The brain's concepts: The role of the sensory-motor system in conceptual knowledge

Cognitive Neuropsychology

Volumn 22, Issue 3-4, 2005, Pages 455-479

  Gallese, Vittorio ^a   Lakoff, George ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PARMA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; COGNITION; HUMAN; LINGUISTICS; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL STIMULATION; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROSCIENCE; NONHUMAN; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; THEORY;

EID: 17744380235     PISSN: 02643294     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02643290442000310     Document Type: Review

References (156)

1. Albritton, D. (1992). The use of metaphor to structure text representations: evidence for metaphor-based schemas. PhD dissertation, Yale University, USA.
2. Bailey, D. (1997). A computational model of embodiment in the acquisition of action verbs. PhD dissertation. Computer Science Division, EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
3. Berlin, B., Breedlove, D., & Raven, P. (1974). Principles of Tzeltal plant classification. New York: Academic Press.
4. Berlin, B., & Kay, P. (1969). Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
5. Boroditsky, L. (1997). Evidence for metaphoric representation: Perspective in space and time. In M. G. Shafto & P. Langley (Eds.), Proceedings of the Nineteeth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
6. Bremmer, F., Schlack, A., Jon Shah, N., Zafiris, O., Kubischik, M., Hoffmann, K. P., Zilles, K., & Fink, G. R. (2001). Polymodal motion processing in posterior parietal and premotor cortex: A human fMRI study strongly implies equivalences between humans and monkeys. Neuron, 29, 287-296.
7. Buccino, G., Binkofski, F., Fink, G. R., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Seitz, R. J., Zilles, K., Rizzolatti, G., & Freund, H.-J. (2001). Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: An fMRI study. European Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 400-404.
8. Carpenter, P. A., & Eisenberg, P. (1978). Mental rotation and the frame of reference in blind and sighted individuals. Perception and Psychophysics, 23, 117-124.
9. Casad, E., & Langacker, R. W. (1985). "Inside" and "outside" in Cora grammar. International Journal of American Linguistics, 51, 247-281.
10. Chao, L. L., & Martin, A. (2000). Representation of manipulable man-made objects in the dorsal stream. Neuroimage, 12, 478-484.
11. Cochin, S., Barthelemy, C., Lejeune, B., Roux, S., & Martineau, J. (1998). Perception of motion and qEEG activity in human adults. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 107, 287-295.
12. Colby, C. L., Duhamel, J.-R., & Goldberg M. E. (1993). Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: anatomic location and visual response properties. Journal of Neurophysiology, 69, 902-914.
13. Decety, J., & Grèzes, J. (1999). Neural mechanisms subserving the perception of human actions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 172-178.
14. Decety, J., Grezes, J., Costes, N., Perani, D., Jeannerod, M., Procyk, E., Grassi, F., & Fazio, F. (1997). Brain activity during observation of actions. Influence of action content and subject's strategy. Brain, 120, 1763-1777.
15. Decety, J., Jeannerod, M., Germain, M., & Pastene, J. (1991). Vegetative response during imagined movement is proportional to mental effort. Behavioral Brain Research, 34, 35-42.
16. Decety, J., Jeannerod, M., Germain, M., & Pastene, J. (1999). Vegetative response during imagined movement is proportional to mental effort. Behavioral and Brain Research, 31, 1-5.
17. Decety. J., Jeannerod, M., & Prablanc, C. (1989). The timing of mentally represented actions. Behavioral Brain Research, 34, 35-42.
18. Decety, J., Sjoholm, H., Ryding, E., Stenberg, G., & Ingvar, D. (1990). The cerebellum participates in cognitive activity: Tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow. Brain Research, 535, 313-317.
19. DeValois, R. L., & DeValois, K. (1975). Neural coding of color. In E. C. Careterette & M. P. Friedman (Eds.), Handbook of perception, Vol. V, Seeing. New York: Academic Press.
20. Duffy, J. R., & Watkins, L. B. (1984). The effect of response choice relatedness on pantomime and verbal recognition ability in aphasic patients. Brain and Language, 21, 291-306.
