Syntax, action verbs, action semantics, and object semantics in Parkinson's disease: Dissociability, progression, and executive influences

Cortex

Volumn 69, Issue , 2015, Pages 237-254

  Bocanegra, Yamile ^a,b   García, Adolfo M ^c,d,e,f   Pineda, David ^a   Buriticá, Omar ^a,g   Villegas, Andrés ^a   Lopera, Francisco ^a   Gómez, Diana ^a   Gómez Arias, Catalina ^b   Cardona, Juan F ^h   Trujillo, Natalia ^a   Ibáñez, Agustín ^c,d,e,i,j  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE ANTIOQUIA   (Colombia)

^b UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN BUENAVENTURA   (Colombia)

^c FAVALORO UNIVERSITY   (Argentina)

^d National Scientific and Technical Research Council ^*  (Argentina)

^e UNIVERSIDAD DIEGO PORTALES   (Chile)

^f UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CUYO   (Argentina)

^g HOSPITAL PABLO TOBÓN URIBE   (Colombia)

^h UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE   (Colombia)

ⁱ UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL CARIBE   (Colombia)

^j ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN COGNITION AND ITS DISORDERS   (Australia)

more..

Author keywords

Action semantics; Action verbs; Executive functions; Mild cognitive impairment; Object semantics; Parkinson's disease; Syntax

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; LANGUAGE ABILITY; LANGUAGE DISABILITY; LANGUAGE PROCESSING; LANGUAGE TEST; LINGUISTICS; MALE; MENTAL TASK; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; PARKINSON DISEASE; SEMANTICS; AGED; BASAL GANGLION; DISEASE COURSE; LANGUAGE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY;

AGED; BASAL GANGLIA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PARKINSON DISEASE;

