Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease

Neurologic Clinics

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 317-335

  Tanner, C M ^a   Goldman, S M ^a  

^a PARKINSON S INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,2,3,6 TETRAHYDRO 1 METHYL 4 PHENYLPYRIDINE; DOPA; FLUORINE 18; LEVODOPA;

CASE CONTROL STUDY; CLINICAL FEATURE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MORTALITY; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PARKINSON DISEASE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0029937494     PISSN: 07338619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70259-0     Document Type: Article

References (161)

1. J. Acosta E. Calderon J.A. Obeso Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor in a village of south Spain [abstract] Neurology 39 suppl 1 1989 181
2. J.A. Agundez F.J. Jimenez-Jimenez A. Luengo Association between the oxidative polymorphism and early onset of Parkinson's disease Clin Pharmacol Ther 57 1995 291 298
3. S.S. Ansher J.L. Cadet W.B. Jakoby Role of N-methyltransferases in the neurotoxicity associated with the metabolites of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and other 4-substituted pyridines present in the environment Biochem Pharmacol 35 1986 3359 3363
4. S.M. Aquilonius P. Hartvig A Swedish county with unexpectedly high utilization of anti-parkinsonian drugs Acta Neurol Scand 74 1986 379 382
5. M. Armstrong A.K. Daly S. Chalerton Mutant debrisoquine hydroxylation genes in Parkinson's disease Lancet 339 1992 1017 1018
6. P.P. Ashok K. Radhakrishan R. Sridharan Parkinsonism in Benghazi, East Libya Clin Neurol Neurosurg 88 1986 109 113
7. A. Barbeau E. Pourcher New data on the genetics of Parkinson's disease Can J Neurol Sci 9 1982 53 60
8. A. Barbeau M. Roy Uneven prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the province of Quebec Can J Neurol Sci 12 1985 169
9. R.J. Baumann H.D. Jameson H.E. McKean Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease: I. A comparison of cases with matched neighbors Neurology 30 1980 839 843
10. B.L. Beaman Nocardia as a pathogen of the brain: Mechanisms of interactions in the murine brain—a review Gene 115 1992 213 217
11. E.J. Betemps C.R. Buncher Birthplace as a risk factor in motor neurone disease and Parkinson's disease Int J Epidemiol 22 1993 898 904
12. N.E. Bharucha E.P. Bharucha A.E. Bharucha Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the Parsi community of Bombay, India Arch Neurol 45 1988 1321 1323
13. N.E. Bharucha L. Stokes B.S. Schoenberg A case-control study of twin pairs discordant for Parkinson's disease: A search for environmental risk factors Neurology 36 1986 284 288
14. M.M. Breteler C. Tzourio J.M. Manubens-Bertran Risk factors for Parkinson's disease: A population-based case-control study Neurology 45 suppl 4 1995 A214
15. M. Brewis D.C. Poskanzer C. Rolland Neurological disease in an English city Acta Neurol Scand 42 suppl 24 1966 9 89
16. P.R.J. Burch Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease Neurology 31 1981 500 503
17. C.R. Burkhardt H.K. Weber Parkinson's disease: A chronic, low-grade antioxidant deficiency? Med Hypotheses 43 1994 111 114
18. D.J. Burn M.H. Mark E.D. Playford Parkinson's disease in twins studied with 18F-dopa and positron emission tomography Neurology 42 1992 1894 1900
19. G. Campanella A. Filla De Michele G. Etiology of Parkinson's disease: Results of two case-control studies Mov Disord 5 suppl 1 1990 31
20. T.H. Caradoc-Davies M. Weatherall G.S. Dixon Is the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in New Zealand really changing? Acta Neurol Scand 86 1992 40 44
21. V. Chandra E. Kokmen B. Schoenberg Head trauma with loss of consciousness as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease Neurology 39 1989 1576 1578
22. J.M. Charcot Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System, trans-ed Sigerson G vol 1 1878 The New Sydenham Society London
