Analyzing high resolution topography for advancing the understanding of mass and energy transfer through landscapes: A review

Earth-Science Reviews

Volumn 148, Issue , 2015, Pages 174-193

  Passalacqua, Paola ^a,b   Belmont, Patrick ^c   Staley, Dennis M ^d   Simley, Jeffrey D ^d   Arrowsmith, J Ramon ^e   Bode, Collin A ^f   Crosby, Christopher ^g   DeLong, Stephen B ^h   Glenn, Nancy F ⁱ   Kelly, Sara A ^c   Lague, Dimitri ^j   Sangireddy, Harish ^a,b   Schaffrath, Keelin ^c   Tarboton, David G ^k   Wasklewicz, Thad ^l   Wheaton, Joseph M ^c  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

^e ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g University of Connecticut   (United States)

^h U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

ⁱ BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^j UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

^k Utah State University   (United States)

^l EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Bathymetry; Change detection; Filtering; Geomorphic features; IfSAR; InSAR; Lidar; Point cloud; Structure from motion

Indexed keywords

BATHYMETRY; DETECTION METHOD; ENERGY FLUX; LANDSCAPE; LIDAR; MASS TRANSFER; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; TOPOGRAPHY;

EID: 84934930213     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.05.012     Document Type: Review

References (224)

1. Alharthy A., Bethel J. Heuristic filtering and 3D feature extraction from LIDAR data. Proc. ISPRS Comm. III Symp. Photogramm. Comput. Vis 2002, 29-34.
2. Alho P., Kukko A., Hyyppä H., Kaartinen H., Hyyppä J., Jaakkola A. Co-registration of surfaces by 3D least squares matching. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2009, 76:307-318.
3. Alka D. Co-registration of surfaces by 3D least squares matching. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2010, 76:307-318.
4. Anderson R.S. Evolution of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, through tectonic growth and geomorphic decay. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99(20):161-174.
5. Anderson R.S., Anderson S.P. Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes 2010, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, (640 pp.).
6. Anderson S.P., Anderson R.S., Tucker G.E. Landscape scale linkages in critical zone evolution. Compt. Rendus Geosci. 2012, 344(11):586-596.
7. Aryal A., Brooks B.A., Reid M.E., Bawden G.W., Pawlak G.R. Displacement fields from point cloud data: application of particle imaging velocimetry to landslide geodesy. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:F01029.
8. Bae K., Lichti D.D. A method for automated registration of unorganised point clouds. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2008, 63(1):36-54.
9. Bangen S.G., Wheaton J.M., Bouwes N., Bouwes B., Jordan C. A methodological intercomparison of topographic survey techniques for characterizing wadeable streams and rivers. Geomorphology 2014, 206:343-361.
10. Belmont P. Floodplain width adjustments in response to rapid baselevel fall and knickpoint migration. Geomorphology 2011, 128:92-102.
11. Belmont P., Gran K.B., Schottler S., Wilcock P.R., Day S.S., Jennings C., Lauer J.W., Viparelli E., Willenbring J.K., Engstrom D.R., Parker G. Large shift in source of fine sediment in the Upper Mississippi River. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:8804-18810.
12. Besl P.J., McKay N.D. A method for registration of 3D shapes. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. 1992, 14(2):239-256.
13. Bian L. Object-oriented representation of environmental phenomena: is everything best represented as an object?. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 2007, 97(2):267-281.
14. Blaschke T. Object based image analysis for remote sensing. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2010, 65:2-16.
15. Bond B.J., Jones J.A., Moore G., Phillips N., Post D., McDonnell J.J. The zone of vegetation influence on baseflow revealed by diel patterns of streamflow and vegetation water use in a headwater basin. Hydrol. Process. 2002, 16:1671-1677.
16. Bond C.E., Shipton Z.K., Jones R.R., Butler R.W.H., Gibbs A. Knowledge transfer in a digital world: field data acquisition, uncertainty, visualization, and data management. Geosphere 2007, 3(6):568-576.
17. Booth A., Roering J.J., Perron T. Automated landslide mapping using spectral analysis and high-resolution topographic data: Puget Sound lowlands, Washington, and Portland Hills, Oregon. Geomorphology 2009, 109:132-147.
18. Borsa A., Minster J.B. Rapid determination of near-fault earthquake deformation using differential lidar. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2012, 102:1335-1347.
19. Bowen Z.H., Waltermire R.G. Evaluation of light detection and ranging (Lidar) for measuring river corridor topography. J. Am. Water Res. Assoc. 2002, 38:33-41.
20. Bradley D.N., Tucker G.E., Benson D.A. Fractional dispersion in a sand bed river. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:F00A09.
21. Brandtberg T. Classifying individual tree species under leaf-off and leaf-on conditions using airborne lidar. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2007, 61:325-340.
22. Brasington J., Langham J., Rumsby B. Methodological sensitivity of morphometric estimates of coarse fluvial sediment transport. Geomorphology 2003, 53(3-4):299-316.