EID: 84936979285     PISSN: 00109452     EISSN: 19738102     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.022     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Aarsland D., Andersen K., Larsen J.P., Lolk A., Kragh-Sørensen P. Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8-year prospective study. Archives of Neurology 2003, 60(3):387-392.
2. Aarsland D., Brønnick K., Larsen J.P., Tysnes O.B., Alves G., Group N.P.S. Cognitive impairment in incident, untreated Parkinson disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study. Neurology 2009, 72(13):1121-1126. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000338632.00552.cb.
3. Aarsland D., Bronnick K., Williams-Gray C., Weintraub D., Marder K., Kulisevsky J., et al. Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis. Neurology 2010, 75(12):1062-1069. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f39d0e.
4. Aarsland D., Kurz M.W. The epidemiology of dementia associated with Parkinson disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2010, 289(1-2):18-22. 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.034.
5. Angwin A.J., Chenery H.J., Copland D.A., Murdoch B.E., Silburn P.A. Self-paced reading and sentence comprehension in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2006, 19(3):239-252. 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2005.11.004.
6. Aravena P., Courson M., Frak V., Cheylus A., Paulignan Y., Deprez V., et al. Action relevance in linguistic context drives word-induced motor activity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2014, 8:163. 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00163.
7. Bak T.H. The neuroscience of action semantics in neurodegenerative brain diseases. Current Opinion In Neurology 2013, 26(6):671-677. 10.1097/wco.0000000000000039.
8. Bak T.H., Hodges J.R. Kissing and dancing-a test to distinguish the lexical and conceptual contributions to noun/verb and action/object dissociation. Preliminary results in patients with frontotemporal dementia. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2003, 16(2-3):169-181. 10.1016/S0911-6044(02)00011-8.
9. Bak T.H., Hodges J.R. The effects of motor neurone disease on language: further evidence. Brain Lang 2004, 89(2):354-361. 10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00357-2.
10. Bak T.H., O'Donovan D.G., Xuereb J.H., Boniface S., Hodges J.R. Selective impairment of verb processing associated with pathological changes in Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in the motor neurone disease-dementia-aphasia syndrome. Brain 2001, 124(Pt 1):103-120.
11. Bak T.H., Yancopoulou D., Nestor P.J., Xuereb J.H., Spillantini M.G., Pulvermüller F., et al. Clinical, imaging and pathological correlates of a hereditary deficit in verb and action processing. Brain 2006, 129(Pt 2):321-332. 10.1093/brain/awh701.
12. Barsalou L.W. Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1999, 22(4):577-609. discussion 610-560.
13. Bertella L., Albani G., Greco E., Priano L., Mauro A., Marchi S., et al. Noun verb dissociation in Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 2002, 48(2-3):277-280.
14. Biundo R., Weis L., Facchini S., Formento-Dojot P., Vallelunga A., Pilleri M., et al. Cognitive profiling of Parkinson disease patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 2014, 20(4):394-399. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.01.009.
15. Boudewyn M.A., Long D.L., Swaab T.Y. Cognitive control influences the use of meaning relations during spoken sentence comprehension. Neuropsychologia 2012, 50(11):2659-2668. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.019.
16. Boulenger V., Mechtouff L., Thobois S., Broussolle E., Jeannerod M., Nazir T.A. Word processing in Parkinson's disease is impaired for action verbs but not for concrete nouns. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46(2):743-756. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.007.
17. Broeders M., de Bie R.M., Velseboer D.C., Speelman J.D., Muslimovic D., Schmand B. Evolution of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2013, 81(4):346-352. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829c5c86.
18. Bronnick K., Emre M., Lane R., Tekin S., Aarsland D. Profile of cognitive impairment in dementia associated with Parkinson's disease compared with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2007, 78(10):1064-1068. 10.1136/jnnp.2006.108076.
19. Buter T.C., van den Hout A., Matthews F.E., Larsen J.P., Brayne C., Aarsland D. Dementia and survival in Parkinson disease: a 12-year population study. Neurology 2008, 70(13):1017-1022. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000306632.43729.24.