23. L.G. Chia L.H. Liu Parkinson's disease in Taiwan: An analysis of 215 patients Neuroepidemiology 11 1992 113 120
24. A. Chio C. Magnani G. Tolardo Parkinson's disease mortality in Italy, 1951 through 1987 Arch Neurol 50 1993 149 153
25. A. Chio C. Mocellini R. Soffietti Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in a district on northern Italy: Comparison between tracer and traditional methodologies Neurology 45 suppl 4 1995 A327
26. C.E. Clarke Mortality from Parkinson's disease in England and Wales 1921–89 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 56 1993 690 693
27. C.E. Cross B. Halliwell E.T. Borish Oxygen radicals and human disease Ann Intern Med 107 1987 526 545
28. R. D'Alessandro G. Gamberini E. Granieri Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the republic of San Marino Neurology 37 1987 1679 1682
29. Z. Davanipour A.D. Will Residential histories in Parkinson's disease patients Ann Neurol 28 1990 295
30. D.T. Dexter D.J. Brooks A.E. Harding Nigrostriatal function in vitamin E deficiency: Clinical, experimental, and positron emission tomographic studies Ann Neurol 35 1994 298 303
31. D.T. Dexter R.J. Ward F.R. Wells Alpha-tocopherol levels in brain are not altered in Parkinson's disease Ann Neurol 32 1992 591 593
32. E. Dulaney M. Stern H. Hurtig The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: A case-control study of young-onset versus old-onset patients Mov Disord 5 suppl 1990 12
33. R.C. Duvoisin The genetics of Parkinson's disease Adv Neurol 60 1993 306 315
34. A.J. Dwork C. Balmaceda E.A. Fazzini Dominantly inherited, early-onset parkinsonism: Neuropathology of a new form Neurology 43 1993 69 74
35. K.P. Ebmeier W.J. Mutch S.A. Calder Does idiopathic parkinsonism in Aberdeen follow intrauterine influenza? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52 1989 911 913
36. T.S. Elizan J. Casals The viral hypothesis in Parkinson's disease in Alzheimer's disease: A critique E. Kurstak S.J. Lipowski Morozov P.V. Viruses, Immunity and Mental Disorders 1987 Plenum Press New York 47 59
37. J.H. Ellenberg Differential postmorbidity mortality in observational studies of risk factors for neurologic disorders Neuroepidemiology 13 1994 187 194
38. S.A. Factor W.J. Weiner Prior history of head trauma in Parkinson's disease Mov Disord 6 1991 225 229
39. S. Fahn A pilot trial of high-dose alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate in early Parkinson's disease Ann Neurol 32 suppl 1992 S128 S132
40. S. Fahn G. Cohen The oxidant stress hypothesis in Parkinson's disease: Evidence supporting it Ann Neurol 32 1992 804 812
41. E. Fazzini J. Fleming S. Fahn Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to coronaviruses in patients with Parkinson's disease Neurology 40 suppl 1990 169
42. P. Fernandez-Calle J.A. Molina F.J. Jimenez-Jimenez Serum levels of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in Parkinson's disease Neurology 42 1992 1064 1066
43. F.B. Gibberd J.P. Simmons Neurological disease in ex-Far-East prisoners of war Lancet ii 1980 135 138
44. R.B. Godwin-Austin P.N. Lee M.G. Marmot Smoking and Parkinson's disease J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45 1982 577 581
45. C.G. Goetz Motor vehicle accident and Parkinson's disease disability Mov Disord 5 suppl 1990 16
46. C.G. Goetz Neurotoxins in Clinical Practice 1985 SP Medical and Scientific Books New York xix
47. C.G. Goetz G.T. Stebbins Effects of head trauma from motor vehicle accidents on Parkinson's disease Ann Neurol 29 1991 191 193
48. L.I. Golbe R.A. Cody R.C. Duvoisin Smoking and Parkinson's disease: Search for a dose-response relationship Arch Neurol 43 1986 774 778
49. L.I. Golbe T.M. Farrell P.H. Davis Case-control study of early life dietary factors in Parkinson's disease Arch Neurol 45 1988 350 353
50. L.I. Golbe T.M. Farrell P.H. Davis Follow-up study of early life protective and risk factors in Parkinson's disease Mov Disord 5 1990 66 70
51. L.I. Golbe Di Torio G. V. Bonavita A large kindred with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease Ann Neurol 27 1990 276 282
