메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 639-659

The Power of a Picture: Overcoming Scientific Misinformation by Communicating Weight-of-Evidence Information with Visual Exemplars

Author keywords

Exemplification; Journalistic Balance; Misinformation; Weight of Evidence

Indexed keywords

COMMUNICATION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; INFORMATION SYSTEM; MEDIA ROLE; MENTAL HEALTH; PERCEPTION; THEORETICAL STUDY; VACCINE;

EID: 84938202921     PISSN: 00219916     EISSN: 14602466     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jcom.12159     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (83)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 79957842658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating frame strength: The case of episodic and thematic frames
    • Aaroe, L. (2011). Investigating frame strength: The case of episodic and thematic frames. Political Communication, 28, 207-226. doi:10.1080/10584609.2011.568041
    • (2011) Political Communication , vol.28 , pp. 207-226
    • Aaroe, L.1
  • 2
    • 84938202379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Pediatrics (n.d.). Immunization. Retrieved from
    • American Academy of Pediatrics (n.d.). Immunization. Retrieved from https://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html
  • 3
    • 77957072055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of research on inoculation theory
    • Banas, J. A., & Rains, S. A. (2010). A meta-analysis of research on inoculation theory. Communication Monographs, 77, 281-311. doi:10.1080/03637751003758193
    • (2010) Communication Monographs , vol.77 , pp. 281-311
    • Banas, J.A.1    Rains, S.A.2
  • 4
    • 84864517335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk
    • Berinsky, A., Huber, G., & Lenz, G. (2012). Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk. Political Analysis, 20, 351-368. doi:10.1093/pan/mpr057
    • (2012) Political Analysis , vol.20 , pp. 351-368
    • Berinsky, A.1    Huber, G.2    Lenz, G.3
  • 5
    • 3242798368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balance as bias: Global warming and the U.S. prestige press
    • Boykoff, M., & Boykoff, J. (2004). Balance as bias: Global warming and the U.S. prestige press. Global Environmental Change, 15, 125-136. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.001
    • (2004) Global Environmental Change , vol.15 , pp. 125-136
    • Boykoff, M.1    Boykoff, J.2
  • 6
    • 84938197266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sticking with the truth: How 'balanced' coverage helped sustain the bogus claim that childhood vaccines can cause autism. Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved from
    • Brainard, C. (2013). Sticking with the truth: How 'balanced' coverage helped sustain the bogus claim that childhood vaccines can cause autism. Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved from http://www.cjr.org/feature/sticking_with_the_truth.php#sthash.rPxZZupK.dpuf
    • (2013)
    • Brainard, C.1
  • 7
    • 33847627101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deference to scientific authority among low information public: Understanding U.S opinion on agricultural biotechnology
    • Brossard, D., & Nisbet, M. (2007). Deference to scientific authority among low information public: Understanding U.S opinion on agricultural biotechnology. The International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 19, 24-52. doi:10.1093/ijpor/edl003
    • (2007) The International Journal of Public Opinion Research , vol.19 , pp. 24-52
    • Brossard, D.1    Nisbet, M.2
  • 8
    • 85050843960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do citizens want to have their say? Media, agricultural biotechnology, and authoritarian views of democratic processes in science
    • Brossard, D., & Shanahan, J. (2003). Do citizens want to have their say? Media, agricultural biotechnology, and authoritarian views of democratic processes in science. Mass Communication and Society, 3, 291-312. doi:10.1207/S15327825MCS0603_4
    • (2003) Mass Communication and Society , vol.3 , pp. 291-312
    • Brossard, D.1    Shanahan, J.2
  • 9
    • 0042852274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten great public health achievements-United States, 1900-1999
    • CDC (1999). Ten great public health achievements-United States, 1900-1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 48, 241-243
    • (1999) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , vol.48 , pp. 241-243
  • 10
    • 49149098372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A question of balance: The autism-vaccine controversy in the British and American elite press