20. Cardona J.F., Gershanik O., Gelormini-Lezama C., Houck A.L., Cardona S., Kargieman L., et al. Action-verb processing in Parkinson's disease: new pathways for motor-language coupling. Brain Struct Funct 2013, 218(6):1355-1373. 10.1007/s00429-013-0510-1.
21. Cardona J., Kargieman L., Sinay V., Gershanik O., Gelormini C., Amoruso L., et al. How embodied is action language? Neurological evidence from motor diseases. Cognition 2014, 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.1002.1001.
22. Caviness J.N., Driver-Dunckley E., Connor D.J., Sabbagh M.N., Hentz J.G., Noble B., et al. Defining mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 2007, 22(9):1272-1277. 10.1002/mds.21453.
23. Cobble M. Language impairment in motor neurone disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1998, 160(Suppl. 1):S47-S52.
24. Colman K.S., Koerts J., Stowe L.A., Leenders K.L., Bastiaanse R. Sentence comprehension and its association with executive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's Disease 2011, 2011:213983. 10.4061/2011/213983.
25. Colman K.S., Koerts J., van Beilen M., Leenders K.L., Post W.J., Bastiaanse R. The impact of executive functions on verb production in patients with Parkinson's disease. Cortex 2009, 45(8):930-942. 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.12.010.
26. Copland D. The basal ganglia and semantic engagement: potential insights from semantic priming in individuals with subcortical vascular lesions, Parkinson's disease, and cortical lesions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2003, 9(7):1041-1052. 10.1017/s1355617703970081.
27. Cotelli M., Borroni B., Manenti R., Alberici A., Calabria M., Agosti C., et al. Action and object naming in frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. Neuropsychology 2006, 20(5):558-565. 10.1037/0894-4105.20.5.558.
28. Cotelli M., Borroni B., Manenti R., Zanetti M., Arévalo A., Cappa S.F., et al. Action and object naming in Parkinson's disease without dementia. European Journal of Neurology 2007, 14(6):632-637. 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01797.x.
29. Crescentini C., Mondolo F., Biasutti E., Shallice T. Supervisory and routine processes in noun and verb generation in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46(2):434-447. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.08.021.
30. Crosson B., Benefield H., Cato M.A., Sadek J.R., Moore A.B., Wierenga C.E., et al. Left and right basal ganglia and frontal activity during language generation: contributions to lexical, semantic, and phonological processes. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2003, 9(7):1061-1077. 10.1017/S135561770397010X.
31. Dalrymple-Alford J.C., MacAskill M.R., Nakas C.T., Livingston L., Graham C., Crucian G.P., et al. The MoCA: well-suited screen for cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2010, 75(19):1717-1725. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181fc29c9.
32. Daniele A., Barbier A., Di Giuda D., Vita M.G., Piccininni C., Spinelli P., et al. Selective impairment of action-verb naming and comprehension in progressive supranuclear palsy. Cortex 2013, 49(4):948-960. 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.03.024.
33. Dubois B., Pillon B. Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology 1996, 244(1):2-8. 10.1007/PL00007725.
34. Fahn S., Elton R.L. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Recent developments in Parkinson's disease II 1987, 153-163. Macmillan, New York. S. Fahn, C.D. Marsden, M. Goldstein (Eds.).
35. Fearnley J.M., Lees A.J. Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity. Brain 1991, 114(Pt 5):2283-2301.
36. Fernandino L., Conant L.L., Binder J.R., Blindauer K., Hiner B., Spangler K., et al. Parkinson's disease disrupts both automatic and controlled processing of action verbs. Brain Lang 2013, 127(1):65-74. pii: S0093-934X(12)00140-X. 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.07.008.
37. Fischer M.H., Zwaan R.A. Embodied language: a review of the role of the motor system in language comprehension. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (Colchester) 2008, 61(6):825-850. 790180700. 10.1080/17470210701623605.
38. Ford A.A., Triplett W., Sudhyadhom A., Gullett J., McGregor K., Fitzgerald D.B., et al. Broca's area and its striatal and thalamic connections: a diffusion-MRI tractography study. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 2013, 7:8. 10.3389/fnana.2013.00008.
39. Friederici A.D., Kotz S.A., Werheid K., Hein G., von Cramon D.Y. Syntactic comprehension in Parkinson's disease: investigating early automatic and late integrational processes using event-related brain potentials. Neuropsychology 2003, 17(1):133-142.
40. Gallese V., Lakoff G. The Brain's concepts: the role of the Sensory-motor system in conceptual knowledge. Cognitive Neuropsychology 2005, 22(3):455-479. 714592738. 10.1080/02643290442000310.
