A three-dimensional anelastic model based on the vorticity equation

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 136, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 276-294

  Jung, Joon Hee ^a   Arakawa, Akio ^b  

^a Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVECTION; APPROXIMATION THEORY; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE; CLOUDS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PRESSURE GRADIENT; THREE DIMENSIONAL; VORTICITY;

ANELASTIC MODEL; VORTICITY EQUATION;

METEOROLOGY;

ACCELERATION; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CONVECTION; CUMULUS; PARAMETERIZATION; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; VERTICAL MOVEMENT; VORTICITY;

EID: 39749133705     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007MWR2095.1     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Arakawa, A., and C. S. Konor, 1996: Vertical differencing of the primitive equations based on the Charney-Phillips grid in hybrid σ-p vertical coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 511-528.
2. Bannon, P., 1996: On the anelastic approximation for a compressible atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3618-3628.
3. Cho, H. R., and T. L. Clark, 1981: A numerical investigation of the structure of vorticity fields associated with a deep convective cloud. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1654-1670.
4. Clark, T. L., 1979: Numerical simulations with a three-dimensional cloud model: Lateral boundary condition experiments and multicellular severe storm simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 2191-2215.
5. Cotton, W. R., and G. J. Tripoli, 1978: Cumulus convection in shear flow - Three-dimensional numerical experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1503-1521.
6. Deardorff, J. W., 1972: Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 93-106.
7. Durran, D. R., 1989: Improving the anelastic approximation. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1453-1461.
8. Fu, Q., S. K. Krueger, and K. N. Liou, 1995: Interactions of radiation and convection in simulated tropical cloud clusters. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1310-1328.
9. Jung, J.-H., and A. Arakawa, 2005: A three-dimensional cloud model based on the vector vorticity equation. Colorado State University Atmospheric Science Paper 762, 57 pp. [Available online at http:// kiwi.atmos.colostate.edu/pubs/)joon-heetech-report.pdf.]
10. Khairoutdinov, M. F., and D. A. Randall, 2003: Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 607-625.
11. Kirk, J. R., 2003: Comparing the dynamical development of two mesoscale convective vortices. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 862-890.
12. Klemp, J. B., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1978: The simulation of three-dimensional convective storm dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1070-1096.
13. Kogan, Y. L., 1991: The simulation of a convective cloud in a 3-D model with explicit microphysics. Part I: Model description and sensitivity experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1160-1189.
14. Krueger, S. K., 1988: Numerical simulation of tropical cumulus clouds and their interaction with the subcloud layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2221-2250.
15. Krueger, S. K., 2000: Cloud system modeling. General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present, and Future, D. A. Randall, Ed., Academic Press, 605-640.
16. Krueger, S. K., Q. Fu, K. N. Liou, and H.-N. Chin, 1995: Improvements of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in numerical simulations of tropical convection. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 281-287.
17. Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
18. Lipps, F. B., and R. S. Hemler, 1982: A scale analysis of deep moist convection and some related numerical calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2192-2210.
19. Lipps, F. B., and R. S. Hemler, 1986: Numerical simulation of deep tropical convection associated with large-scale convergence. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1796-1816.
20. Lord, S. J., H. E. Willoughby, and J. M. Piotrowicz, 1984: Role of a parameterized ice-phase microphysics in an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic tropical cyclone model. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2836-2848.
21. Mapes, B. E., and X. Wu, 2001: Convective eddy momentum tendencies in long cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 517-526.
22. Miller, M. J., and R. P. Pearce, 1974: A three-dimensional primitive equation model of cumulonimbus convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 100, 133-154.
23. Ogura, Y., and N. A. Phillips, 1962: Scale analysis of deep and shallow convection in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 173-179.
24. Redelsperger, J.-L., and G. Sommeria, 1986: Three-dimensional simulation of a convective storm: Sensitivity studies on sub-grid parameterization and spatial resolution. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2619-2635.
25. Rotunno, R., 1981: On the evolution of thunderstorm rotation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 577-586.
26. Saitoh, T. S., T. Shimada, and H. Hoshi, 1996: Modeling and simulation of the Tokyo urban heat island. Atmos. Environ., 30, 3431-3442.
27. Schlesinger, R. E., 1978: A three-dimensional numerical model of an isolated thunderstorm: Part I. Comparative experiments for variable ambient wind shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 690-713.
28. Schlesinger, R. E., 1980: A three-dimensional numerical model of an isolated thunderstorm. Part II: Dynamics of updraft splitting and mesovortex couplet evolution. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 395-420.
29. Shutts, G. J., and M. E. B. Gray, 1994: A numerical modeling study of the geostrophic adjustment process following deep convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1145-1178.
30. Sievers, U., and W. G. Zdunkowski, 1986: A microscale urban climate model. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 59, 13-40.
31. Skamarock, W. C., M. L. Weisman, and J. B. Klemp, 1994: Three-dimensional evolution of simulated long-lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2563-2584.
32. Steiner, J. T., 1973: A three-dimensional model of cumulus cloud development. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 414-435.
33. Straka, J. M., R. B. Wilhelmson, L. J. Wicker, J. R. Anderson, and K. K. Droegemeier, 1993: Numerical solutions of a non-linear density current: A benchmark solution and comparisons. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 17, 1-22.
34. Sui, C.-H., and M. Yanai, 1986: Cumulus ensemble effects on the large-scale vorticity and momentum fields of GATE. Part I: Observational evidence. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1618-1642.
35. Takahashi, T., 1981: Warm rain development in a three-dimensional cloud model. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1991-2013.
36. Tao, W.-K., and S.-T. Soong, 1986: A study of the response of deep tropical clouds to mesoscale processes: Three-dimensional numerical experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2653-2676.
37. Thunis, P., and A. Clappier, 2000: Formulation and evaluation of a nonhydrostatic mesoscale vorticity model (TVM). Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3236-3251.
38. Thyer, N. H., 1966: A theoretical explanation of mountain and valley winds by a numerical model. Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol., 26, 39-50.
39. Tollerud, E. I., and S. K. Esbensen, 1983: An observational study of the upper-tropospheric vorticity fields in GATE cloud clusters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 2161-2175.
40. Weisman, M. L., and R. Rotunno, 2004: "A theory for strong long-lived squall lines" revisited. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 361-382.