The value of democracy: Evidence from road building in Kenya

American Economic Review

Volumn 105, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1817-1851

  Burgess, Robin ^a   Jedwab, Remi ^b   Miguel, Edward ^c   Morjaria, Ameet ^d   Padró I Miquel, Gerard ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

^b GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937485334     PISSN: 00028282     EISSN: 19447981     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1257/aer.20131031     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Acemoglu, Daron, Suresh Naidu, Pascual Restrepo, and James A. Robinson. 2014. "Democracy Does Cause Growth." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 20004.
2. Alesina, Alberto, and Eliana La Ferrara. 2005. "Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance." Journal of Economic Literature 43 (3): 762-800.
3. Alesina, Alberto F., Stelios Michalopoulos, and Elias Papaioannou. 2012. "Ethnic Inequality." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 18512.
4. Barkan, Joel D. 1994. Beyond Capitalism vs. Socialism in Kenya and Tanzania. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
5. Barkan, Joel D., and Michael Chege. 1989. "Decentralising the State: District Focus and the Politics of Reallocation in Kenya." Journal of Modern African Studies 27 (3): 431-53.
6. Barro, Robert J., and Jong-Wha Lee. 2010. "A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010." Journal of Development Economics 104 (September): 184-98.
7. Bates, Robert H. 1981. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
8. Besley, Timothy, and Torsten Persson. 2010. "State Capacity, Conflict, and Development." Econometrica 78 (1): 1-34.
9. Besley, Timothy, and Torsten Persson. 2011. "The Logic of Political Violence." Quarterly Journal of Economics 126 (3): 1411-45.
10. Burgess, Robin, Remi Jedwab, Edward Miguel, Ameet Morjaria, and Gerard Padró i Miquel. 2015. "The Value of Democracy: Evidence from Road Building in Kenya: Dataset." American Economic Review. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20131031.
11. Caselli, Francesco, and Wilbur John Coleman II. 2013. "On the Theory of Ethnic Conflict." Journal of the European Economic Association 11 (S1): 161-92.
12. Chandra, Kanchan. 2004. Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Headcounts in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Conley, Timothy G. 1999. "GMM Estimation with Cross Sectional Dependence." Journal of Econometrics 92 (1): 1-45.
14. Donaldson, Dave. Forthcoming. "Railroads of the Raj: Estimating the Impact of Transportation." American Economic Review.
15. Easterly, William, and Ross Levine. 1997. "Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions." Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (4): 1203-50.
16. Esman, Milton J. 1994. Ethnic Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
17. Fearon, James D. 1999. "Why Ethnic Politics and 'Pork' Tend to Go Together." https://web.stanford.edu/group/fearon-research/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Pork.pdf (accessed July 2014).
18. Francois, Patrick, Ilia Rainer, and Francesco Trebbi. 2015. "How Is Power Shared in Africa?" Econometrica 83 (2): 465-503.
19. Frank, Raphaël, and Ilia Rainer. 2012. "Does the Leader's Ethnicity Matter? Ethnic Favoritism, Education, and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa." American Political Science Review 106 (2): 294-325.
20. Fujita, Masahisa, Paul Krugman, and Anthony J. Venables. 1999. The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
21. Herbst, Jeffrey. 2000. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
22. Hodler, Roland, and Paul A. Raschky. 2014. "Regional Favoritism." Quarterly Journal of Economics 129 (2): 995-1033.
23. Horowitz, Donald L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
24. Jedwab, Remi, and Alexander Moradi. Forthcoming. "The Permanent Effects of Transportation Revolutions in Poor Countries: Evidence from Africa." Review of Economics and Statistics.
25. Kasara, Kimuli. 2007. "Tax Me If You Can: Ethnic Geography, Democracy, and the Taxation of Agriculture in Africa." American Political Science Review 101 (1): 159-72.
26. Kramon, Eric, and Daniel N. Posner. 2014. "Ethnic Favoritism in Primary Education in Kenya." http://pluto.mscc.huji.ac.il/~okedar/documents/KramonandPosner.pdf (accessed July 2014).
27. Mamdani, Mahmood. 1996. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and Legacy of Late Colonialism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
28. Michaels, Guy. 2008. "The Effect of Trade on the Demand for Skill: Evidence from the Interstate Highway System." Review of Economics and Statistics 90 (4): 683-701.
29. Michalopoulos, Stelios, and Elias Papaioannou. 2011. "The Long-Run Effects of the Scramble for Africa." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 17620.
30. Miguel, Edward, and Mary Kay Gugerty. 2005. "Ethnic Diversity, Social Sanctions, and Public Goods in Kenya." Journal of Public Economics 89 (11-12): 2325-68.
31. Morjaria, Ameet. 2014. "Is Democracy Detrimental for the Environment in Developing Countries? Evidence from Kenya." https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/24297068/amorjaria-forest.pdf (accessed July 2014).
32. Padró i Miquel, Gerard. 2007. "The Control of Politicians in Divided Societies: The Politics of Fear." Review of Economic Studies 74 (4): 1259-74.
33. Posner, Daniel N. 2005. Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.
34. th Century, edited by B. A. Ogot, 1-32. Kisumu, Kenya: Anyange Press.
35. Wamwere, Koigi Wa. 2003. Negative Ethnicity: From Bias to Genocide. New York: Seven Stories Press.
36. Widner, Jennifer A. 1992. The Rise of a Party-State in Kenya: From Harambee! to Nyayo! Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
37. Wrong, Michela. 2009. It's Our Turn to Eat: The Story of a Kenyan Whistle-Blower. London, UK: Fourth Estate.