21. Duhamel, J.-R., Colby, C. L., & Goldberg, M. E. (1998). Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: Congruent visual and somatic response properties. Journal of Neurophysiology, 79, 126-136.
22. Ehrsson, H. H., Fagergren, A., Jonsson, T., Westling, G., Johansson, R. S., & Forssberg H. (2000). Cortical activity in precision- versus power-grip tasks: An fMRI study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 83, 528-536.
23. Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1995). Motor facilitation during action observation: A magnetic stimulation study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 73, 2608-2611.
24. Farah, M. J. (1989). The neural basis of mental imagery. Trends in Neuroscience, 12, 395-399.
25. Farah, M. J. (2000). The neural bases of mental imagery. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
26. Feldman, J. (1982). Dynamic connections in neural networks. Biological Cybernetics, 46, 27-39.
27. Feldman, J., & Narayanan, S. (in press). Embodied meaning in a neural theory of language. Brain and Language.
28. Fillmore, C. (1982). Frame semantics. In Linguistic Society of Korea (Ed.), Linguistics in the morning calm (pp. 111-138). Seoul: Hanshin.
29. Fillmore, C. (1985). Frames and the semantics of understanding. Quaderni di Semantica, 6, 222-253.
30. Fodor, J. (1975). The language of thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
31. Fodor, J. (1983). The modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
32. Fodor, J. (1987). Psychosemantics: The problem of meaning in the philosophy of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
33. Fodor, J. (1998). In critical condition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
34. Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2004). Action as a binding key to multisensory integration. In G. Calvert, C. Spence, & B. E. Stein (Eds.), Handbook of multisensory processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
35. Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Craighero, L., Fadiga, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (2001). Cortical mechanism for the visual guidance of hand grasping movements in the monkey: A reversible inactivation study. Brain, 124, 571-586.
36. Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., di Pellegrino, G., Fadiga, L., Gentilucci, M., Luppino, G., Matelli, M., Pedotti, A., & Rizzolatti, G. (1992). Space coding by premotor cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 89, 686-690.
37. Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Luppino, G., Matelli, M., & Rizzolatti, G. (1996a). Coding of peripersonal space in inferior premotor cortex (area F4). Journal of Neurophysiology, 76, 141-157.
38. Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (1996b). Space coding in inferior premotor cortex (area F4): Facts and speculations. In F. Laquaniti & P. Viviani (Eds.), Neural basis of motor behavior (pp. 99-120). NATO ASI Series. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
39. Fox, P., Pardo, J., Petersen, S., & Raichle, M. (1987). Supplementary motor and premotor responses to actual and imagined hand movements with Positron Emission Tomography. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 13, 1433.
40. Gainotti, G. (2004). A metanalysis of impaired and spared naming for different categories of knowledge in patients with a visuo-verbal disconnection. Neuropsychologia, 42, 299-319.
41. Gallese, V. (1999). From grasping to language: Mirror neurons and the origin of social communication. In S. Hameroff, A. Kazniak, & D. Chalmers (Eds.), Towards a science of consciousness (pp. 165-178). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
42. Gallese, V. (2000a). The acting subject: Towards the neural basis of social cognition. In T. Metzinger (Ed.), Neural correlates of consciousness. Empirical and conceptual questions (pp. 325-333). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
43. Gallese, V. (2000b). The inner sense of action: Agency and motor representations. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7, 23-40.
44. Gallese, V. (2001). The "shared manifold" hypothesis: From mirror neurons to empathy. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8, 33-50.
45. Gallese, V. (2003a). The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: The quest for a common mechanism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 358, 517-528.
46. Gallese, V. (2003b). A neuroscientific grasp of concepts: From control to representation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 358, 1231-1240.
47. Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (1996). Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain, 119, 593-609.
