The impacts of heterogeneous land surface fluxes on the diurnal cycle precipitation: A framework for improving the GCM representation of land-atmosphere interactions

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 120, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 3714-3727

  Wu, Chien Ming ^a   Lo, Min Hui ^a   Chen, Wei Ting ^a   Lu, Chia Tsung ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; BOUNDARY LAYER; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; DIURNAL VARIATION; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; HETEROGENEITY; KINETIC ENERGY; MAGNITUDE; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; PATCH SIZE; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SURFACE FLUX; VORTICITY;

EID: 84937191773     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JD023030     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Arakawa, A., and C.-M. Wu (2013), A unified representation of deep moist convection in numerical modeling of the atmosphere. Part I, J. Atmos. Sci., 70(7), 1977-1992, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0330.1.
2. Avissar, R. (1992), Conceptual aspects of a statistical-dynamical approach to represent landscape subgrid-scale heterogeneities in atmospheric models, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D3), 2729-2742, doi:10.1029/91JD01751.
3. Avissar, R., and T. Schmidt (1998), An evaluation of the scale at which ground-surface heat flux patchiness affects the convective boundary layer using large-eddy simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 55(16), 2666-2689, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2666:AEOTSA>2.0.CO;2.
4. Barnston, A. G., and P. T. Schickedanz (1984), The effect of irrigation on warm season precipitation in the Southern Great Plains, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23(6), 865-888, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1984)023<0865:TEOIOW>2.0.CO;2.
5. Bechtold, P., J.-P. Chaboureau, A. Beljaars, A. K. Betts, M. Köhler, M. Miller, and J.-L. Redelsperger (2004), The simulation of the diurnal cycle of convective precipitation over land in a global model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130(604), 3119-3137, doi:10.1256/qj.03.103.
6. Betts, A. K., and C. Jakob (2002), Study of diurnal cycle of convective precipitation over Amazonia using a single column model, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4732, doi:10.1029/2002JD002264.
7. Betts, A. K., J. D. Fuentes, M. Garstang, and J. H. Ball (2002), Surface diurnal cycle and boundary layer structure over Rondônia during the rainy season, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 8065, doi:10.1029/2001JD000356.
8. Brunsell, N. A., and R. R. Gillies (2003), Scale issues in land-atmosphere interactions: Implications for remote sensing of the surface energy balance, Agric. For. Meteorol., 117(3-4), 203-221, doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00064-9.
9. Chen, F., and R. Avissar (1994), The impact of land-surface wetness heterogeneity on mesoscale heat fluxes, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33(11), 1323-1340, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1323:TIOLSW>2.0.CO;2.
10. Courault, D., P. Drobinski, Y. Brunet, P. Lacarrere, and C. Talbot (2007), Impact of surface heterogeneity on a buoyancy-driven convective boundary layer in light winds, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 124(3), 383-403, doi:10.1007/s10546-007-9172-y.
11. Couvreux, F., et al. (2015), Representation of daytime moist convection over the semi-arid Tropics by parameterizations used in climate and meteorological models, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., doi:10.1002/qj.2517.
12. D’Andrea, F., P. Gentine, A. K. Betts, and B. R. Lintner (2014), Triggering deep convection with a probabilistic plume model, J. Atmos. Sci., 71(11), 3881-3901, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0340.1.
13. Daniels, E. E., R. W. A. Hutjes, G. Lenderink, R. J. Ronda, and A. A. M. Holtslag (2014), Land surface feedbacks on spring precipitation in the Netherlands, J. Hydrometeorol., 16(1), 232-243, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-14-0072.1.
14. Deardorff, J. W. (1972), Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in general circulation models1, Mon. Weather Rev., 100(2), 93-106, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0093:POTPBL>2.3.CO;2.
15. Doran, J. C., J. M. Hubbe, J. C. Liljegren, W. J. Shaw, G. J. Collatz, D. R. Cook, and R. L. Hart (1998), A technique for determining the spatial and temporal distributions of surface fluxes of heat andmoisture over the Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D6), 6109-6121, doi:10.1029/97JD03427.
16. Ek, M. B., and A. A. M. Holtslag (2004), Influence of soil moisture on boundary layer cloud development, J. Hydrometeorol., 5(1), 86-99, doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0086:IOSMOB>2.0.CO;2.
17. Entekhabi, D., and P. S. Eagleson (1989), Land surface hydrology parameterization for atmospheric general circulation models including subgrid scale spatial variability, J. Clim., 2(8), 816-831, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0816:LSHPFA>2.0.CO;2.
18. Famiglietti, J. S., and E. F. Wood (1994), Multiscale modeling of spatially variable water and energy balance processes, Water Resour. Res., 30(11), 3061-3078, doi:10.1029/94WR01498.