23. Brasington J., Vericat D., Rychkov I. Modeling river bed morphology, roughness, and surface sedimentology using high resolution terrestrial laser scanning. Water Resour. Res. 2012, 48:W11519.
24. Breidenbach J., Naesset E., Lien V., Gobakken T., Solberg S. Prediction of species specific forest inventory attributes using a nonparametric semi-individual tree crown approach based on fused airborne laser scanning and multispectral data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2010, 114:911-924.
25. Breiman L. Random forests. Mach. Learn. 2001, 45:5-32.
26. Brennan R., Webster T.L. Object-oriented land cover classification of lidar-derived surfaces. Can. J. Remote. Sens. 2006, 32(2):162-172.
27. Bretar F., Pierrot-Deseilligny M., Roux M. Solving the strip adjustment problem of 3D airborne lidar data. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2004, 4734-4737.
28. Brodu N., Lague D. 3D Terrestrial LiDAR classification of complex natural scenes using a multi-scale dimensionality criterion: applications in geomorphology. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2012, 68:121-134.
29. Brooks B., Glennie C.L., Hudnut K., Ericksen T., Hauser D. Mobile laser scanning applied to the Earth sciences. Eos 2013, 94(36):313-315.
30. Burnett C., Blaschke T. A multi-scale segmentation/object relationship modelling methodology for landscape analysis. Ecol. Model. 2003, 168:233-249.
31. Butler D.R. Zoogeomorphology: Animals as Geomorphic Agents 1995, Cambridge University Press, New York, (239 pp.).
32. Calder B.R., Mayer L.A. Automatic processing of high-rate, high-density multibeam echosounder data. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2003, 4(6):1048.
33. Cao Y., Zhao H., Li N., Wei H. Land-cover classification by airborne LIDAR data fused with aerial optical images. Multi-Platform/Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing and Mapping (M2RSM) 2011, 1-6.
34. Casas A., Lane S.N., Yu D., Benito G. A method for parameterising roughness and topographic sub-grid scale effects in hydraulic modelling from LiDAR data. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2010, 14:1567-1579.
35. Catté F., Lions P.L., Morel J.M., Coll T. Image selective smoothing and edge detection by nonlinear diffusion. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 1992, 29(1):182-193.
36. Cavalli M., Tarolli P., Marchi L., Fontana G.D. The effectiveness of airborne lidar data in the recognition of channel bed morphology. Catena 2008, 73:249-260.
37. Chaplot V., Darboux F., Bourennane H., Leguédois S., Silvera N., Phachomphon K. Accuracy of interpolation techniques for the derivation of digital elevation models in relation to landform types and data density. Geomorphology 2006, 77:126-141.
38. Chase C. Fluvial landsculpting and the fractal dimension of topography. Geomorphology 1992, 5:39-57.
39. Culling W. Analytical theory of erosion. J. Geol. 1960, 68:336-344.
40. Davis W.M. The convex profile of badland divides. Science 1892, 20:245.
41. Day S.S., Gran K.B., Belmont P., Wawrzyniec T. Measuring bluff erosion part 1: terrestrial laser scanning methods for change detection. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2013, 38:1055-1067.
42. Day S.S., Gran K.B., Belmont P., Wawrzyniec T. Measuring bluff erosion part 2: pairing aerial photographs and terrestrial laser scanning to create a watershed scale sediment budget. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2013, 38:1068-1082.
43. Deems J.S., Painter T.H., Finnegan D.C. Lidar measurement of snow depth: a review. J. Glaciol. 2013, 59(215):467-479.
44. Dietrich W., Perron J.T. The search for a topographic signature of life. Nature 2006, 439(7075):411-418.
45. Dietrich W., Bellugi D., Heimsath A., Roering J., Sklar L., Stock J. Geomorphic transport laws for predicting landscape form and dynamics. Prediction in Geomorphology, Geophysical Monograph Series 2003, 103-123. AGU, Washington D.C. P. Wilcock, R. Iverson (Eds.).
46. Doerry A.W., Dickey F.M. Synthetic aperture radar. Opt. Photonics News 2004, 15(11):28-33.
47. Drever J.I. The effect of land plants on weathering rates of silicate minerals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58:2325-2332.
48. Eagleson P.S. The emergence of global-scale hydrology. Water Resour. Res. 1986, 22(9):6S-14S.
49. Easterbrook S.M. Open code for open science?. Nat. Geosci. 2014, 7:779-781.
50. Ellis E.C. Anthropogenic transformation of the terrestrial biosphere. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011, 369:1010-1035.
51. Ellis E.C., Wang H., Xiao H., Peng K., Liu X.P., Li S.C., Ouyang H., Cheng X., Yang L.Z. Measuring long-term ecological changes in densely populated landscapes using current and historical high resolution imagery. Remote Sens. Environ. 2006, 100:457-473.