    • Clarke, C. (2008). A question of balance: The autism-vaccine controversy in the British and American elite press. Science Communication, 30, 77-107. doi:10.1177/1075547008320262
    • (2008) Science Communication , vol.30 , pp. 77-107
    • Clarke, C.1
  • 11
    • 84923513317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Including "evidentiary balance" in news media coverage of health risks: An autism-vaccine case study
    • Clarke, C., Dixon, G., Holton, A., & McKeever, B. (2014). Including "evidentiary balance" in news media coverage of health risks: An autism-vaccine case study. Health Communication, 30, 461-472. doi:10.1080/10410236.2013.867006
    • (2014) Health Communication , vol.30 , pp. 461-472
    • Clarke, C.1    Dixon, G.2    Holton, A.3    McKeever, B.4
  • 12
    • 84938207893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of weight-of-evidence messages on (vaccine) attitudes: A sequential mediation model
    • (in press)
    • Clarke, C., Holton, A., McKeever, B., & Dixon, G. (in press). The influence of weight-of-evidence messages on (vaccine) attitudes: A sequential mediation model. Journal of Health Communication
    • Journal of Health Communication
    • Clarke, C.1    Holton, A.2    McKeever, B.3    Dixon, G.4
  • 13
    • 0042482883 scopus 로고
    • Newspaper coverage of maverick science: Creating controversy through balancing
    • Dearing, J. W. (1995). Newspaper coverage of maverick science: Creating controversy through balancing. Public Understanding of Science, 4, 341-361. doi:10.1088/09636625/4/4/002
    • (1995) Public Understanding of Science , vol.4 , pp. 341-361
    • Dearing, J.W.1
  • 14
    • 84877318412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heightening uncertainty around certain science: Media coverage, false balance, and the autism-vaccine controversy
    • Dixon, G., & Clarke, C. (2013). Heightening uncertainty around certain science: Media coverage, false balance, and the autism-vaccine controversy. Science Communication, 35, 358-382. doi:10.1177/1075547012458290
    • (2013) Science Communication , vol.35 , pp. 358-382
    • Dixon, G.1    Clarke, C.2
  • 15
    • 84938200243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-vaccination activists should not be given a say in the media. The Guardian. Retrieved from
    • Dunlop, R. (2013). Anti-vaccination activists should not be given a say in the media. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/16/anti-vaccination-activistsshould-not-be-given-a-say-in-the-media
    • (2013)
    • Dunlop, R.1
  • 17
    • 0000009769 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
    • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Market Research, 18, 39-50. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3151312
    • (1981) Journal of Market Research , vol.18 , pp. 39-50
    • Fornell, C.1    Larcker, D.F.2
  • 18
    • 0038707288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading between the photographs: The influence of incidental pictorial information on issue perception
    • Gibson, R., & Zillmann, D. (2000). Reading between the photographs: The influence of incidental pictorial information on issue perception. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77, 355-366. doi:10.1177/107769900007700209
    • (2000) Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.77 , pp. 355-366
    • Gibson, R.1    Zillmann, D.2
  • 19
    • 40249085942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing persuasive appeals: Episodic and thematic framing, emotional response, and policy opinion
    • Gross, K. (2008). Framing persuasive appeals: Episodic and thematic framing, emotional response, and policy opinion. Political Psychology, 29, 169-192. doi:10.1111/j.14679221.2008.00622.x
    • (2008) Political Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 169-192
    • Gross, K.1
  • 21
    • 84907887015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable
    • Hayes, A., & Preacher, K. (2013). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 67, 451-470. doi:10.1111/bmsp.12028
    • (2013) British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 451-470
    • Hayes, A.1    Preacher, K.2
  • 23
  • 25
    • 84938203194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • August 1). CDC: Vaccination rates among kindergartners high, but exemptions worrisome. CBS News
    • Jaslow, R. (2013, August 1). CDC: Vaccination rates among kindergartners high, but exemptions worrisome. CBS News. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cdc-vaccination-rates-among-kindergartners-high-but-exemptions-worrisome/