41. García A., Ibáñez A. Words in motion: motor-language coupling in Parkinson's disease. Translational Neuroscience 2014, 5(2):152-159. 10.2478/s13380-014-0218-6.
42. Gernsbacher M.A., Faust M.E. The mechanism of suppression: a component of general comprehension skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 1991, 17(2):245-262.
43. Gill D.J., Freshman A., Blender J.A., Ravina B. The Montreal cognitive assessment as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 2008, 23(7):1043-1046. 10.1002/mds.22017.
44. Gleichgerrcht E., Roca M., Manes F., Torralva T. Comparing the clinical usefulness of the Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) Frontal Screening (IFS) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) in frontotemporal dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2011, 33(9):997-1004. 10.1080/13803395.2011.589375.
45. Goldman J.G., Weis H., Stebbins G., Bernard B., Goetz C.G. Clinical differences among mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 2012, 27(9):1129-1136. 10.1002/mds.25062.
46. Gonzalez J., Barros-Loscertales A., Pulvermuller F., Meseguer V., Sanjuan A., Belloch V., et al. Reading cinnamon activates olfactory brain regions. NeuroImage 2006, 32(2):906-912. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.03.037.
47. Goodglass H., Kaplan E., Barresi B. The assessment of aphasia and related disorders 2001, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 3rd ed.
48. Green J., McDonald W.M., Vitek J.L., Evatt M., Freeman A., Haber M., et al. Cognitive impairments in advanced PD without dementia. Neurology 2002, 59(9):1320-1324.
49. Grossman M. Sentence processing in Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 1999, 40(2):387-413. 10.1006/brcg.1999.1087.
50. Grossman M., Carvell S., Stern M.B., Gollomp S., Hurtig H.I. Sentence comprehension in Parkinson's disease: the role of attention and memory. Brain Lang 1992, 42(4):347-384.
51. Grossman M., Cooke A., DeVita C., Lee C., Alsop D., Detre J., et al. Grammatical and resource components of sentence processing in Parkinson's disease: an fMRI study. Neurology 2003, 60(5):775-781.
52. Grossman M., Lee C., Morris J., Stern M.B., Hurtig H.I. Assessing resource demands during sentence processing in Parkinson's disease. Brain Lang 2002, 80(3):603-616. 10.1006/brln.2001.2630.
53. Grossman M., Zurif E., Lee C., Prather P., Kalmanson J., Stern M.B., et al. Information processing speed and sentence comprehension in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology 2002, 16(2):174-181.
54. Haber S.N., Calzavara R. The cortico-basal ganglia integrative network: the role of the thalamus. Brain Research Bulletin 2009, 78(2-3):69-74. 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.09.013.
55. Helmich R.C., Hallett M., Deuschl G., Toni I., Bloem B.R. Cerebral causes and consequences of parkinsonian resting tremor: a tale of two circuits?. Brain 2012, 135(Pt 11):3206-3226. 10.1093/brain/aws023.
56. Hely M.A., Reid W.G., Adena M.A., Halliday G.M., Morris J.G. The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Movement Disorders 2008, 23(6):837-844. 10.1002/mds.21956.
57. Herrera E., Cuetos F. Action naming in Parkinson's disease patients on/off dopamine. Neuroscience Letters 2012, 513(2):219-222. 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.045.
58. Hobson P., Meara J. Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and its progression onto dementia: a 16-year outcome evaluation of the Denbighshire cohort. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2015, 10.1002/gps.4261.
59. Hochstadt J., Nakano H., Lieberman P., Friedman J. The roles of sequencing and verbal working memory in sentence comprehension deficits in Parkinson's disease. Brain Lang 2006, 97(3):243-257. 10.1016/j.bandl.2005.10.011.
60. Hodges J.R., Bak T.H. Noun-verb dissociation in three patients with motor neuron disease and aphasia. Brain Lang 1997, 60(1):38-41.
61. Hoehn M.M., Yahr M.D. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 1967, 17(5):427-442.
62. Hoops S., Nazem S., Siderowf A.D., Duda J.E., Xie S.X., Stern M.B., et al. Validity of the MoCA and MMSE in the detection of MCI and dementia in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2009, 73(21):1738-1745. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c34b47.
63. Howard D., Patterson K., Wise R., Brown W.D., Friston K., Weiller C., et al. The cortical localization of the lexicons. Positron emission tomography evidence. Brain 1992, 115(Pt 6):1769-1782.
64. Hughes A.J., Daniel S.E., Kilford L., Lees A.J. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1992, 55(3):181-184.