52. Erdogan S. A comparison of interpolation methods for producing digital elevation models at the field scale. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2009, 34:366-376.
53. Erwin S.O., Schmidt J.C., Wheaton J.M., Wilcock P.R. Closing a sediment budget for a reconfigured reach of the Provo River, Utah, United States. Water Resour. Res. 2012, 48:W10512.
54. Evans J.S., Hudak A.T. A multiscale curvature algorithm for classifying discrete return lidar in forested environments. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2007, 45:1029-1038.
55. Farrell S.L., Collier B.A., Skow K.L., Long A.M., Campomizzi A.J., Morrison M.L., Hays K.B., Wilkins R.N. Using Lidar-derived vegetation metrics for high-resolution, species distribution models for conservation planning. Ecosphere 2013, 4(3):art42.
56. Fisher P. The pixel: a snare and a delusion. Int. J. Remote Sens. 1997, 18(3):679-685.
57. Fisher P.F., Tate N.J. Causes and consequences of error in digital elevation models. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2006, 30:467-489.
58. Fisher G.B., Bookhagen B., Amos C.B. Channel planform geometry and slopes from freely available high-spatial resolution imagery and DEM fusion: Implications for channel width scalings, erosion proxies, and fluvial signatures in tectonically active landscapes. Geomorphology 2013, 194:46-56.
59. Foley J.A., DeFries R., Asner G.P., Barford C., Bonan G., Carpenter S.R. Global consequences of land use. Science 2005, 309:570-574.
60. Fonstad M.A., Dietrich J.T., Courville B.C., Jensen J.L., Carbonneau P.E. Topographic structure from motion: a new development in photogrammetric measurement. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2013, 38:421-430.
61. Foufoula-Georgiou E., Passalacqua P. Nonlocal transport theories in geomorphology: mathematical modeling of broad scales of motion. Treatise on Geomorphology 2013, vol. 2:98-116. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. J. Shroder, A.C.W. Baas (Eds.).
62. Foufoula-Georgiou E., Ganti V., Dietrich W.E. A non-local theory for sediment transport on hillslopes. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:F00A16.
63. Frankel K.L., Dolan J.F. Characterizing arid region alluvial fan surface roughness with airborne laser swath mapping digital topographic data. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2007, 112:F02025.
64. Furbish D.J., Roering J.J. Sediment disentrainment and the concept of local versus nonlocal transport on hillslopes. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2013, 118:937-952.
65. Gabet E.J. Gopher bioturbation: field evidence for non-linear hillslope diffusion. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2000, 25:1419-1428.
66. Galewsky J. Rain shadow development during the growth of mountain ranges: an atmospheric dynamics perspective. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2009, 114(F1):F01018.
67. Galewsky J., Roe G., Anderson R., Meyer G., Flowers G. Climate over landscapes: workshop on atmospheric sciences and surface processes; Boulder, Colorado, 13 October 2007. Eos 2008, 89(16):151.
68. Gangodagamage C., Belmont P., Foufoula-Georgiou E. Revisiting scaling laws in river basins: new considerations across hillslope and fluvial regimes. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47:W07508.
69. Gangodagamage C., Foufoula-Georgiou E., Belmont P. River basin organization around the mainstem: self-similarity in tributary branching and the incremental area function. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2014, 119:2174-2193. 10.1002/2014JF003304.
70. Ganti V., Meerschaert M.M., Foufoula-Georgiou E., Viparelli E., Parker G. Normal and anomalous diffusion of gravel tracer particles in rivers. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:F00A12.
71. Ganti V., Passalacqua P., Foufoula-Georgiou E. A sub-grid scale closure for nonlinear hillslope sediment transport models. J. Geophys. Res. Earth 2012, 117(F2).
72. Garcia-Gutierrez J., Gonzalez-Ferreiro E., Riquelme-Santos J.C., Miranda D., Dieguez-Aranda U., Navarro-Cerillo R.M. Evolutionary feature selection to estimate forest stand variables using LiDAR. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. 2014, 26:119-131.
73. Gilbert G.K. The complexity of hilltops. J. Geol. 1909, 17:344-350.
74. Gilbert G.K., Dutton C.E. Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains (Utah). Technical Report 1880, U.S. Geological Survey.
75. Gilbert G.K., Murphy E.C. The transportation of debris by running water. Technical Report 1914, U.S. Geological Survey.
76. Gleason C.J., Im J. Forest biomass estimation from airborne LiDAR data using machine learning approaches. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 125:80-91.
77. Gleason C.J., Im J. A fusion approach for tree crown delineation from LiDAR data. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2012, 78:679-692.
78. Glenn N.F., Streutker D.R., Chadwick D.J., Tahckray G.D., Dorsch S.J. Analysis of lidar-derived topography information for characterizing and differentiating landslide morphology and activity. Geomorphology 2006, 73:131-148.