19. Fridlind, A., A. Ackerman, J. Petch, P. Field, A. Hill, G. McFarquhar, S. Xie, and M. Zhang (2010), ARM/GCSS/SPARC TWP-ICE CRM intercomparison study.
20. Gentine, P., A. A. M. Holtslag, F. D’Andrea, and M. Ek (2013), Surface and atmospheric controls on the onset of moist convection over land, J. Hydrometeorol., 14(5), 1443-1462, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-12-0137.1.
21. Guichard, F., et al. (2004), Modelling the diurnal cycle of deep precipitating convection over landwith cloud-resolvingmodels and single-column models, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130(604), 3139-3172, doi:10.1256/qj.03.145.
22. Heinemann, G., and M. Kerschgens (2006), Simulation of surface energy fluxes using high-resolution non-hydrostatic simulations and comparisons with measurements for the LITFASS-2003 experiment, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 121(1), 195-220, doi:10.1007/s10546-006-9107-z.
23. Hohenegger, C., P. Brockhaus, C. S. Bretherton, and C. Schär (2009), The soil moisture-precipitation feedback in simulations with explicit and parameterized convection, J. Clim., 22(19), 5003-5020, doi:10.1175/2009JCL12604.1.
24. Huang, H.-Y., and S. A. Margulis (2009), On the impact of surface heterogeneity on a realistic convective boundary layer, Water Resour. Res., 45, W04425, doi:10.1029/2008WR007175.
25. Huang, H.-Y., and S. A. Margulis (2013), Impact of soil moisture heterogeneity length scale and gradients on daytime coupled land-cloudy boundary layer interactions: Impact of soil moisture heterogeneity length scale and gradients, Hydrol. Processes, 27(14), 1988-2003, doi:10.1002/hyp.9351.
26. Huang, H.-Y., S. A. Margulis, C. R. Chu, and H.-C. Tsai (2011), Investigation of the impacts of vegetation distribution and evaporative cooling on synthetic urban daytime climate using a coupled LES-LSM model, Hydrol. Processes, 25(10), 1574-1586, doi:10.1002/hyp.7919.
27. Hutchinson, M. F. (1991), Climatic analyses in data sparse regions, Climatic Risk in Crop Production Production, edited by R. C. Muchow and J. A. Bellamy, pp. 55-71, CAB International, Wallingford, England.
28. Iacono, M. J., J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, M. W. Shephard, S. A. Clough, and W. D. Collins (2008), Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D13103, doi:10.1029/2008JD009944.
29. Jung, J.-H., and A. Arakawa (2008), A three-dimensional anelastic model based on the vorticity equation, Mon. Weather Rev., 136(1), 276-294, doi:10.1175/2007MWR2095.1.
30. Jung, J.-H., and A. Arakawa (2010), Development of a quasi-3D multiscale modeling framework: Motivation, basic algorithm and preliminary results, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2(4), doi:10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.11.
31. Kang, S.-L., D. Lenschow, and P. Sullivan (2012), Effects of mesoscale surface thermal heterogeneity on low-level horizontal wind speeds, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 143(3), 409-432, doi:10.1007/s10546-011-9691-4.
32. Khairoutdinov, M., and D. Randall (2006), High-resolution simulation of shallow-to-deep convection transition over land, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 3421-3436, doi:10.1175/JAS3810.1.
33. Krueger, S. K., Q. Fu, K. N. Liou, and H.-N. S. Chin (1995), Improvements of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in numerical simulations of tropical convection, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34(1), 281-287, doi:10.1175/1520-0450-34.1.281.
34. Lo, M.-H., and J. S. Famiglietti (2013), Irrigation in California’s Central Valley strengthens the southwestern U.S. water cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 301-306, doi:10.1002/grl.50108.
35. Lo, M.-H., P. J.-F. Yeh, and J. S. Famiglietti (2008), Constraining water table depth simulations in a land surface model using estimated baseflow, Adv. Water Resour., 31(12), 1552-1564, doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.06.007.
36. Lo, M.-H., C.-M. Wu, H.-Y. Ma, and J. S. Famiglietti (2013), The response of coastal stratocumulus clouds to agricultural irrigation in California, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 6044-6051, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50516.
37. Mapes, B., and R. Neale (2011), Parameterizing convective organization to escape the entrainment dilemma, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 3(2), M06004, doi:10.1029/2011MS000042.
38. Niu, G.-Y., Z.-L. Yang, R. E. Dickinson, and L. E. Gulden (2005), A simple TOPMODEL-based runoff parameterization (SIMTOP) for use in global climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21106, doi:10.1029/2005JD006111.
39. Niu, G.-Y., Z.-L. Yang, R. E. Dickinson, L. E. Gulden, and H. Su (2007), Development of a simple groundwater model for use in climate models and evaluation with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07103, doi:10.1029/2006JD007522.
