuckey, and et al. Radioimmunodetection of amyloid deposits in patients with AL amyloidosis Blood 116 13 2010 2241 2244
71. A. Dispenzieri, D. Dingli, S.K. Kumar, and et al. Discordance between serum cardiac biomarker and immunoglobulin-free light-chain response in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis treated with immune modulatory drugs Am J Hematol 85 10 2010 757 759
72. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, J.A. Lust, P.R. Greipp, T.E. Witzig, and R.A. Kyle Long-term risk of myelodysplasia in melphalan-treated patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis Haematologica 93 9 2008 1402 1406
73. A. Jaccard, P. Moreau, V. Leblond, and et al. High-dose melphalan versus melphalan plus dexamethasone for AL amyloidosis N Engl J Med 357 11 2007 1083 1093
74. V. Sanchorawala, M. Skinner, K. Quillen, K.T. Finn, G. Doros, and D.C. Seldin Long-term outcome of patients with AL amyloidosis treated with high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation Blood 110 10 2007 3561 3563
75. G. Palladini, P. Russo, M. Nuvolone, and et al. Treatment with oral melphalan plus dexamethasone produces long-term remissions in AL amyloidosis Blood 110 2 2007 787 788
76. V. Perfetti, S. Casarini, G. Palladini, and et al. Analysis of V(λ)-J(λ) expression in plasma cells from primary (AL) amyloidosis and normal bone marrow identifies 3r (λIII) as a new amyloid-associated germline gene segment Blood 100 3 2002 948 953
77. F.J. Stevens, D.T. Weiss, and A. Solomon Structural bases of light chain related pathology M. Zanetti, J.D. Capra, The Antibodies Vol. 5 1999 Harwood Academic Publishers Amsterdam, the Netherlands 175 208
78. M.R. Hurle, L.R. Helms, L. Li, W. Chan, and R. Wetzel A role for destabilizing amino acid replacements in light-chain amyloidosis Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 12 1994 5446 5450
79. P.W. Stevens, R. Raffen, D.K. Hanson, and et al. Recombinant immunoglobulin variable domains generated from synthetic genes provide a system for in vitro characterization of light-chain amyloid proteins Protein Sci 4 3 1995 421 432
80. L.H. Connors, Y. Jiang, M. Budnik, and et al. Heterogeneity in primary structure, post-translational modifications, and germline gene usage of nine full-length amyloidogenic kappa1 immunoglobulin light chains Biochemistry 46 49 2007 14259 14271
81. E.G. Randles, J.R. Thompson, D.J. Martin, and M. Ramirez-Alvarado Structural alterations within native amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains J Mol Biol 389 1 2009 199 210
82. T.L. Poshusta, L.A. Sikkink, N. Leung, R.J. Clark, A. Dispenzieri, and M. Ramirez-Alvarado Mutations in specific structural regions of immunoglobulin light chains are associated with free light chain levels in patients with Al amyloidosis PLoS One 4 4 2009 e5169
83. R.A. Kyle, and P.R. Greipp Primary systemic amyloidosis: comparison of melphalan and prednisone versus placebo Blood 52 4 1978 818 827
84. R.A. Kyle, P.R. Greipp, J.P. Garton, and M.A. Gertz Primary systemic amyloidosis: comparison of melphalan/prednisone versus colchicine Am J Med 79 6 1985 708 716
85. R.A. Kyle, M.A. Gertz, P.R. Greipp, and et al. A trial of three regimens for primary amyloidosis: colchicine alone, melphalan and prednisone, and melphalan, prednisone, and colchicine N Engl J Med 336 17 1997 1202 1207
86. M. Skinner, J. Anderson, R. Simms, and et al. Treatment of 100 patients with primary amyloidosis: a randomized trial of melphalan, prednisone, and colchicine versus colchicine only Am J Med 100 3 1996 290 298
87. R.L. Comenzo, and M.A. Gertz Autologous stem cell transplantation for primary systemic amyloidosis Blood 99 12 2002 4276 4282
88. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, A. Dispenzieri, S.R. Hayman, and S. Kumar Transplantation for amyloidosis Curr Opin Oncol 19 2 2007 136 141
89. D.H. Vesole, W.S. Perez, M. Akasheh, C. Boudreau, D.E. Reece, and C.N. Bredeson High-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with primary systemic amyloidosis: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research study Mayo Clin Proc 81 7 2006 880 888
90. D'Souza A, Dispenzieri A, Wirk B, et al. Improved outcomes after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for light chain amyloidosis: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research study. J Clin Oncol. Submitted.