79. Glennie C.L. Rigorous 3D error analysis of kinematic scanning LIDAR systems. J. Geodesy 2007, 1:147-157.
80. Glennie C.L., Brooks B., Ericksen T., Hauser D., Hudnut K., Foster J., Avery J. Compact multipurpose mobile laser scanning system - initial tests and results. Remote Sens. 2013, 5:521-538.
81. Glennie C.L., Carter W.E., Shresta R.L., Dietrich W.E. Geodetic imaging with airborne LiDAR: the Earth's surface revealed. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2013, 76:086801.
82. Glennie C.L., Hinojosa-Corona A., Nissen E., Kusari A., Oskin M.E., Arrowsmith J.R., Borsa A. Optimization of legacy lidar data sets for measuring near-field earthquake displacements. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2014, 41:3494-3501.
83. Goodman A., Pepe A., Blocker A.W., Borgman C.L., Cranmer K., Crosas M., Di Stefano R., Gil Y., Groth P., Hedstrom M., Hogg D.W., Kashyap V., Mahabal A., Siemiginowska A., Slavkovic A. Ten simple rules for the care and feeding of scientific data. PLoS Comput. Biol. 2014, 10(4):e1003542.
84. Goodwell A.E. Assessment of floodplain vulnerability during extreme Mississippi River flood 2011. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48:2619-2625.
85. Hamedianfar A., Shafri H.Z.M., Mansor S., Ahmad N. Improving detailed rule-based feature extraction of urban areas from WorldView-2 image and lidar data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2014, 35(5):1876-1899.
86. Hay G.J., Marceau D.J., Dubè P., Bouchard A. A multiscale framework for landscape analysis: object-specific analysis and upscaling. Landsc. Ecol. 2001, 16:471-490.
87. Hay G.J., Blaschke T., Marceau D.J., Bouchard A. A comparison of three image-object methods for the multiscale analysis of landscape structure. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2003, 57:327-345.
88. Helbig N., Lowe H. Shortwave radiation parameterization scheme for subgrid topography. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 2012, 117(D3):1984-2012.
89. Hensleigh J. Geomorphic change detection using multi-beam SONAR. Technical Report 2014, Utah State University.
90. Heritage G., Hetherington D. Towards a protocol for laser scanning in fluvial geomorphology. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2007, 32:66-74.
91. Heritage G., Large A. Laser Scanning for the Environmental Sciences 2009, Wiley-Blackwell.
92. Hilley G.E., Arrowsmith J.R. Geomorphic response to uplift along the Dragon's Back pressure ridge, Carrizo Plain, California. Geology 2008, 36:367-370.
93. Hobi M.L., Ginzler C. Accuracy assessment of digital surface models based on WorldView-2 and ADS80 stereo remote sensing data. Sensors 2012, 12(5):6347-6368.
94. Hodgson M.E., Jensen J., Raber G., Tullis J., Davis B.A., Thompson G., Schuckman K. An evaluation of lidar-derived elevation and terrain slope in leaf-off conditions. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2005, 71(7):817-823.
95. Hofmann P., Blaschke T., Strobl J. Quantifying the robustness of fuzzy rule sets in object-based image analysis. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2011, 32(22):7359-7381.
96. Hooke R.L. On the efficacy of humans as geomorphic agents. GSA Today 1994, 4(9).
97. Hooke R.L. On the history of humans as geomorphic agents. Geology 2000, 28:843-846.
98. Hopkinson C., Chasmer L.E., Sass G., Creed I.F., Sitar M., Kalbfleisch W., Treitz P. Vegetation class dependent errors in lidar ground elevation and canopy height estimates in a boreal wetland environment. Can. J. Remote. Sens. 2005, 31(2):191-206.
99. Howard A. A detachment-limited model of drainage basin evolution. Water Resour. Res. 1994, 30(7):2261-2285.
100. Huang S., Young C., Feng M., Heidemann K., Cushing M., Mushet D.M., Liu S. Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands. J. Hydrol. 2011, 405(3):417-426.
101. Hudak A.T., Strand E.K., Vierling L.A., Byrne J.C., Eitel J.U., Martinuzzi S., Falkowski M.J. Quantifying aboveground forest carbon pools and fluxes from repeat LiDAR surveys. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 123:25-40.
102. Hugenholtz C.H., Whitehead K., Brown O.W., Barchyn T.E., Moorman B.J., LeClair A., Riddell K., Hamilton T. Geomorphological mapping with a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS): feature detection and accuracy assessment of a photogrammetrically-derived digital terrain model. Geomorphology 2013, 194:16-24.
103. Ivanov V.Y., Bras R.L., Vivoni E.R. Vegetation-hydrology dynamics in complex terrain of semiarid areas: I. A mechanistic approach to modeling dynamic feedbacks. Water Resour. Res. 2008, 44:W03429.
104. James M.R., Robson S. Straightforward reconstruction of 3D surfaces and topography with a camera: accuracy and geoscience application. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:F03017.
105. James M.R., Robson S. Mitigating systematic error in topographic models derived from UAV and ground-based image networks. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2014, 39:1413-1420.