    • (2013)
    • Jaslow, R.1
  • 26
    • 6344290317 scopus 로고
    • Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness
    • In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, A. Tversky (Eds.), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1972). Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 32-47). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • (1972) Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases , pp. 32-47
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 27
    • 84938209185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • March 21). CDC-Special report: How vaccine scares cast shadows over science. Reuters
    • Kelland, K. (2013, March 21). CDC-Special report: How vaccine scares cast shadows over science. Reuters. Retrieved from http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/21/uk-vaccines-narcolepsy-idUKBRE92K06X20130321
    • (2013)
    • Kelland, K.1
  • 28
    • 84930519857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental science in the media: Effects of opposing viewpoints on risk and uncertainty perceptions
    • Kortenkamp, K., & Basten, B. (2015). Environmental science in the media: Effects of opposing viewpoints on risk and uncertainty perceptions. Science Communication. doi:10.1177/1075547015574016
    • (2015) Science Communication
    • Kortenkamp, K.1    Basten, B.2
  • 29
    • 0036409434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eta squared, partial eta squared, and misreporting effect size in communication research
    • Levine, T., & Hullett, C. (2002). Eta squared, partial eta squared, and misreporting effect size in communication research. Human Communication Research, 28, 612-625. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00828.x
    • (2002) Human Communication Research , vol.28 , pp. 612-625
    • Levine, T.1    Hullett, C.2
  • 30
    • 84938209365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccine scientist slams media's "false balance." LDI Health Economist. Retrieved from
    • Levins, H. (2014). Vaccine scientist slams media's "false balance." LDI Health Economist. Retrieved from http://ldihealtheconomist.com/he000096.shtml
    • (2014)
    • Levins, H.1
  • 31
    • 84875716640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pivotal role of perceived scientific consensus in acceptance of science
    • Lewandowsky, S., Gilles, G., & Vaughan, S. (2013). The pivotal role of perceived scientific consensus in acceptance of science. Nature Climate Change, 3, 399-404. doi:10.1038/10.1038/NCLIMATE1720
    • (2013) Nature Climate Change , vol.3 , pp. 399-404
    • Lewandowsky, S.1    Gilles, G.2    Vaughan, S.3
  • 33
    • 84874605485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of narcolepsy in children and young people receiving AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine: retrospective analysis
    • Miller, E., Andrews, N., Stellitano, L., Stowe, J., Winstone, A. M., Shneerson, J., & Verity, C. (2013). Risk of narcolepsy in children and young people receiving AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine: retrospective analysis. BMJ, 346, f794. doi:10.1136/bmj.f794
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.346 , pp. f794
    • Miller, E.1    Andrews, N.2    Stellitano, L.3    Stowe, J.4    Winstone, A.M.5    Shneerson, J.6    Verity, C.7
  • 37
    • 51749122904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Message design strategies to raise public awareness of social determinants of health and population disparities
    • Niederdeppe, J., Bu, L., Borah, P., Kindig, D., & Robert, S. (2008). Message design strategies to raise public awareness of social determinants of health and population disparities. The Milbank Quarterly, 86, 481-513
    • (2008) The Milbank Quarterly , vol.86 , pp. 481-513
    • Niederdeppe, J.1    Bu, L.2    Borah, P.3    Kindig, D.4    Robert, S.5
  • 38
    • 84881237408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude change in competitive framing environments? Open/close-mindedness, framing effects, and climate change
    • Nisbet, E. C., Hart, P. S., Myers, T., & Ellithorpe, M. (2013). Attitude change in competitive framing environments? Open/close-mindedness, framing effects, and climate change. Journal of Communication, 63, 766-785. doi:10.1111/jcom.12040
    • (2013) Journal of Communication , vol.63 , pp. 766-785
    • Nisbet, E.C.1    Hart, P.S.2    Myers, T.3    Ellithorpe, M.4
  • 39
    • 2142778271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to handle opposing arguments in persuasive messages: A meta analytic review of the effects of one-sided and two-sided messages