91. P. Moreau, V. Leblond, P. Bourquelot, and et al. Prognostic factors for survival and response after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in systemic AL amyloidosis: a report on 21 patients Br J Haematol 101 4 1998 766 769
92. H.J. Goodman, J.D. Gillmore, H.J. Lachmann, A.D. Wechalekar, A.R. Bradwell, and P.N. Hawkins Outcome of autologous stem cell transplantation for AL amyloidosis in the UK Br J Haematol 134 4 2006 417 425
93. M.A. Gertz, E. Blood, D.H. Vesole, R. Abonour, H.M. Lazarus, and P.R. Greipp A multicenter phase 2 trial of stem cell transplantation for immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis (E4A97): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study Bone Marrow Transplant 34 2 2004 149 154
94. J.B. Perz, S.O. Schonland, M. Hundemer, and et al. High-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation after VAD induction chemotherapy for treatment of amyloid light chain amyloidosis: a single centre prospective phase II study Br J Haematol 127 5 2004 543 551
95. V. Perfetti, S. Siena, G. Palladini, and et al. Long-term results of a risk-adapted approach to melphalan conditioning in autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for primary (AL) amyloidosis Haematologica 91 12 2006 1635 1643
96. A.D. Cohen, P. Zhou, J. Chou, and et al. Risk-adapted autologous stem cell transplantation with adjuvant dexamethasone +/- thalidomide for systemic light-chain amyloidosis: results of a phase II trial Br J Haematol 139 2 2007 224 233
97. H. Landau, H. Hassoun, M.A. Rosenzweig, and et al. Bortezomib and dexamethasone consolidation following risk-adapted melphalan and stem cell transplantation for patients with newly diagnosed light-chain amyloidosis Leukemia 27 4 2013 823 828
98. S.J. Kim, G.Y. Lee, H.R. Jang, and et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation in light-chain amyloidosis patients: a single-center experience in Korea Amyloid 20 4 2013 204 211
99. A. Dispenzieri, K. Seenithamby, M.Q. Lacy, and et al. Patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation have superior outcomes compared with patients with multiple myeloma: a retrospective review from a tertiary referral center Bone Marrow Transplant 48 10 2013 1302 1307
100. R.L. Comenzo, E. Vosburgh, R.H. Falk, and et al. Dose-intensive melphalan with blood stem-cell support for the treatment of AL (amyloid light-chain) amyloidosis: survival and responses in 25 patients Blood 91 10 1998 3662 3670
101. A. Dispenzieri, M.Q. Lacy, R.A. Kyle, and et al. Eligibility for hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for primary systemic amyloidosis is a favorable prognostic factor for survival J Clin Oncol 19 14 2001 3350 3356
102. A. Dispenzieri, R.A. Kyle, M.Q. Lacy, and et al. Superior survival in primary systemic amyloidosis patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a case-control study Blood 103 10 2004 3960 3963
103. P. Moreau, N. Milpied, P. de Faucal, and et al. High-dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation for systemic AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement Blood 87 7 1996 3063 3064
104. A. D'Souza, B. Wirk, M.J. Zhang, and et al. Improved outcomes of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for light chain (AL) amyloidosis: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry (CIBMTR) study Blood 124 21 2014 193
105. A. Fadia, L.F. Casserly, V. Sanchorawala, and et al. Incidence and outcome of acute renal failure complicating autologous stem cell transplantation for AL amyloidosis Kidney Int 63 5 2003 1868 1873
106. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, A. Dispenzieri, and et al. Risk-adjusted manipulation of melphalan dose before stem cell transplantation in patients with amyloidosis is associated with a lower response rate Bone Marrow Transplant 34 12 2004 1025 1031
107. X. Huang, Q. Wang, S. Jiang, W. Chen, C. Zeng, and Z. Liu The clinical features and outcomes of systemic AL amyloidosis: a cohort of 231 Chinese patients Clin Kidney J 8 1 2015 120 126
108. Sanchorawala V, Brauneis D, Shelton AC, et al. Induction therapy with bortezomib followed by bortezomib-high dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation for AL amyloidosis: results of a prospective clinical trial [published online April 6, 2015]. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.04.001.