106. Javernick L., Brasington J., Caruso B. Modeling the topography of shallow braided rivers using structure-from-motion photogrammetry. Geomorphology 2014, 213:166-182.
107. Joerg P.C., Morsdorf F., Zemp M. Uncertainty assessment of multi-temporal airborne laser scanning data: a case study on an Alpine glacier. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 127:118-129.
108. Johnson K., Nissen E., Saripalli S., Arrowsmith J.R., McGarey P., Scharer K., Williams P., Blisniuk K. Rapid mapping of ultrafine fault zone topography with structure from motion. Geosphere 2014, 10(5):1-18.
109. Kirkby M. Hillslope process-response models based on the continuity equation. Inst. Brit. Geogr. Spec. Publ. 1971, 3:15-30.
110. Klapinski M., Hazel J.E., Grams P.E., Davis P.A. Monitoring fine-sediment volume in the Colorado River ecosystem. Arizona Construction and Analysis of Digital Elevation Models Open File Report 2014-1052 2014, U.S. Geological Survey; Grand Canyon Monitoring Research Center, Flagstaff, AZ, (29 pp.).
111. Lague D., Brodu N., Leroux J. Accurate 3D comparison of complex topography with terrestrial laser scanner: application to the Rangitikei canyon (N-Z). ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2013, 82:10-26.
112. Lane S.N. Hydraulic modelling in hydrology and geomorphology: a review of high resolution approaches. Hydrol. Process. 1998, 12:1131-1150.
113. Lane S.N., Chandler J.H. Editorial: the next generation of high quality topographic data for hydrology and geomorphology: new data sources, new applications and new problems. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2003, 28:229-230.
114. Lane S.N., Westaway R.M., Hicks D.M. Estimation of erosion and deposition volumes in a large, gravel-bed, braided river using synoptic remote sensing. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2003, 28:249-271.
115. Lashermes B., Foufoula-Georgiou E., Dietrich W.E. Channel network extraction from high resolution topography using wavelets. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L23S04.
116. Lefsky M.A., Cohen W.B., Parker G.G., Harding D.J. Lidar remote sensing for ecosystem studies. Bioscience 2002, 52(1):19-30.
117. Legat K. Approximate direct georeferencing in national coordinates. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2006, 60:239-255.
118. Li J., Hu B., Noland T.L. Classification of tree species based on structural features derived from high density LiDAR data. Agr. For. Meteorol. 2013, 171:104-114.
119. Lichti D.D., Skaloud J. Registration and calibration. Airborne and Terrestrial Laser Scanning 2010, 83-133. CRC Press Inc. G. Vosselman, H.-G. Maas (Eds.).
120. Lucas Y. The role of plants in controlling rates and products of weathering: importance of biological pumping. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2001, 29:135-163.
121. Mallet C., Bretar F. Full-waveform topographic lidar: state-of-the-art. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2009, 64:1-16.
122. Marcus W.A., Fonstad M.A. Remote sensing of rivers: the emergence of a subdiscipline in the river sciences. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2010, 35:1867-1872.
123. Marsh G.P. Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action 1869, C. Scribner & Co., New York, (577 pp.).
124. Marsh G.P. The Earth as Modified by Human Action 1882, C. Scribner & Co., New York, (674 pp.).
125. May C., Roering J.J., Eaton L.S., Burnett K.M. Controls on valley width in mountainous landscapes: the role of landsliding and implications for salmonid habitat. Geology 2013, 41(4):503-506.
126. McKean J., Roering J.J. Objective landslide detection and surface morphology mapping using high-resolution airborne laser altimetry. Geomorphology 2004, 57:331-351.
127. McKean J., Tonina D., Bohn C., Wright C.W. Effects of bathymetric lidar errors on flow properties predicted with a multi-dimensional hydraulic model. J. Geophys. Res. Earth 2014, 119(3):644-664.
128. Meng X., Currit N., Zhao K. Ground filtering algorithms for airborne LiDAR data: a review of critical issues. Remote Sens. 2010, 2:833-860.
129. Meysman F.J.R., Middelburg J.J., Heip C.H.R. Bioturbation: a fresh look at Darwin's last idea. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2006, 21:688-695.
130. Milan D.J., Heritage G.L., Large A.R.G., Fuller I.C. Filtering spatial error from DEMs: implications for morphological change estimation. Geomorphology 2011, 125(1):160-171.
131. Molotch N.P., Painter T.H., Bales R.C., Dozier J. Incorporating remotely-sensed snow albedo into a spatially-distributed snowmelt model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31(3):L03501.
132. Montgomery D.R. Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2007, 104:13268-13272.
133. Montgomery D.R., Dietrich W.E. Channel initiation, drainage density and slope. Water Resour. Res. 1989, 25(8):1907-1918.
134. Morsdorf F., Nichol C., Malthus T., Woodhouse I.H. Assessing forest structural and physiological information content of multi-spectral LiDAR waveforms by radiative transfer modelling. Remote Sens. Environ. 2009, 113(10):2152-2163.