48. Gallese, V., Fogassi, L., Fadiga, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (2002). Action representation and the inferior parietal lobule. In W. Prinz & B. Hommel (Eds.), Attention and performance XIX (pp. 247-266). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
49. Gallese, V., & Goldman, A. (1998). Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 493-501.
50. Gallese, V., Murata, A., Kaseda, M., Niki, N., & Sakata, H. (1994). Deficit of hand preshaping after muscimol injection in monkey parietal cortex. NeuroReport, 5, 1525-1529.
51. Gentilucci, M., Fogassi, L., Luppino, G., Matelli, M., Camarda, R., & Rizzolatti, G. (1988). Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey: I. Somatotopy and the control of proximal movements. Experimental Brain Research, 71, 475-490.
52. Gentilucci, M., Scandolara, C., Pigarev, I. N., & Rizzolatti, G. (1983). Visual responses in the postarcuate cortex (area 6) of the monkey that are independent of eye position. Experimental Brain Research, 50, 464-468.
53. Gentner, D., & Gentner, D. R. (1982). Flowing waters or teeming crowds: Mental models of electricity. In D. Gentner & A. L. Stevens (Eds.), Mental models. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
54. Georgopoulos, A. P., Schwartz, A. B., & Kettner, R. E. (1986). Neuronal population coding of movement direction. Science, 233, 1416-1419.
55. Gibbs, R. (1994). The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
56. Glenberg, A. M., & Kaschak, M. P. (2002). Grounding language in action. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 9, 558-565.
57. Grady, J. (1997). Foundations of meaning: Primary metaphors and primary scenes. PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, USA.
58. Grafton, S. T., Arbib, M. A., Fadiga, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (1996). Localization of grasp representations in humans by PET: 2. Observation compared with imagination. Experimental Brain Research, 112, 103-111.
59. Grafton, S. T., Fadiga, L., Arbib, M. A., & Rizzolatti, G. (1997). Premotor cortex activation during observation and naming of familiar tools. Neuroimage, 6, 231-236.
60. Graziano, M. S. A., & Gross, C. G. (1995). The representation of extrapersonal space: A possible role for bimodal visual-tactile neurons. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 1021-1034). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
61. Graziano, M. S. A., Hu, X., & Gross, C. G. (1997a). Visuo-spatial properties of ventral premotor cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 77, 2268-2292.
62. Graziano, M. S. A., Hu, X., & Gross, C. G. (1997b). Coding the locations of objects in the dark. Science, 277, 239-241.
63. Graziano, M. S. A., Reiss, L. A. J., & Gross, C. G. (1999). A neuronal representation of the location of nearby sounds. Nature, 397, 428-430.
64. Graziano, M. S. A., Yap, G. S., & Gross, C. G. (1994). Coding of visual space by premotor neurons. Science, 266, 1054-1057.
65. Grillner, S., & Wallen, P. (2002). Cellular bases of a vertebrate locomotor system-steering, intersegmental and segmental co-ordination and sensory control. Brain Research Review, 40, 92-106.
66. Hari, R., Forss, N., Avikainen, S., Kirveskari, S., Salenius, S., & Rizzolatti, G. (1998). Activation of human primary motor cortex during action observation: A neuromagnetic study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95, 15061-15065.
67. Heilman, K. M., & Rothi, L. J. (1993). Apraxia. In K. M. Heilman & E. Valenstein (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology (pp. 141-163, 3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
68. Heilman, K. M., Rothi, L. J., & Valenstein, E. (1982). Two forms of ideomotor apraxia. Neurology, 32, 342-346.
69. Hepp-Reymond, M. -C., Hüsler, E. J., Maier, M. A., & Qi, H.-X. (1994). Force-related neuronal activity in two regions of the primate ventral premotor cortex. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 72, 571-579.
70. Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (1999). Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science, 286, 2526-2528.
71. Jackson, P. L., & Decety, J. (2004). Motor cognition: A new paradigm to study self-other interactions. Current Opinions in Neurobiology, 14, 259-263.
72. Jeannerod, M. (1994). The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behavioral Brain Science, 17, 187-245.
73. Jeannerod, M., Arbib, M. A., Rizzolatti, G., & Sakata, H. (1995). Grasping objects: The cortical mechanisms of visuomotor transformation. Trends in Neuroscience, 18, 314-320.