109. V. Sanchorawala, D.G. Wright, D.C. Seldin, and et al. High-dose intravenous melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation as initial therapy or following two cycles of oral chemotherapy for the treatment of AL amyloidosis: results of a prospective randomized trial Bone Marrow Transplant 33 4 2004 381 388
110. X. Huang, Q. Wang, W. Chen, and et al. Induction therapy with bortezomib and dexamethasone followed by autologous stem cell transplantation versus autologous stem cell transplantation alone in the treatment of renal AL amyloidosis: a randomized controlled trial BMC Med 12 2014 2
111. V. Sanchorawala, D.G. Wright, K. Quillen, and et al. Tandem cycles of high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation increases the response rate in AL amyloidosis Bone Marrow Transplant 40 6 2007 557 562
112. V. Sanchorawala, A. Hoering, D.C. Seldin, and et al. Modified high-dose melphalan and autologous SCT for AL amyloidosis or high-risk myeloma: analysis of SWOG trial S0115 Bone Marrow Transplant 48 12 2013 1537 1542
113. B. Guillaume, N. Straetmans, M. Jadoul, J.P. Cosyns, and A. Ferrant Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for AL amyloidosis Bone Marrow Transplant 20 10 1997 907 908
114. J.D. Gillmore, J. Davies, A. Iqbal, S. Madhoo, N.H. Russell, and P.N. Hawkins Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for systemic AL amyloidosis Br J Haematol 100 1 1998 226 228
115. S.O. Schonland, H. Lokhorst, A. Buzyn, and et al. Allogeneic and syngeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with amyloid light-chain amyloidosis: a report from the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Blood 107 6 2006 2578 2584
116. L.F. Casserly, A. Fadia, V. Sanchorawala, and et al. High-dose intravenous melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation in AL amyloidosis-associated end-stage renal disease Kidney Int 63 3 2003 1051 1057
117. M.A. Gertz, F.K. Buadi, and S.R. Hayman IgM amyloidosis: clinical features in therapeutic outcomes Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 11 1 2011 146 148
118. V. Sanchorawala, E. Blanchard, D.C. Seldin, C. O'Hara, M. Skinner, and D.G. Wright AL amyloidosis associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: frequency and treatment outcomes Am J Hematol 81 9 2006 692 695
119. T. Gono, M. Matsuda, Y. Shimojima, and et al. IgM AL amyloidosis due to B cell lymphoproliferative disorder: efficacy of high-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplantation Amyloid 11 2 2004 130 135
120. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, J.A. Lust, P.R. Greipp, T.E. Witzig, and R.A. Kyle Prospective randomized trial of melphalan and prednisone versus vincristine, carmustine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone in the treatment of primary systemic amyloidosis J Clin Oncol 17 1 1999 262 267
121. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, J.A. Lust, P.R. Greipp, T.E. Witzig, and R.A. Kyle Phase II trial of high-dose dexamethasone for previously treated immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis Am J Hematol 61 2 1999 115 119
122. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, J.A. Lust, P.R. Greipp, T.E. Witzig, and R.A. Kyle Phase II trial of high-dose dexamethasone for untreated patients with primary systemic amyloidosis Med Oncol 16 2 1999 104 109
123. G. Palladini, E. Anesi, V. Perfetti, and et al. A modified high-dose dexamethasone regimen for primary systemic (AL) amyloidosis Br J Haematol 113 4 Jun 2001 1044 1046
124. M.V. Dhodapkar, M.A. Hussein, E. Rasmussen, and et al. Clinical efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone with maintenance dexamethasone/alpha interferon in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis: results of United States Intergroup Trial Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S9628 Blood 104 12 2004 3520 3526
125. Y. Levy, D. Belghiti-Deprez, and A. Sobel Treatment of AL amyloidosis without myeloma [in French] Ann Med Interne (Paris) 139 3 1988 190 193
126. A.M. Wardley, G.C. Jayson, D.J. Goldsmith, M.C. Venning, P. Ackrill, and J.H. Scarffe The treatment of nephrotic syndrome caused by primary (light chain) amyloid with vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone Br J Cancer 78 6 1998 774 776