135. Mountrakis G., Im J., Ogole C. Support vector machines in remote sensing: a review. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2011, 66:247-259.
136. Mukoyama S. Estimation of ground deformation caused by the earthquake (Mw7.2) in Japan, 2008, from the geomorphic image analysis of high resolution LiDAR DEMs. J. Mt. Sci. 2012, 8:239-245.
137. Nguyen M.Q., Atkinson P.M., Lewis H.G. Superresolution mapping using a Hopfield neural network with LIDAR data. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. 2005, 2(3):366-370.
138. Nissen E., Krishnan A.K., Arrowsmith J.R., Saripalli S. Three-dimensional surface displacements and rotations from differencing pre- and post-earthquake lidar point clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L16301.
139. Nissen E., Maruyama T., Arrowsmith J.R., Elliott J., Krishnan A., Oskin M., Saripalli S. Coseismic fault zone deformation revealed with differential lidar: examples from Japanese Mw7 intraplate earthquakes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2014, 405:244-256. 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.031.
140. NRC Elevation Data for Floodplain Mapping 2007, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
141. NRC Landscapes on the Edge 2010, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
142. Oliver C., Quegan S. Understanding Synthetic Aperture Radar Images 2004, SciTech Publishing, (512 pp.).
143. Oskin M.E., Arrowsmith J.R., Corona A.H., Elliott A.J., Fletcher J.M., Fielding E.J., Gold P.O., Gonzalez Garcia J.J., Hudnut K.W., Liu-Zeng J., Teran O.J. Near-field deformation from the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake revealed by differential lidar. Science 2012, 335:702-705.
144. Paola C., Foufoula-Georgiou E., Dietrich W.E., Hondzo M., Mohrig D., Parker G., Power M.E., Rodriguez-Iturbe I., Voller V., Wilcock P. Toward a unified science of the Earth's surface: opportunities for synthesis among hydrology, geomorphology, geochemistry, and ecology. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42(3):W03S10.
145. Passalacqua P., Trung T.D., Foufoula-Georgiou E., Sapiro G., Dietrich W.E. A geometric framework for channel network extraction from lidar: nonlinear diffusion and geodesic paths. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:F01002.
146. Passalacqua P., Tarolli P., Foufoula-Georgiou E. Testing space-scale methodologies for automatic geomorphic feature extraction from lidar in a complex mountainous landscape. Water Resour. Res. 2010, 46:W11535.
147. Passalacqua P., Belmont P., Foufoula-Georgiou E. Automatic geomorphic feature extraction from lidar in flat and engineered landscapes. Water Resour. Res. 2012, 48:W03528.
148. Pelletier J.D. A robust, two-parameter method for the extraction of drainage networks from high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMS): evaluation using synthetic and real-world networks. Water Resour. Res. 2013, 49:1-15.
149. Pelletier J.D., Orem C.A. How do sediment yields from post-wildfire debris-laden flows depend on terrain slope, soil burn severity class, and drainage basin area? Insights from airborne-LiDAR change detection. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2014, 39(13):1822-1832.
150. Perona P., Malik J. Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE-PAMI 1990, 12:629-639.
151. Perron J.T., Kirchner J.W., Dietrich W.E. Formation of evenly spaced ridges and valleys. Nature 2009, 460:502-505.
152. Petrie G., Toth C.K. Introduction to laser ranging, profiling and scanning. Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning: Principles and Processing 2009, 1-27. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. J. Shan, C.K. Toth (Eds.).
153. Petrie G., Toth C.K. Terrestrial laser scanners. Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning: Principles and Processing 2009, 87-127. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. J. Shan, C.K. Toth (Eds.).
154. Petrie G., Toth C.K. Airborne and spaceborne laser profilers and scanners. Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning: Principles and Processing 2009, 29-85. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. J. Shan, C.K. Toth (Eds.).
155. Pfeifer N., Mandlburger G. LiDAR data filtering and DTM generation. Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning: Principles and Processing 2009, 308-333. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. J. Shan, C.K. Toth (Eds.).
156. Phillips J.D. Biological energy in landscape evolution. Am. J. Sci. 2009, 309:271-289.
157. Pike R.J., Evans I.S., Hengl T. Geomorphometry: a brief guide. Geomorphometry: Concepts, Software, Applications 2009, vol. 33:3-30. Elsevier. T. Hengl, H. Reuter (Eds.).
158. Priestnall G., Jaafar J., Duncan A. Extracting urban features from LIDAR digital surface models. Comput. Environ. Urban 2000, 24:65-78.
159. Reed S., Amundson R. Using LIDAR to model Mima mound evolution and regional energy balances in the Great Central Valley, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 2012, 490:21-41.
160. Reinhardt L., Jerolmack D., Cardinale B.J., Vanacker V., Wright J. Dynamic interactions of life and its landscape: feedbacks at the interface of geomorphology and ecology. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2010, 35(1):78-101.