74. Johnson, M. (1987). The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination and reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
75. Kay, P., & McDaniel, C. (1978). The linguistic significance of the meanings of basic color terms. Language, 54, 610-646.
76. Kemper, S. (1989). Priming the comprehension of metaphors. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 4, 1-18.
77. Kerr, N. H. (1983). The role of vision in "visual imagery" experiments: Evidence from the congenitally blind. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 265-277.
78. Kohler, E., Keysers, C., Umiltà, M. A., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (2002). Hearing sounds, understanding actions: Action representation in mirror neurons. Science, 297, 846-848.
79. Kohler, E., Umiltà, M. A., Keysers, C., Gallese, V., Fogassi, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (2001). Auditory mirror neurons in the ventral premotor cortex of the monkey. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 27.
80. Kosslyn, S. M. (1994). Image and brain: The resolution of the imagery debate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
81. Kosslyn, S. M., Alpert, N. M., Thompson, W. L., Maljkovic, V., Weise, S., Chabris, C., Hamilton, S. E., Rauch, S. L., & Buonanno, F. S. (1993). Visual mental imagery activates topographically organized visual cortex: PET investigations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 263-287.
82. Kosslyn, S. M., Ball, T. M., & Reiser, B. J. (1978). Visual images preserve metric spatial information: Evidence from studies of image scanning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 47-60.
83. Kosslyn, S. M., & Thompson, W. L. (2000). Shared mechanisms in visual imagery and visual perception: Insights from cognitive science. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
84. Kövecses, Z. (2002). Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
85. Kurata, K., & Tanji, J. (1986). Premotor cortex neurons in macaques: Activity before distal and proximal forelimb movements. Journal of Neuroscience, 6, 403-411.
86. Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
87. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
88. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh. New York: Basic Books.
89. Lakoff, G., & Turner, M. (1989). More than cool reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
90. Langacker, R. (1983). Remarks on English aspect. In P. Hopper (Ed.), Tense and aspect: Between semantics and pragmatics (pp. 265-304). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
91. Langacker, R. W. (1986). Foundations of cognitive grammar, vol. 1. Stanford, CT: Stanford University Press.
92. Langacker, R. W. (1990). Concept, image, and symbol: The cognitive basis of grammar. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
93. Langacker, R. W. (1991). Foundations of cognitive grammar, vol. 2. Stanford, CT: Stanford University Press.
94. Le Bihan, D., Turner, R., Zeffiro, T. A., Cuenod, C. A., Jezzard, P., & Bonnerot, V. (1993). Activation of human primary visual cortex during visual recall: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90, 11802-11805.
95. Lindner, S. (1981). A lexico-semantic analysis of verb-particle constructions with up and out. PhD dissertation, University of California at San Diego, USA.
96. Luppino, G., Murata, A., Govoni, P., & Matelli, M. (1999). Largely segregated parietofrontal connections linking rostral intraparietal cortex (areas AIP and VIP) and the ventral premotor cortex (areas F5 and F4). Experimental Brain Research, 128, 181-187.
97. Malach, R., Levy, I., & Hasson, U. (2002). The topography of high-order human object areas. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 176-184.
98. Marmor, G. S., & Zaback, L. A. (1976). Mental rotation by the blind: Does mental rotation depend on visual imagery? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 515-521.
99. Martin, A., & Caramazza, A. (2003). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging perspectives on conceptual knowledge: An introduction. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 20, 195-212.
100. Martin, A., & Chao, L. L. (2001). Semantic memory and the brain: Structure and processes. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 11, 194-201.
101. Martin, A., Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (2000). Category specificity and the brain: The sensory/motor model of semantic representations of objects. In M. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The new cognitive neurosciences (pp. 1023-1036, 2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
102. Martin, A., Wiggs, C. L., Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (1996). Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge. Nature, 379, 649-652.