127. I. van Gameren, B.P. Hazenberg, P.L. Jager, J.W. Smit, and E. Vellenga AL amyloidosis treated with induction chemotherapy with VAD followed by high dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation Amyloid 9 3 2002 165 174
128. M. Ichida, S. Imagawa, K. Ohmine, and et al. Successful treatment of multiple myeloma-associated amyloidosis by interferon-α, dimethyl sulfoxide, and VAD (vincristine, adriamycin, and dexamethasone) Int J Hematol 72 4 2000 491 493
129. T. Gono, M. Matsuda, Y. Shimojima, and et al. VAD with or without subsequent high-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell support in AL amyloidosis: Japanese experience and criteria for patient selection Amyloid 11 4 2004 245 256
130. G. Palladini, P. Milani, A. Foli, and et al. Oral melphalan and dexamethasone grants extended survival with minimal toxicity in AL amyloidosis: long-term results of a risk-adapted approach Haematologica 99 4 2014 743 750
131. S. Dietrich, S.O. Schonland, A. Benner, and et al. Treatment with intravenous melphalan and dexamethasone is not able to overcome the poor prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed systemic light chain amyloidosis and severe cardiac involvement Blood 116 4 2010 522 528
132. V. Sanchorawala, D.C. Seldin, J.L. Berk, J.M. Sloan, G. Doros, and M. Skinner Oral cyclic melphalan and dexamethasone for patients with AL amyloidosis Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 10 6 2010 469 472
133. M.A. Gertz, R.A. Kyle, and P.R. Greipp Response rates and survival in primary systemic amyloidosis Blood 77 2 1991 257 262
134. M.A. Gertz, and R.A. Kyle Acute leukemia and cytogenetic abnormalities complicating melphalan treatment of primary systemic amyloidosis Arch Intern Med 150 3 1990 629 633
135. D.C. Seldin, E.B. Choufani, L.M. Dember, and et al. Tolerability and efficacy of thalidomide for the treatment of patients with light chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis Clin Lymphoma 3 4 2003 241 246
136. A. Dispenzieri, M.Q. Lacy, S.M. Geyer, and et al. Low dose single agent thalidomide is tolerated in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis, but responses are limited [ASH abstract 4920] Blood 104 11 2004
137. A. Dispenzieri, M.Q. Lacy, S.V. Rajkumar, and et al. Poor tolerance to high doses of thalidomide in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis Amyloid 10 4 2003 257 261
138. G. Palladini, V. Perfetti, S. Perlini, and et al. The combination of thalidomide and intermediate-dose dexamethasone is an effective but toxic treatment for patients with primary amyloidosis (AL) Blood 105 7 2005 2949 2951
139. A.D. Wechalekar, H.J. Goodman, H.J. Lachmann, M. Offer, P.N. Hawkins, and J.D. Gillmore Safety and efficacy of risk-adapted cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in systemic AL amyloidosis Blood 109 2 2007 457 464
140. J. Gillmore, K. Cocks, S.D.J. Gibbs, and et al. Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone (CTD) versus melphalan plus dexamethasone (MD) for newly-diagnosed systemic AL amyloidosis: results from the UK Amyloidosis Treatment Trial [ASH abstract 2869] Blood 114 22 2009
141. G. Palladini, P. Russo, F. Lavatelli, and et al. Treatment of patients with advanced cardiac AL amyloidosis with oral melphalan, dexamethasone, and thalidomide Ann Hematol 88 4 2009 347 350
142. A. Dispenzieri, M.Q. Lacy, S.R. Zeldenrust, and et al. The activity of lenalidomide with or without dexamethasone in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis Blood 109 2 2007 465 470
143. V. Sanchorawala, D.G. Wright, M. Rosenzweig, and et al. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 2 trial Blood 109 2 2007 492 496
144. G. Palladini, P. Russo, A. Foli, and et al. Salvage therapy with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with advanced AL amyloidosis refractory to melphalan, bortezomib, and thalidomide Ann Hematol 91 1 2012 89 92
145. S.D.J. Gibbs, M. De Cruz, P.T. Sattianayagam, and et al. Transient post chemotherapy rise in NT pro-BNP in AL amyloidosis: implications for organ response assessment [ASH abstract 1791] Blood 114 22 2009
146. U. Tapan, D.C. Seldin, K.T. Finn, and et al. Increases in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) during treatment with lenalidomide in AL amyloidosis Blood 116 23 2010 5071 5072
147. R. Specter, V. Sanchorawala, D.C. Seldin, and et al. Kidney dysfunction during lenalidomide treatment for AL amyloidosis Nephrol Dial Transplant 26 3 2011 881 886