161. Renslow M. Manual of airborne topographic LiDAR 2012, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Bethesda, MD, (504 pp.).
162. Rhoads B.L. The dynamic basis of geomorphology reenvisioned. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 2006, 96(1):14-30.
163. Riitters K.H., Wickham J.D. How far to the nearest road?. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2003, 1(3):125-129.
164. Roering J. How well can hillslope evolution models 'explain' topography? Simulating soil transport and production with high-resolution topographic data. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 2008, 120(9):1248-1262.
165. Roering J., Kirchner J., Dietrich W. Evidence for nonlinear, diffusive sediment transport on hillslopes and implications for landscape morphology. Water Resour. Res. 1999, 35:853-870.
166. Roering J., Stimely L.L., Mackey B.H., Schmidt D.A. Using DInSAR, airborne LiDAR, and archival air photos to quantify landsliding and sediment transport. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L19402.
167. Roering J., Marshall J., Booth A.M., Mort M., Jin Q. Evidence for biotic controls on topography and soil production. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 298(1):183-190.
168. Roering J., Mackey B.H., Marshall J.A., Sweeney K.E., Deligne N.I., Booth A.M., Handwerger A.L., Cerovski-Darriau C. You are HERE: connecting the dots with airborne lidar for geomorphic fieldwork. Geomorphology 2013, 200:172-183.
169. Rosser N.J., Petley D.N., Lim M., Dunning S.A., Allison R.J. Terrestrial laser scanning for monitoring the process of hard rock coastal cliff erosion. Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. 2005, 38:363-375.
170. Schaer P., Skaloud J.S., Landtwig K. Legat Accuracy estimation for laser point cloud including scanning geometry. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. 2007, 36(Part 5):8. (on CD ROM).
171. Schmidt J., Andrew R. Multi-scale landform characterization. Area 2005, 37(3):341-350.
172. Schmidt J., Hewitt A. Fuzzy land element classification from DTMS based on geometry and terrain position. Geoderma 2004, 121(3):243-256.
173. Schurch P., Densmore A.L., Rosser N.J., Lim M., McArdell B.W. Detection of surface change in complex topography using terrestrial laser scanning: application to the Illgraben debris-flow channel. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2011, 36:1847-1859.
174. Shan J., Toth C. Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning 2009, CRC Press, New York, NY, (504 pp.).
175. Sidle R.C., Ziegler A.D. The dilemma of mountain roads. Nat. Geosci. 2012, 5:437-438.
176. Sidle R.C., Noguchi S., Tsuboyama Y., Laursen K. A conceptual model of preferential flow systems in forested hillslopes: evidence of self-organization. Hydrol. Process. 2001, 15:1675-1692.
177. Sithole G., Vosselman G. Experimental comparison of filter algorithms for bare-Earth extraction from airborne laser scanning point clouds. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2004, 59:85-101.
178. Smith T., Bretherton F. Stability and the conservation of mass in drainage basin evolution. Water Resour. Res. 1972, 8:1506-1529.
179. Snavely N. Scene Reconstruction and Visualization From Internet Photo Collections 2008, (Ph.D. thesis), University of Washington, USA.
180. Sofia G., Tarolli P., Cazorzi F., Dalla Fontana G. An objective approach for feature extraction: distribution analysis and statistical descriptors for scale choice and channel network identification. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2011, 15:1387-1402.
181. Sofia G., Pirotti F., Tarolli P. Variations in multiscale curvature distribution and signatures of LiDAR DTMs errors. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2013, 38(10):1116-1134.
182. Soudarissanane S., Lindenbergh R., Menenti M., Teunissen P. Scanning geometry: influencing factor on the quality of terrestrial laser scanning points. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2011, 66(4):389-399.
183. Spaete L., Glenn N., Derryberry D., Sankey T., Mitchell J., Hardegree S. Vegetation and slope effects on accuracy of a LiDAR-derived DEM in the sagebrush steppe. Remote Sens. Lett. 2011, 2(4):317-326.
184. Staley D.M., Wasklewicz T.A., Kean J.W. Characterizing the primary material sources and dominant erosional processes for post-fire debris-flow initiation in a headwater basin using multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning data. Geomorphology 2014, 214:324-338.
185. Staley D.M., Wasklewicz T.A., Blaszczynski J.S. Surficial patterns of debris flow deposition on alluvial fans in Death Valley, CA using airborne laser swath mapping data. Geomorphology 2006, 74(1-4):152-163. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.014.
186. Stout J., Belmont P. TerEx Toolbox for semi-automated selection of fluvial terrace and floodplain features from lidar. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2014, 39(5):569-580.
187. Strahler A.N. Dynamic basis of geomorphology. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 1952, 63:923-938.
188. Streutker D., Glenn N. Lidar measurement of sagebrush steppe vegetation heights. Remote Sens. Environ. 2006, 102:135-145.