40. Oleson, K. W., et al. (2008), Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 113, G01021, doi:10.1029/2007JG000563.
41. Patton, E. G., P. P. Sullivan, and C.-H. Moeng (2005), The influence of idealized heterogeneity on wet and dry planetary boundary layers coupled to the land surface, J. Atmos. Sci., 62(7), 2078-2097, doi:10.1175/JAS3465.1.
42. Pielke, R. A. (2001), Influence of the spatial distribution of vegetation and soils on the prediction of cumulus convective rainfall, Rev. Geophys., 39(2), 151-177, doi:10.1029/1999RG000072.
43. Pielke, R. A., and R. Avissar (1990), Influence of landscape structure on local and regional climate, Landscape Ecol., 4(2-3), 133-155, doi:10.1007/BF00132857.
44. Raupach, M. R. (1993), The averaging of surface flux densities in heterogeneous landscapes, Exchange Processes at the Land Surface for a Range of Space and Time Scales, Proc. Symp. J3.1, Joint Scientific Assembly of IAMAP and IAHS, vol. 212, edited by H.-J. Belle, R. A. Feddes, and J. D. Kalma, pp. 343-355, IAHS Publ., Yokohama, Japan.
45. Rieck, M., C. Hohenegger, and C. C. van Heerwaarden (2014), The influence of land surface heterogeneities on cloud size development, Mon. Weather Rev., 142(10), 3830-3846, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-13-00354.1.
46. Rio, C., F. Hourdin, J.-Y. Grandpeix, and J.-P. Lafore (2009), Shifting the diurnal cycle of parameterized deep convection over land, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07809, doi:10.1029/2008GL036779.
47. Rodell, M., et al. (2004), The Global Land Data Assimilation System, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85(3), 381-394, doi:10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381.
48. Segal, M., R. Avissar, M. C. McCumber, and R. A. Pielke (1988), Evaluation of vegetation effects on the generation and modification of mesoscale circulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 45(16), 2268-2293, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<2268:EOVEOT>2.0.CO;2.
49. Shutts, G. J., and M. E. B. Gray (1994), A numerical modelling study of the geostrophic adjustment process following deep convection, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 120(519), 1145-1178, doi:10.1002/qj.49712051903.
50. Stephens, G. L., S. van den Heever, and L. Pakula (2008), Radiative-convective feedbacks in idealized states of radiative-convective equilibrium, J. Atmos. Sci., 65(12), 3899-3916, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2524.1.
51. Stohlgren, T. J., T. N. Chase, R. A. Pielke Sr., T. G. F. Kittel, and J. S. Baron (1998), Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate, vegetation, and streamflow patterns in adjacent natural areas, Global Change Biol., 4(5), 495-504, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.t01-1-00182.x.
52. Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, C.-H. Sui, B. Ferrier, and M.-D. Chou (1996), Mechanisms of cloud-radiation interaction in the tropics and midlatitudes, J. Atmos. Sci., 53(18), 2624-2651, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2624:MOCRII>2.0.CO;2.
53. Taylor, C. M., D. J. Parker, and P. P. Harris (2007), An observational case study of mesoscale atmospheric circulations induced by soil moisture, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L15801, doi:10.1029/2007GL030572.
54. Taylor, C. M., C. E. Birch, D. J. Parker, N. Dixon, F. Guichard, G. Nikulin, and G. M. S. Lister (2013), Modeling soil moisture-precipitation feedback in the Sahel: Importance of spatial scale versus convective parameterization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 6213-6218, doi:10.1002/2013GL058511.
55. Wang, J., R. L. Bars, and E. A. B. Eltahir (1996), A stochastic linear theory of mesoscale circulation induced by the thermal heterogeneity of the land surface, J. Atmos. Sci., 53(22), 3349-3366, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<3349:ASLTOM>2.0.CO;2.
56. Westra, D., G. J. Steeneveld, and A. A. M. Holtslag (2012), Some observational evidence for dry soils supporting enhanced relative humidity at the convective boundary layer top, J. Hydrometeorol., 13(4), 1347-1358, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-11-0136.1.
57. Wu, C.-M., and A. Arakawa (2011), Inclusion of surface topography into the vector vorticity equation model (VVM), J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 3(2), doi:10.1029/2011MS000061.
58. Wu, C.-M., and A. Arakawa (2014), A unified representation of deep moist convection in numerical modeling of the atmosphere: Part II, J. Atmos. Sci., doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0382.1.
59. Wu, C.-M., B. Stevens, and A. Arakawa (2009), What controls the transition from shallow to deep convection?, J. Atmos. Sci., 66(6), 1793-1806, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2945.1.
60. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall (1995), Impact of interactive radiative transfer on the macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles. Part II: Mechanisms for cloud-radiation interactions, J. Atmos. Sci., 52(7), 800-817, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<0800:IOIRTO>2.0.CO;2.