103. Matelli, M., Camarda, R., Glickstein, M., & Rizzolatti, G. (1986). Afferent and efferent projections of the inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 251, 281-298.
104. Matelli, M., & Luppino, G. (1997). Functional anatomy of human motor cortical areas. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol. 11. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
105. Matelli, M., Luppino, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1985). Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of the macaque monkey. Behavioral Brain Research, 18, 125-137.
106. Mervis, C. (1986). Child-basic object categories and early lexical development. In U. Neisser (Ed.), Concepts and conceptual development: Ecological and intellectual factors in categorization (pp. 201-233). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
107. Mervis, C., & Rosch, E. (1981). Categorization of natural objects. Annual Review of Psychology, 32, 89-115.
108. Mountcastle, V. B. (1995). The parietal system and some higher brain functions. Cerebral Cortex, 5, 377-390.
109. Murata, A., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Raos, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (1997). Object representation in the ventral premotor cortex (Area F5) of the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 78, 2226-2230.
110. Murata, A., Gallese, V., Luppino, G., Kaseda, M., & Sakata, H. (2000). Selectivity for the shape, size and orientation of objects in the hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal (AIP) area of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology, 83, 2580-2601.
111. Narayanan, S. (1997). KARMA: Knowledge-based Active Representations for Metaphor and Aspect. PhD dissertation, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, USA (http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/snarayan/thesis.pdf).
112. Narayanan, S. (1999). Moving right along: A computational model of metaphoric reasoning about events. Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence AAAI-99, Orlando, FL, USA (http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~snarayan/met.ps).
113. Nishitani, N., & Hari, R. (2000). Temporal dynamics of cortical representation for action. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 913-918.
114. Parsons, L., Fox, P., Downs, J., Glass, T., Hirsch, T., Martin, C., Jerabek, J., & Lancaster, J. (1995). Use of implicit motor imagery for visual shape discrimination as revealed by PET. Nature, 375, 54-58.
115. Perani, D., Cappa, S. F., Bettinardi, V., Bressi, S., Gorno-Tempini, M., & Fazio, F. (1995). Different neural systems for the recognition of animals and man-made tools. Neuroreport, 21, 1637-1641.
116. Perani, D., Schnur, T., Tettamanti, M., Gorno-Tempini, M., Cappa, S. F., & Fazio, F. (1999). Word and picture matching: A PET study of semantic category effects. Neuropsychologia, 37, 293-306.
117. Porro, C. A., Francescato, M. P., Cettolo, V., Diamond, M. E., Baraldi, P., Zuiani, C., Bazzocchi, M., & di Prampero, P. E. (1996). Primary motor and sensory cortex activation during motor performance and motor imagery. A functional magnetic resonance study. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 7688-7698.
118. Porter, R., & Lemon, R. N. (1993). Corticospinal function and volunatry movement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
119. Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1984). Computation and cognition: Toward a foundation for cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
120. Regier, T. (1995). A model of the human capacity for categorizing spatial relations. Cognitive Linguistics, 6-1, 63-88.
121. Regier, T. (1996). The human semantic potential: Spatial language and constrained connectionism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
122. Rizzolatti, G., Berti, A., & Gallese, V. (2000a). Spatial neglect: Neurophysiological bases, cortical circuits and theories. In F. Boller, J. Grafman, & G. Rizzolatti (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol. I (pp. 503-537, 2nd ed.) Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
123. Rizzolatti, G., Camarda, R., Fogassi, M., Gentilucci, M., Luppino, G., & Matelli, M. (1988). Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey: II. Area F5 and the control of distal movements. Experimental Brain Research, 71, 491-507.
124. Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (1997). The space around us. Science, 277, 190-191.
125. Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3, 131-141.
126. Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2000b). Cortical mechanisms subserving object grasping and action recognition: A new view on the cortical motor functions. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 539-552, 2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
127. Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2001). Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nature Neuroscience Reviews, 2, 661-670.
128. Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2002). Motor and cognitive functions of the ventral premotor cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 12, 149-154.