148. P. Moreau, A. Jaccard, L. Benboubker, and et al. Lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis: a multicenter phase 1/2 dose-escalation study Blood 116 23 2010 4777 4782
149. S. Dinner, W. Witteles, A. Afghahi, and et al. Lenalidomide, melphalan and dexamethasone in an immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis patient population with high rates of advanced cardiac involvement Haematologica 98 10 2013 1593 1599
150. V. Sanchorawala, J.M. Patel, J.M. Sloan, A.C. Shelton, J.B. Zeldis, and D.C. Seldin Melphalan, lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: results of a phase II trial Haematologica 98 5 2013 789 792
151. G. Palladini, P. Russo, P. Milani, and et al. A phase II trial of cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide and dexamethasone in previously treated patients with AL amyloidosis Haematologica 98 3 2013 433 436
152. S.K. Kumar, S.R. Hayman, F.K. Buadi, and et al. Lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (CRd) for light-chain amyloidosis: long-term results from a phase 2 trial Blood 119 21 2012 4860 4867
153. E. Kastritis, E. Terpos, M. Roussou, and et al. A phase 1/2 study of lenalidomide with low-dose oral cyclophosphamide and low-dose dexamethasone (RdC) in AL amyloidosis Blood 119 23 2012 5384 5390
154. A. Dispenzieri, F. Buadi, K. Laumann, and et al. Activity of pomalidomide in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis Blood 119 23 2012 5397 5404
155. E. Kastritis, X. Leleu, B. Arrnulf, and et al. A randomized phase III trial of melphalan and dexamethasone (MDex) versus bortezomib, melphalan and dexamethasone (BMDex) for untreated patients with AL amyloidosis Blood 124 21 2014 35
156. D.E. Reece, U. Hegenbart, V. Sanchorawala, and et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly and twice-weekly bortezomib in patients with relapsed systemic AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 1/2 study Blood 118 4 2011 865 873
157. D.E. Reece, V. Sanchorawala, U. Hegenbart, and et al. Weekly and twice-weekly bortezomib in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 1 dose-escalation study Blood 114 8 2009 1489 1497
158. D.E. Reece, U. Hegenbart, V. Sanchorawala, and et al. Long-term follow-up from a phase 1/2 study of single-agent bortezomib in relapsed systemic AL amyloidosis Blood 124 16 2014 2498 2506
159. G. Palladini, A. Foli, P. Russo, and et al. Treatment of IgM-associated AL amyloidosis with the combination of rituximab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 11 1 2011 143 145
160. C. Gasparetto, V. Sanchorawala, R.M. Snyder, and et al. Use of melphalan (M)/dexamethasone (D)/bortezomib in AL amyloidosis [ASCO abstract 8024] J Clin Oncol 28 15[suppl] 2010
161. E. Kastritis, A.D. Wechalekar, M.A. Dimopoulos, and et al. Bortezomib with or without dexamethasone in primary systemic (light chain) amyloidosis J Clin Oncol 28 6 2010 1031 1037
162. W. Lamm, W. Willenbacher, A. Lang, and et al. Efficacy of the combination of bortezomib and dexamethasone in systemic AL amyloidosis Ann Hematol 90 2 2011 201 206
163. G. Palladini, P. Milani, A. Foli, and et al. Melphalan and dexamethasone with or without bortezomib in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis: a matched case-control study on 174 patients Leukemia 28 12 2014 2311 2316
164. C.P. Venner, J.D. Gillmore, S. Sachchithanantham, and et al. A matched comparison of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CVD) versus risk-adapted cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone (CTD) in AL amyloidosis Leukemia 28 12 2014 2304 2310
165. J.R. Mikhael, S.R. Schuster, V.H. Jimenez-Zepeda, and et al. Cyclophosphamide-bortezomib-dexamethasone (CyBorD) produces rapid and complete hematologic response in patients with AL amyloidosis Blood 119 19 2012 4391 4394
166. C.P. Venner, T. Lane, D. Foard, and et al. Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone therapy in AL amyloidosis is associated with high clonal response rates and prolonged progression-free survival Blood 119 19 2012 4387 4390
167. Palladini G, Palladini G, Sachchithanantham S, et al. A European collaborative study of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in upfront treatment of systemic AL amyloidosis [published online May 18, 2015]. Blood. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-01-620302.