52. W.R. Gowers Diseases of the Nervous System, American ed 1888 P. Blakiston, Son & Co Philadelphia
53. A. Grandinetti D.M. Morens D. Reed Prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease Am J Epidemiol 139 1994 1129 1138
54. E. Granieri M. Carreras I. Casetta Parkinson's disease in Ferrara, Italy, 1967 through 1987 Arch Neurol 48 1991 854 857
55. K.R. Gudmundsson A clinical survey of parkinsonism in Iceland Acta Neurol Scand 33 1967 9 61
56. D.G. Haack R.J. Baumann H.E. McKean Nicotine exposure and Parkinson's disease Am J Epidemiol 114 1981 119 200
57. H. Harada S. Nishikawa K. Takahashi Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in a Japanese city Arch Neurol 40 1983 151 154
58. C. Hertzman M. Wiens D. Bowering Parkinson's disease: A case-control study of occupational and environmental risk factors Am J Ind Med 17 1990 349 355
59. C. Hertzman M. Wiens B. Snow A case-control study of Parkinson's disease in a horticultural region of British Columbia Mov Disord 9 1994 69 75
60. S.C. Ho J. Woo C.M. Lee Epidemiologic study of Parkinson's disease in Hong Kong Neurology 39 1989 1314 1318
61. G.S. Hotamisligil A.S. Girmen J.S. Fink Hereditary variations in monoamine oxidase as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease Mov Disord 9 1994 305 310
62. J. Hubble J. Kjelstrom B. Beamann Nocardia serology in Parkinson's disease Mov Disord 7 1992 292
63. J.P. Hubble T. Cao R.E. Hassanein Risk factors for Parkinson's disease Neurology 43 1993 1693 1697
64. Y. Imaizumi R. Kaneko Rising mortality from Parkinson's disease in Japan, 1950–1992 Acta Neurol Scand 91 1995 169 176
65. A.M. Janson A. Moller Chronic nicotine treatment counteracts nigral cell loss induced by a partial mesodiencephalic hemitransection: An analysis of the total number and mean volume of neurons and glia in substantia nigra of the male rat Neuroscience 57 1993 931 941
66. A.M. Janson K. Fuxe M. Goldstein Differential effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on MPTP-(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induced degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the black mouse Clin Investig 70 1992 232 238
67. A.C. Jenkins Epidemiology of parkinsonism in Victoria Med J Aust 2 1966 497 502
68. F.J. Jimenez-Jimenez D. Mateo S. Gimenez-Roldan Premorbid smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee drinking habits in Parkinson's disease: A case-control study Mov Disord 7 1992 339 344
69. F.J. Jimenez-Jimenez D.M. Gonzales S. Gimenez-Roldan Exposure to well water drinking and pesticides in Parkinson's disease. A case-control study from the southeast area of Madrid Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Parkinson's Disease 1988 World Congress of Neurology 118
70. H.A. Kahn The Dorn Study of smoking among US veterans National Cancer Institute, Epidemiologic Approaches to the Study of Cancer and Other Diseases 1966 US Government Printing Office Washington, DC 1 125 Monograph 19
71. I.I. Kessler Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. II. A hospital-based survey Am J Epidemiol 95 1972 308 318
72. I.I. Kessler Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. III. A community-based survey Am J Epidemiol 96 1972 242 254
73. I.I. Kessler E.L. Diamond Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. I. Smoking and Parkinson's disease: A survey and explanatory hypothesis Am J Epidemiol 94 1971 16 25
74. S. Kohbata B.L. Beaman L-dopa-responsive movement disorder caused by Nocardia asteroides localized in the brains of mice Infect Immun 59 1991 181 191
75. S. Kohbata K. Shimokawa Circulating antibody to Nocardia in the serum of patients with Parkinson's disease Adv Neurol 60 1993 355 357
76. W. Koller B. Vetere-Overfield C. Gray Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease Neurology 40 1990 1218 1221
77. W.C. Koller Classification of Parkinsonism Koller W.C. Handbook of Parkinson's Disease 1987 Marcel Dekker New York 51 80