65. Ibáñez A., Cardona J.F., Dos Santos Y.V., Blenkmann A., Aravena P., Roca M., et al. Motor-language coupling: direct evidence from early Parkinson's disease and intracranial cortical recordings. Cortex 2013, 49(4):968-984. 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.02.014.
66. James P.J., Krishnan S., Aydelott J. Working memory predicts semantic comprehension in dichotic listening in older adults. Cognition 2014, 133(1):32-42. 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.05.014.
67. Janvin C.C., Aarsland D., Larsen J.P. Cognitive predictors of dementia in Parkinson's disease: a community-based, 4-year longitudinal study. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2005, 18(3):149-154. 10.1177/0891988705277540.
68. Janvin C.C., Larsen J.P., Aarsland D., Hugdahl K. Subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: progression to dementia. Movement Disorders 2006, 21(9):1343-1349. 10.1002/mds.20974.
69. Jefferies E. The neural basis of semantic cognition: converging evidence from neuropsychology, neuroimaging and TMS. Cortex 2013, 49(3):611-625. 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.10.008.
70. Kargieman L., Herrera E., Baez S., Garcia A.M., Dottori M., Gelormini C., et al. Motor-language coupling in Huntington's disease families. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2014, 6:122. 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00122.
71. Kotz S.A., Schwartze M., Schmidt-Kassow M. Non-motor basal ganglia functions: a review and proposal for a model of sensory predictability in auditory language perception. Cortex 2009, 45(8):982-990. 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.02.010.
72. Krieger-Redwood K., Teige C., Davey J., Hymers M., Jefferies E. Conceptual control across modalities: graded specialisation for pictures and words in inferior frontal and posterior temporal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2015, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.030.
73. Lawton M.P., Brody E.M. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969, 9(3):179-186.
74. Lee C., Grossman M., Morris J., Stern M.B., Hurtig H.I. Attentional resource and processing speed limitations during sentence processing in Parkinson's disease. Brain Lang 2003, 85(3):347-356.
75. Leh S.E., Ptito A., Chakravarty M.M., Strafella A.P. Fronto-striatal connections in the human brain: a probabilistic diffusion tractography study. Neuroscience Letters 2007, 419(2):113-118. 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.04.049.
76. Lepron E., Peran P., Cardebat D., Demonet J.F. A PET study of word generation in Huntington's disease: effects of lexical competition and verb/noun category. Brain Lang 2009, 110(2):49-60. 10.1016/j.bandl.2009.05.004.
77. Lieberman P., Friedman J., Feldman L.S. Syntax comprehension deficits in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1990, 178(6):360-365.
78. Lieberman P., Kako E., Friedman J., Tajchman G., Feldman L.S., Jiminez E.B. Speech production, syntax comprehension, and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. Brain Lang 1992, 43(2):169-189.
79. Litvan I., Aarsland D., Adler C.H., Goldman J.G., Kulisevsky J., Mollenhauer B., et al. MDS Task Force on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: critical review of PD-MCI. Movement Disorders 2011, 26(10):1814-1824. 10.1002/mds.23823.
80. Litvan I., Goldman J.G., Tröster A.I., Schmand B.A., Weintraub D., Petersen R.C., et al. Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: movement disorder society task force guidelines. Movement Disorders 2012, 27(3):349-356. 10.1002/mds.24893.
81. Liu W., McIntire K., Kim S.H., Zhang J., Dascalos S., Lyons K.E., et al. Bilateral subthalamic stimulation improves gait initiation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Gait & Posture 2006, 23(4):492-498. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.06.012.
82. Longworth C.E., Keenan S.E., Barker R.A., Marslen-Wilson W.D., Tyler L.K. The basal ganglia and rule-governed language use: evidence from vascular and degenerative conditions. Brain 2005, 128(Pt 3):584-596. 10.1093/brain/awh387.
83. Mahoney F.I., Barthel D.W. FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION: THE BARTHEL INDEX. Maryland State Medical Journal 1965, 14:61-65.
84. Marino B.F., Gallese V., Buccino G., Riggio L. Language sensorimotor specificity modulates the motor system. Cortex 2012, 48(7):849-856. 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.12.003.
85. Marino B.F., Gough P.M., Gallese V., Riggio L., Buccino G. How the motor system handles nouns: a behavioral study. Psychological Research 2013, 77(1):64-73. 10.1007/s00426-011-0371-2.