    • O'Keefe, D. J. (1999). How to handle opposing arguments in persuasive messages: A meta analytic review of the effects of one-sided and two-sided messages. Communication Yearbook, 22, 209-249. Retrieved from http://www.dokeefe.net/pub/OKeefe99CY.pdf
    • (1999) Communication Yearbook , vol.22 , pp. 209-249
    • O'Keefe, D.J.1
  • 40
    • 84899883405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical conspiracy theories and health behaviors in the United States
    • Oliver, E., & Wood, M. A. (2014). Medical conspiracy theories and health behaviors in the United States. JAMA, 174, 817-818. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.190
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.174 , pp. 817-818
    • Oliver, E.1    Wood, M.A.2
  • 41
    • 84859027226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland
    • Partinen, M., Saarenpaa-Heikkila, O., Ilveskoski, I., Hublin, C., Olsen, P., Nokelainen, P., Alen, R., & Kirjavainen, T. (2012). Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland. PloS ONE, 7, e33723. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033723
    • (2012) PloS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e33723
    • Partinen, M.1    Saarenpaa-Heikkila, O.2    Ilveskoski, I.3    Hublin, C.4    Olsen, P.5    Nokelainen, P.6    Alen, R.7    Kirjavainen, T.8
  • 42
    • 84892502553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks of neurological and immune-related diseases, including narcolepsy, after vaccination with Pandemrix: A population- and registry-based cohort study with over 2 years of follow-up
    • Persson, I., Granath, F., Askling, J., Ludvigsson, J. F., Olsson, T., & Feltelius, N. (2014). Risks of neurological and immune-related diseases, including narcolepsy, after vaccination with Pandemrix: A population- and registry-based cohort study with over 2 years of follow-up. Journal of Internal Medicine, 275, 172-190. doi:10.1111/joim.12150
    • (2014) Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.275 , pp. 172-190
    • Persson, I.1    Granath, F.2    Askling, J.3    Ludvigsson, J.F.4    Olsson, T.5    Feltelius, N.6
  • 43
    • 84938210557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisan views of global warming: Many tea party republicans say it's 'just not happening
    • Pew Research (2013). Partisan views of global warming: Many tea party republicans say it's 'just not happening. Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/2013/11/01/gopdeeply-divided-over-climate-change/11-1-13-1-new/
    • (2013)
  • 44
    • 84938215777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second Annual PhRMA Survey: How Americans view their health, three important new health trends to watch
    • PhRMA (2014). Second Annual PhRMA Survey: How Americans view their health, three important new health trends to watch. Retrieved from: http://www.phrma.org/catalyst/second-annual-phrma-survey
    • (2014)
  • 45
    • 84985071752 scopus 로고
    • A question of accuracy: How journalists and scientists report research on hazards
    • Singer, E. (1990). A question of accuracy: How journalists and scientists report research on hazards. Journal of Communication, 40, 102-116. doi:10.1111/j.14602466.1990.tb02284.x
    • (1990) Journal of Communication , vol.40 , pp. 102-116
    • Singer, E.1
  • 46
    • 85027982511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing data characteristics and results of an online factorial survey between a population-based and crowdsource-recruited sample
    • Weinberg, J., Freese, J., & McElhattan, D. (2014). Comparing data characteristics and results of an online factorial survey between a population-based and crowdsource-recruited sample. Sociological Science, 1, 292-310. doi:10.15195/v1.a19
    • (2014) Sociological Science , vol.1 , pp. 292-310
    • Weinberg, J.1    Freese, J.2    McElhattan, D.3
  • 47
    • 40049087448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (n.d.). MMR and autism. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/committee/topics/mmr/mmr_autism/en/
    • MMR and autism
  • 48
    • 33746763416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exemplification effects in the promotion of health and safety
    • Zillmann, D. (2006). Exemplification effects in the promotion of health and safety. Journal of Communication, 56, S221-S237. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00291.x
    • (2006) Journal of Communication , vol.56 , pp. S221-S237
    • Zillmann, D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.