78. I. Kondo I. Kanazawa Debrisoquine hydroxylase and Parkinson's disease Adv Neurol 60 1993 338 342
79. K. Kondo L. Kurland W. Schull Parkinson's disease: Genetic analysis and evidence of a multifactorial etiology Mayo Clin Proc 48 1973 465 475
80. L.T. Kurland Epidemiology: Incidence, geographic distribution and genetic considerations Field W. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Parkinsonism 1958 Charles C. Thomas Springfield, IL 5 43
81. J.H. Kurth J.P. Hubble E.A. Eggers Lack of association of CYP2D6 and MAO-B alleles with Parkinson's disease in a Kansas cohort Neurology 45 suppl 4 1995 A429
82. J.H. Kurth M.C. Kurth S.E. Poduslo Association of a monoamine oxidase B allele with Parkinson's disease Ann Neurol 33 1993 368 372
83. J.F. Kurtzke F.M. Murphy The changing patterns of death rates in parkinsonism Neurology 40 1990 42 49
84. J.F. Kurtzke I.D. Goldberg Parkinsonism death rates by race, sex, and geography Neurology 38 1988 1558 1561
85. J.W. Langston P.A. Ballard J.W. Tetrud Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis Science 219 1983 979 980
86. P.A. LeWitt Clinical trials of neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease: Long-term selegiline and alpha-tocopherol treatment J Neural Transm Suppl 43 1994 171 181
87. S.C. Li B.S. Schoenberg C.C. Wang A prevalence survey of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders in the People's Republic of China Arch Neurol 42 1985 655 657
88. D.E. Lilienfeld D.P. Perl Projected neurodegenerative disease mortality in the United States, 1990–2040 Neuroepidemiology 12 1993 219 228
89. D.E. Lilienfeld E. Chan J. Ehland Two decades of increasing mortality from Parkinson's disease among the US elderly Arch Neurol 47 1990 731 734
90. G. Logroscino K. Marder L. Cote A case-control study of diet and Parkinson's disease (PD): Calories, lipids and antioxidants Neurology 45 suppl 4 1995 A328
91. D.M. Maraganore A.E. Harding C.D. Marsden A clinical and genetic study of familial Parkinson's disease Mov Disord 6 1991 205 211
92. C.D. Marsden Twins and Parkinson's disease J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 50 1987 105 106
93. W.E. Martin W.I. Young V.E. Anderson Parkinson's disease: A genetic study Brain 96 1973 495 506
94. R.J. Marttila U.K. Rinne Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in Finland Acta Neurol Scand 53 1976 81 102
95. R.J. Marttila P. Halonen U.K. Rinne Influenza virus antibodies in parkinsonism Arch Neurol 34 1977 99 100
96. R.J. Marttila J. Kaprio M. Koshewvuo Parkinson's disease in a nationwide twin cohort Neurology 38 1988 1217 1219
97. C. Mattock M. Marmot G. Stern Could Parkinson's disease follow intrauterine influenza?: A speculative hypothesis J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51 1988 753 756
98. R. Mayeux J. Denaro N. Hemenegildo A population-based investigation of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia Arch Neurol 49 1992 492 497
99. R. Mayeux M.X. Tang K. Marder Smoking and Parkinson's disease Mov Disord 9 1994 207 212
100. T. Mizutani T. Inose S. Kakimi Familial parkinsonism and dementia with ballooned neurons J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 50 1991 309
101. H. Mjones Paralysis agitans: A clinical and genetic study Acta Psychiatry and Neurology 54 suppl 1949 1 194
102. A. Morano F.J. Jimenez-Jimenez J.A. Molina Risk factors for Parkinson's disease: Case-control study in the province of Caceres, Spain Acta Neurol Scand 89 1994 164 170
103. L. Morgante W.A. Rocca Di Rosa A.E. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and other types of parkinsonism: A door-to-door survey in three Sicilian municipalities Neurology 42 1992 1901 1907
104. W.J. Mutch I. Dingwall-Fordyce A.W. Downie Parkinson's disease in a Scottish city BMJ 292 1986 534 536
105. M.D. Nefzinger F.A. Quadfasel V.C. Karl A retrospective study of smoking and Parkinson's disease Am J Epidemiol 88 1968 149 158
106. +, a metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP Life Sci 36 1985 2503 2508