168. J.Y. Lee, S.H. Lim, S.J. Kim, and et al. Bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisolone combination chemotherapy for newly diagnosed light chain (AL) amyloidosis Amyloid 21 4 2014 261 266
169. A. Jaccard, R.L. Comenzo, P. Hari, and et al. Efficacy of bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in treatment-naive patients with high-risk cardiac AL amyloidosis (Mayo Clinic stage III) Haematologica 99 9 2014 1479 1485
170. M.A. Gertz, and R.A. Kyle Amyloidosis with IgM monoclonal gammopathies Semin Oncol 30 2 2003 325 328
171. A.D. Wechalekar, H.J. Lachmann, H.J. Goodman, A. Bradwell, P.N. Hawkins, and J.D. Gillmore AL amyloidosis associated with IgM paraproteinemia: clinical profile and treatment outcome Blood 112 10 2008 4009 4016
172. Y. Kikukawa, H. Yuki, S. Hirata, and et al. Combined use of bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone induces favorable hematological and organ responses in Japanese patients with amyloid light-chain amyloidosis: a single-institution retrospective study Int J Hematol 101 2 2015 133 139
173. J.L. Berk, J. Keane, D.C. Seldin, and et al. Persistent pleural effusions in primary systemic amyloidosis: etiology and prognosis Chest 124 3 2003 969 977
174. S. Dubrey, A. Pollak, M. Skinner, and R.H. Falk Atrial thrombi occurring during sinus rhythm in cardiac amyloidosis: evidence for atrial electromechanical dissociation Br Heart J 74 5 1995 541 544
175. D. Feng, I.S. Syed, M. Martinez, and et al. Intracardiac thrombosis and anticoagulation therapy in cardiac amyloidosis Circulation 119 18 2009 2490 2497
176. A. Rubinow, M. Skinner, and A.S. Cohen Digoxin sensitivity in amyloid cardiomyopathy Circulation 63 6 1981 1285 1288
177. M.A. Gertz, R.H. Falk, M. Skinner, A.S. Cohen, and R.A. Kyle Worsening of congestive heart failure in amyloid heart disease treated by calcium channel-blocking agents Am J Cardiol 55 13, pt 1 1985 1645
178. G. Palladini, G. Malamani, F. Co, and et al. Holter monitoring in AL amyloidosis: prognostic implications Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24 8, pt 1 2001 1228 1233
179. A.V. Kristen, T.J. Dengler, U. Hegenbart, and et al. Prophylactic implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with severe cardiac amyloidosis and high risk for sudden cardiac death Heart Rhythm 5 2 2008 235 240
180. G. Lin, A. Dispenzieri, and P.A. Brady Successful termination of a ventricular arrhythmia by implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in a patient with cardiac amyloidosis: insight into mechanisms of sudden death Eur Heart J 31 12 2010 1538
181. A. Dhoble, A. Khasnis, A. Olomu, and R. Thakur Cardiac amyloidosis treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and subcutaneous array lead system: report of a case and literature review Clin Cardiol 32 8 2009 E63 E65
182. H. Yaoita, M. Iwai-Takano, K. Ogawa, and et al. Attenuation of diastolic heart failure and life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation combined with cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in myeloma-associated cardiac amyloidosis Circ J 72 2 2008 331 334
183. G. Lin, A. Dispenzieri, R. Kyle, M. Grogan, and P.A. Brady Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients with cardiac amyloidosis J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 24 7 2013 793 798
184. R.H. Sayed, D. Rogers, F. Khan, and et al. A study of implanted cardiac rhythm recorders in advanced cardiac AL amyloidosis Eur Heart J 36 18 2015 1098 1105