86. Melloni M., Sedeño L., Hesse E., Garcia-Cordero I., Mikulan E., Plastino A., et al. Cortical dynamics and subcortical signatures of motor language coupling in Parkinson's disease. Scientific Reports 2015, (5, 11899); http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep11899.
87. Moro A., Tettamanti M., Perani D., Donati C., Cappa S.F., Fazio F. Syntax and the brain: disentangling grammar by selective anomalies. NeuroImage 2001, 13(1):110-118. 10.1006/nimg.2000.0668.
88. Moser D.C., Fridriksson J., Healy E.W. Sentence comprehension and general working memory. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 2007, 21(2):147-156. 10.1080/02699200600782526.
89. Murray L.L. Spoken language production in Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 2000, 43(6):1350-1366.
90. Muslimovic D., Post B., Speelman J.D., Schmand B. Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Neurology 2005, 65(8):1239-1245. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000180516.69442.95.
91. Nasreddine Z.S., Phillips N.A., Bedirian V., Charbonneau S., Whitehead V., Collin I., et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005, 53(4):695-699. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.
92. Nazem S., Siderowf A.D., Duda J.E., Have T.T., Colcher A., Horn S.S., et al. Montreal cognitive assessment performance in patients with Parkinson's disease with "normal" global cognition according to mini-mental state examination score. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2009, 57(2):304-308. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02096.x.
93. Neary D., Snowden J.S., Mann D.M. Cognitive change in motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS). Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2000, 180(1-2):15-20.
94. Noe E., Marder K., Bell K.L., Jacobs D.M., Manly J.J., Stern Y. Comparison of dementia with Lewy bodies to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with dementia. Movement Disorders 2004, 19(1):60-67. 10.1002/mds.10633.
95. Park K.W., Kim H.S., Cheon S.M., Cha J.K., Kim S.H., Kim J.W. Dementia with Lewy bodies versus Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia: a comparison of cognitive profiles. Journal of Clinical Neurology 2011, 7(1):19-24. 10.3988/jcn.2011.7.1.19.
96. Péran P., Cardebat D., Cherubini A., Piras F., Luccichenti G., Peppe A., et al. Object naming and action-verb generation in Parkinson's disease: a fMRI study. Cortex 2009, 45(8):960-971. 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.02.019.
97. Peran P., Rascol O., Demonet J.F., Celsis P., Nespoulous J.L., Dubois B., et al. Deficit of verb generation in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 2003, 18(2):150-156. 10.1002/mds.10306.
98. Pérez A.I., Paolieri D., Macizo P., Bajo T. The role of working memory in inferential sentence comprehension. Cognitive Processing 2014, 15(3):405-413. 10.1007/s10339-014-0611-7.
99. Petersen R.C. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Journal of Internal Medicine 2004, 256(3):183-194. 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x.
100. Petersen R.C. Clinical practice. Mild cognitive impairment. New England Journal of Medicine 2011, 364(23):2227-2234. 10.1056/NEJMcp0910237.
101. Pfeiffer H.C., Løkkegaard A., Zoetmulder M., Friberg L., Werdelin L. Cognitive impairment in early-stage non-demented Parkinson's disease patients. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2014, 129(5):307-318. 10.1111/ane.12189.
102. Reid W.G., Hely M.A., Morris J.G., Loy C., Halliday G.M. Dementia in Parkinson's disease: a 20-year neuropsychological study (Sydney Multicentre Study). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2011, 82(9):1033-1037. 10.1136/jnnp.2010.232678.
103. Roca M., Torralva T., Gleichgerrcht E., Woolgar A., Thompson R., Duncan J., et al. The role of Area 10 (BA10) in human multitasking and in social cognition: a lesion study. Neuropsychologia 2011, 49(13):3525-3531.
104. Rodriguez-Ferreiro J., Menendez M., Ribacoba R., Cuetos F. Action naming is impaired in Parkinson disease patients. Neuropsychologia 2009, 47(14):3271-3274. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.007.
105. Rodriguez-Oroz M.C., Jahanshahi M., Krack P., Litvan I., Macias R., Bezard E., et al. Initial clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease: features and pathophysiological mechanisms. Lancet Neurology 2009, 8(12):1128-1139. 10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70293-5.
106. Rosin R., Topka H., Dichgans J. Gait initiation in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 1997, 12(5):682-690. 10.1002/mds.870120509.
107. Saldert C., Fors A., Stroberg S., Hartelius L. Comprehension of complex discourse in different stages of Huntington's disease. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 2010, 45(6):656-669. 10.3109/13682820903494742.