107. K. Okada S. Kobayashi T. Tsunematsu Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Izumo City, Japan Gerontology 36 1990 340 344
108. B.O. Osuntokun The pattern of neurological illness in tropical Africa: Experience at Ibadan, Nigeria J Neurol Sci 12 1971 417 442
109. R.M. Paddison R.P. Griffith Occurrence of Parkinson's disease in black patients at Charity Hospital in New Orleans Neurology 24 1974 688 690
110. J. Parkinson An Essay on the Shaking Palsy 1817 Neely and Jones London, Sherwood
111. G.W. Paulson N. Dadmehr Is there a premorbid personality typical for Parkinson's disease? Neurology 41 suppl 2 1991 73 76
112. H. Payami K. Larsen S. Bernard Increased risk of Parkinson's disease in parents and siblings of patients Ann Neurol 36 1994 659 661
113. P. Piccini D. Burn G. Sawle Dopaminergic function in relatives of Parkinson's disease patients: A clinical and PET study Neurology 45 suppl 4 1995 A203
114. D.C. Poskanzer R.S. Schwab D.W. Fraser Further observations on the cohort phenomenon in Parkinson's syndrome A. Barbeau Brunette J.R. Progress in Neurogenetics 1969 Excerpta Medica Amsterdam 497 505
115. C. Prasad H. Ikegami I. Shimizu Chronic nicotine intake decelerates aging of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons Life Sci 54 1994 1169 1184
116. A.H. Rajput K.P. Offord C.M. Beard A case-control study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson's disease Neurology 37 1987 226 232
117. A.H. Rajput K.P. Offord M.C. Beard Epidemiology of parkinsonism: Incidence, classification and mortality Ann Neurol 16 1984 278 282
118. A.H. Rajput R.J. Uitti W. Stern Early onset of Parkinson's disease in Saskatchewan: Environmental considerations for etiology Can J Neurol Sci 13 1986 312 316
119. + by brain mitochondria mediates the neurotoxicity of MPTP Life Sci 39 1986 581 588
120. J.E. Riggs Cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease: The illusion of a neuroprotective effect Clin Neuropharmacol 15 1992 88 99
121. J.E. Riggs The nonenvironmental basis for rising mortality from Parkinson's disease Arch Neurol 50 1993 653 656
122. J.E. Riggs S.S. Schochet Rising mortality due to Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A manifestation of the competitive nature of human mortality J Clin Epidemiol 45 1992 1007 1012
123. W.A. Rocca M. Morgante F. Grigoletto Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonisms: A door-to-door survey in two Sicilian communities Neurology 40 suppl 1990 422
124. G. Rosati E. Granieri L. Pinna The risk of Parkinson disease in Mediterranean people Neurology 30 1980 250 255
125. E.P. Roy J.E. Riggs J.D. Martin Familial parkinsonism, apathy, weight loss, and central hypoventilation: Successful long-term management Neurology 38 1988 637 639
126. B.A. Rybicki C.C. Johnson J. Uman Parkinson's disease mortality and the industrial use of heavy metals in Michigan Mov Disord 8 1993 87 92
127. J.J. Schlesselman Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis 1982 Oxford University Press New York
128. B.S. Schoenberg Descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: Disease distribution and hypothesis formulation Adv Neurol 45 1987 277 283
129. B.S. Schoenberg D.W. Anderson A.F. Haerer Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the biracial population of Copiah County, Mississippi Neurology 35 1985 841 845
130. B.S. Schoenberg B.O. Osuntokun A.O.G. Adeuja Comparison of the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in black populations in the rural US and in rural Nigeria: Door-to-door community studies Neurology 38 1988 645 646
131. K.M. Semchuk E.J. Love R.G. Lee Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals Neurology 42 1992 1328 1335
132. C.A. Smith A.C. Gough P.N. Leigh Debrisoquine hydroxylase gene polymorphism and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease Lancet 339 1992 1375 1377
133. A.M. Snyder E.M. Stricker M.J. Zigmond Stress-induced neurological impairments in an animal model of parkinsonism Ann Neurol 18 1985 554 551