185. J.H. Pinney, H.J. Lachmann, L. Bansi, and et al. Outcome in renal Al amyloidosis after chemotherapy J Clin Oncol 29 6 2011 674 681
186. W. Singer, P. Sandroni, T.L. Opfer-Gehrking, and et al. Pyridostigmine treatment trial in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension Arch Neurol 63 4 2006 513 518
187. S.K. Kumar, A. Dispenzieri, M.Q. Lacy, and et al. Doxycycline used as post transplant antibacterial prophylaxis improves survival in patients with light chain amyloidosis undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation [ASH abstract 3138] Blood 120 21 2012
188. A. Wechalekar, C. Whelan, S. Sachchithanantham, and et al. A matched case control study of doxycycline added to chemotherapy for reducing early mortality in patients with advanced cardiac AL amyloidosis from the Alchemy Study Cohort [ASH abstract 3485] Blood 124 21 2014
189. I. Cardoso, and M.J. Saraiva Doxycycline disrupts transthyretin amyloid: evidence from studies in a FAP transgenic mice model Faseb J 20 2 2006 234 239
190. J.E. Ward, R. Ren, G. Toraldo, and et al. Doxycycline reduces fibril formation in a transgenic mouse model of AL amyloidosis Blood 118 25 2011 6610 6617
191. L. Obici, A. Cortese, A. Lozza, and et al. Doxycycline plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid for transthyretin amyloidosis: a phase II study Amyloid 19 suppl 1 2012 34 36
192. S.K. Kumar, A. Dispenzieri, M.Q. Lacy, and et al. Doxycycline used as post transplant antibacterial prophylaxis improves survival in patients with light chain amyloidosis undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2012 https://ash.confex.com/ash/2012/webprogram/Paper53022.html. Accessed July 7, 2015
193. A. Wechalekar A matched case control study of doxycycline added to chemotherapy for reducing early mortality in patients with advanced cardiac AL amyloidosis from the Alchemy Study Cohort Blood 124 21 2014 3485
194. P.T. Sattianayagam, S.D. Gibbs, J.H. Pinney, and et al. Solid organ transplantation in AL amyloidosis Am J Transplant 10 9 2010 2124 2131
195. G. Nowak, P. Westermark, A. Wernerson, G. Herlenius, K. Sletten, and B.G. Ericzon Liver transplantation as rescue treatment in a patient with primary AL kappa amyloidosis Transpl Int 13 2 2000 92 97
196. J.P. Utz, M.A. Gertz, and S. Kalra External-beam radiation therapy in the treatment of diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis Chest 120 5 2001 1735 1738
197. M.W. Pitz, I.W. Gibson, and J.B. Johnston Isolated pulmonary amyloidosis: case report and review of the literature Am J Hematol 81 3 2006 212 213
198. P.A. Dundore, S.C. Aisner, P.A. Templeton, M.J. Krasna, C.S. White, and J.D. Seidman Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration cytology and a review of the literature Diagn Cytopathol 9 5 1993 562 564
199. M.A. Neben-Wittich, R.L. Foote, and S. Kalra External beam radiation therapy for tracheobronchial amyloidosis Chest 132 1 2007 262 267
200. A.J. Mariani, D.M. Barrett, S.B. Kurtz, and R.A. Kyle Bilateral localized amyloidosis of the ureter presenting with anuria J Urol 120 6 1978 757 759
201. O.B. Shittu, and P.M. Weston Localised amyloidosis of the urinary bladder: a case report and review of treatment West Afr J Med 13 4 1994 252 253
202. R.S. Malek, D.L. Wahner-Roedler, M.A. Gertz, and R.A. Kyle Primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder: experience with dimethyl sulfoxide therapy J Urol 168 3 2002 1018 1020