129. Rizzolatti, G., & Gallese, V. (2004). Do perception and action result from different brain circuits? The three visual systems hypothesis. In L. van Hemmen & T. Sejnowski (Eds.), Problems in systems neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
130. Rizzolatti, G., & Gentilucci, M. (1988). Motor and visuomotor functions of the premotor cortex. In P. Rakic & W. Singer (Eds.), Neurobiology of neocortex (pp. 269-284). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
131. Rizzolatti, G., Luppino, G., & Matelli, M. (1998). The organization of the cortical motor system: New concepts. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 106, 283-296.
132. Rizzolatti, G., Matelli, M., & Pavesi, G. (1983). Deficits in attention and movement following the removal of postarcuate (area 6) and prearcuate (area 8) cortex in macaque monkeys. Brain, 106, 655-673.
133. Rizzolatti, G., Scandolara, C., Gentilucci, M., & Camarda, R. (1981a). Response properties and behavioral modulation of "mouth" neurons of the postarcuate cortex (area 6) in macaque monkeys. Brain Research, 255, 421-424.
134. Rizzolatti, G., Scandolara, C., Matelli, M., & Gentilucci, M. (1981b). Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. II. Visual responses. Behavioral Brain Research, 2, 147-163.
135. Roland, P., Larsen, B., Lassen, N., & Skinhoj, E. (1980). Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man. Journal of Neurophysiology, 43, 118-136.
136. Rosch, E. (1977). Human categorization. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology. London: Academic Press.
137. Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 27-48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
138. Rosch, E. (1981). Prototype classification and logical classification: The two systems. In E. Scholnick (Ed.), New trends in cognitive representation: Challenges to Piaget's theory (pp. 73-86). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
139. Rosch, E. (1994). Categorization. In V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), The encyclopedia of human behavior. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
140. Rosch, E., & Lloyd, B. B. (1978). Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
141. Rosch, E., Mervis, C., Gray, W., Johnson, D., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382-439.
142. Sakata, H., & Taira, M. (1994). Parietal control of hand action. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 4, 847-856.
143. Shastri, L., & Ajjanagadde, V. (1993). From simple associations to systematic reasoning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 417-494.
144. Simmons, K., & Barsalou, L. W. (2003). The similarity-in-topography principle: Reconciling theories of conceptual deficits. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 20, 451-486.
145. Talmy, L. (1983). How language structures space. In H. L. Pick & L. P. Acredolo (Eds.), Spatial orientation: Theory, research, and application. New York: Plenum Press.
146. Talmy, L. (1988). Force dynamics in language and cognition. Cognitive Science, 12, 49-100.
147. Talmy, L. (1996). Fictive motion in language and "ception." In P. Bloom, M. Peterson, L. Nadel, & M. Garrett (Eds.), Language and space (pp. 211-275). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
148. Talmy, L. (1999). Toward a cognitive linguistics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
149. Tettamanti, M., Buccino, G., Saccuman, M. C., Gallese, V., Danna, M., Scifo, P., Fazio, F., Rizzolatti, G., Cappa, S. F., & Perani, D. (in press). Listening to action-related sentences activates fronto-parietal motor circuits. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.
150. Thompson, E. (1995). Colour vision. A study in cognitive science and the philosophy of perception. London: Routledge.
151. Umiltà, M. A., Kohler, E., Gallese, V., Fogassi, L., Fadiga, L., Keysers, C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2001). "I know what you are doing": A neurophysiological study. Neuron, 32, 91-101.
152. Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
153. Yamaguchi, T. (2004). The central pattern generator for forelimb locomotion in the cat. Progress in Brain Research, 143, 115-122.
154. Yue, G., & Cole, K. (1992). Strength increases from the motor program: Comparison of training with maximal voluntary and imagined muscle contractions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 67, 1114-1123.
155. Zeki, S. M. (1974). Functional organization of a visual area in the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the rhesus monkey. Journal of Physiology, 236, 549-573.
156. Zimler, J., & Keenan, J. M. (1983). Imagery in the congenitally blind: How visual are visual images? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, 269-282.