108. Silveri M.C., Ciccarelli N. The deficit for the word-class "verb" in corticobasal degeneration: linguistic expression of the movement disorder?. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45(11):2570-2579. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.03.014.
109. Silveri M.C., Ciccarelli N., Baldonero E., Piano C., Zinno M., Soleti F., et al. Effects of stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on naming and reading nouns and verbs in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2012, 50(8):1980-1989. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.023.
110. Simmons W.K., Ramjee V., Beauchamp M.S., McRae K., Martin A., Barsalou L.W. A common neural substrate for perceiving and knowing about color. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45(12):2802-2810. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.002.
111. Tanner C.M., Goldman S.M. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. Neurologic Clinics 1996, 14(2):317-335.
112. Teichmann M., Dupoux E., Cesaro P., Bachoud-Levi A.C. The role of the striatum in sentence processing: evidence from a priming study in early stages of Huntington's disease. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46(1):174-185. pii: S0028-3932(07)00274-6. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.022.
113. Teichmann M., Dupoux E., Kouider S., Brugieres P., Boisse M.F., Baudic S., et al. The role of the striatum in rule application: the model of Huntington's disease at early stage. Brain 2005, 128(Pt 5):1155-1167. awh472. 10.1093/brain/awh472.
114. Torralva T., Roca M., Gleichgerrcht E., Bekinschtein T., Manes F. A neuropsychological battery to detect specific executive and social cognitive impairments in early frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2009, 132(Pt 5):1299-1309.
115. Torralva T., Roca M., Gleichgerrcht E., Lopez P., Manes F. INECO Frontal Screening (IFS): a brief, sensitive, and specific tool to assess executive functions in dementia. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2009, 15(5):777-786. 10.1017/s1355617709990415.
116. Ullman M. The declarative/procedural model of lexicon and grammar. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 2001, 30(1):37-69.
117. Ullman M.T. Contributions of memory circuits to language: the declarative/procedural model. Cognition 2004, 92(1-2):231-270. 10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.008.
118. Ullman M. The role of memory systems in disorders of language. Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language 2008, 189-198. Elsevier, London. B. Stemmer, H. Whitaker (Eds.).
119. Vigliocco G., Vinson D.P., Druks J., Barber H., Cappa S.F. Nouns and verbs in the brain: a review of behavioural, electrophysiological, neuropsychological and imaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2011, 35(3):407-426. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.007.
120. Wechsler D. Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence 1999, Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX.
121. Wheatley T., Weisberg J., Beauchamp M.S., Martin A. Automatic priming of semantically related words reduces activity in the fusiform gyrus. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2005, 17(12):1871-1885. 10.1162/089892905775008689.
122. Whitney C., Kirk M., O'Sullivan J., Lambon Ralph M.A., Jefferies E. Executive semantic processing is underpinned by a large-scale neural network: revealing the contribution of left prefrontal, posterior temporal, and parietal cortex to controlled retrieval and selection using TMS. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2012, 24(1):133-147. 10.1162/jocn_a_00123.
123. Williams-Gray C.H., Mason S.L., Evans J.R., Foltynie T., Brayne C., Robbins T.W., et al. The CamPaIGN study of Parkinson's disease: 10-year outlook in an incident population-based cohort. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2013, 84(11):1258-1264. 10.1136/jnnp-2013-305277.
124. Yu R.L., Wu R.M., Tai C.H., Lin C.H., Cheng T.W., Hua M.S. Neuropsychological profile in patients with early stage of Parkinson's disease in Taiwan. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 2012, 18(10):1067-1072. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.06.002.
125. Zadikoff C., Fox S.H., Tang-Wai D.F., Thomsen T., de Bie R.M., Wadia P., et al. A comparison of the mini mental state exam to the Montreal cognitive assessment in identifying cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 2008, 23(2):297-299. 10.1002/mds.21837.
126. Zanini S., Tavano A., Vorano L., Schiavo F., Gigli G.L., Aglioti S.M., et al. Greater syntactic impairments in native language in bilingual Parkinsonian patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2004, 75(12):1678-1681. 10.1136/jnnp.2003.018507.