134. M.B. Spina G. Cohen Dopamine turnover and glutathione oxidation: Implications for Parkinson's disease Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86 1989 1398 1400
135. M. Stern E. Dulaney S.B. Gruber The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease Arch Neurol 48 1991 903 907
136. R.L.G. Sutcliffe R. Prior B. Mawby Parkinson's disease in the district of the Northampton Health Authority, United Kingdom Acta Neurol Scand 72 1985 363 379
137. L.W. Svenson G.H. Platt S.E. Woodhead Geographic variations in the prevalence rates of Parkinson's disease in Alberta Can J Neurol Sci 20 1993 307 311
138. C.M. Tanner P. Grabler C.G. Goetz Occupation and the risk of Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in young onset patients Neurology 40 suppl 1990 422
139. C.M. Tanner B. Chen J.A. Cohen Dietary antioxidant vitamins and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease Neurology 39 suppl 1989 181
140. C.M. Tanner B. Chen W. Wang Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in China Neurology 39 1989 660 664
141. C.M. Tanner B. Chen W. Wang Environmental factors in the etiology of Parkinson's disease Can J Neurol Sci 14 1987 419 423
142. C.M. Tanner J.C. Cohen B.C. Summerville Vitamin use and Parkinson's disease Ann Neurol 233 1988 182
143. C.M. Tanner W.C. Koller D.C. Gilley Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and Parkinson's disease: Cross-cultural risk assessment Mov Disord 5 suppl 1990 11
144. K.F. Tipton J.M. McCrodden J.P. Sullivan Metabolic aspects of the behavior of MPTP and some analogues Adv Neurol 60 1993 186 193
145. F. Tison J.F. Dartigues L. Dubes Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the elderly: A population study in Gironde, France Acta Neurol Scand 90 1994 111 115
146. T.A. Treves J.M. Rabey A.D. Korczyn Case-control study, with use of temporal approach, for evaluation of risk factors for Parkinson's disease Mov Disord 5 suppl 1990 11
147. Y. Tsuneoka Y. Matsuo K. Iwahashi A novel cytochrome P-450IID6 mutant gene associated with Parkinson's disease J Biochem (Tokyo) 114 1993 263 266
148. R.J. Uitti A.H. Rajput K.P. Offord Parkinsonism survival in the Levodopa era Neurology 41 suppl 1991 190
149. R.J. Uitti J.E. Ahlskog D.M. Maraganore Levodopa therapy and survival in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Olmsted County project Neurology 43 1993 1918 1926
150. N. Vanacore V. Bonifati A. Bellatreccia Mortality rates for Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in Italy (1969–1987) Neuroepidemiology 11 1992 65 73
151. P. Vieregge K.A. Schiffke H.J. Friedrich Parkinson's disease in twins Neurology 42 1992 1453 1461
152. P. Vierregge A. Schiffke D. Kompf Parkinson's disease in twins Neurology 41 suppl 1991 255
153. S.J. Wang J.L. Fuh C.Y. Liu Parkinson's disease in Kin-Hu, Kinmen: A community survey by neurologists Neuroepidemiology 13 1994 69 74
154. W. Wang X. Fang X. Cheng A case-control study on the environmental risk factors of Parkinson's disease in Tianjin, China Neuroepidemiology 12 1993 209 218
155. C.D. Ward R.C. Duvoisin S.E. Ince Parkinson's disease in 65 pairs of twins and in a set of quadruplets Neurology 33 1983 815 824
156. C.H. Waters C.A. Miller Autosomal dominant lewy body parkinsonism in a four-generation family Ann Neurol 35 1994 59 64
157. D.B. Williams J.F. Annegers E. Kokmen Brain injury and neurologic sequelae Neurology 41 1991 1554 1557
158. G.F. Wong C.S. Gray R.S. Hassanein Environmental risk factors in siblings with Parkinson's disease Arch Neurol 48 1991 287 289
159. J. Zayed S. Ducic G. Campanella Facteurs environnementaux dans l'etiologie de la maladie de Parkinson Can J Neurol Sci 17 1990 286 291
160. Z.X. Zhang G.C. Roman Worldwide occurrence of Parkinson's disease: An updated review Neuroepidemiology 12 1993 195 208
161. T.R. Zimmerman M. Bhatt D.B. Calne Parkinson's disease in monozygotic twins: A followup Neurology 41 suppl 1991 255