189. Streutker D., Glenn N., Shrestha R. A slope-based method for matching elevation surfaces. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2011, 77(7):743-750.
190. Stumpf A., Malet J., Allemand P., Ulrich P. Surface reconstruction and landslide displacement measurements with Pléiades satellite images. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 2014, 95:1-12.
191. Suárez J.C., Ontiveros C., Smith S., Snape S. Use of airborne LiDAR and aerial photography in the estimation of individual tree heights in forestry. Comput. Geosci. 2005, 31:253-262.
192. Syvitski J.P.M., Saito Y. Morphodynamics of deltas under the influence of humans. Glob. Planet. Chang. 2007, 57:261-282.
193. Tarolli P. High-resolution topography for understanding Earth surface processes: opportunities and challenges. Geomorphology 2014, 216:295-312.
194. Tarolli P., Sofia G., Dalla Fontana G. Geomorphic features extraction from high-resolution topography: landslide crowns and bank erosion. Nat. Hazards 2012, 61:65-83.
195. Tarolli P., Preti F., Romano N. Terraced landscapes: from an old best practice to a potential hazard for soil degradation due to land abandonment. Anthropocene 2014, 6:10-25.
196. Taylor J. An introduction to error analysis: the study of uncertainties in physical measurements 1997, University Science Books, Sausalito, California, (327 pp.). Second edition.
197. Teza G., Galgaro A., Zaltron N., Genevois R. Terrestrial laser scanner to detect landslide displacement fields: a new approach. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2007, 28(16):3425-3446.
198. Tinkham W.T., Huang H., Smith A.M.S., Shresta R., Falkowski M.J., Hudak A.T., Link T.E., Glenn N.F., Marks D.G. A comparison of two open source lidar surface classification algorithms. Remote Sens. 2011, 3:638-649.
199. Tomer M.D., Crumpton W.G., Bingner R.L., Kostel J.A., James D.E. Estimating nitrate load reductions from placing constructed wetlands in a HUC-12 watershed using LiDAR data. Ecol. Eng. 2013, 56:69-78.
200. Trimble S.W. Decreased rates of alluvial sediment storage in the Coon Creek Basin, Wisconsin, 1975-93. Science 1999, 285:1244-1246.
201. Tucker G.E., Bradley D.N. Trouble with diffusion: reassessing hillslope erosion laws with a particle-based model. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:F00A10.
202. Tucker G.E., Slingerland R.L. Erosional dynamics, flexural isostacy, and long-lived escarpments: a numerical modeling study. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99(12). (229-12-243).
203. Tucker G.E., Slingerland R.L. Drainage basin responses to climate change. Water Resour. Res. 1997, 33:2031-2047.
204. Turner D., Lucieer A., Watson C. An automated technique for generating georectified mosaics from ultra-high resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery, based on Structure from Motion (SfM) point clouds. Remote Sens. 2012, 4:1392-1410.
205. Vaaja M., Hyyppä J., Kukko A., Kaartinen H., Hyyppä H., Alho P. Mapping topography changes and elevation accuracies using a mobile laser scanner. Remote Sens. 2011, 3(3):587-600.
206. Vierling K.T., Vierling L.A., Gould W.A., Martinuzzi S., Clawges R.M. Lidar: shedding new light on habitat characterization and modeling. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2008, 6(2):90-98.
207. Vosselmann G., Maas H.G. Airborne and Terrestrial Laser Scanning 2010, CRC Press, New York, NY, (318 pp.).
208. Wasklewicz T., Staley D.M., Reavis K., Oguchi T. Digital terrain modeling. Treatise on Geomorphology 2013, vol. 3:130-161. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. J. Shroder, M.P. Bishop (Eds.).
209. Westoby M.J., Brasington J., Glasser N.F., Hanbrey M.J., Reynolds J.M. 'Structure-from-Motion' photogrammetry: a low-cost, effective tool for geoscience applications. Geomorphology 2012, 179:300-314.
210. Wheaton J.M., Darby S.E., Sear D.A. The scope of uncertainties in river restoration. River Restoration: Managing the Uncertainty in Restoring Physical Habitat 2008, 21-39. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, U.K. S.E. Darby, D. Sear (Eds.).
211. Wheaton J.M., Brasington J., Darby S.E., Sear D.A. Accounting for uncertainty in DEMs from repeat topographic surveys: improved sediment budgets. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2010, 35:136-156.
212. Wheaton J.M., Brasington J., Darby S.E., Kasprak A., Sear D.A., Vericat D. Morphodynamic signatures of braiding mechanisms as expressed through change in sediment storage in a gravel-bed river. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2013, 118:759-779.
213. White E.P., Baldridge E., Brym Z.T., Locey K.J., McGlinn D.J., Supp S.R. Nine simple ways to make it easier to (re)use your data. PeerJPrePrints 2013, 1:e7v2. 10.7287/peerj.preprints.7v2.
214. Wiener N. Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series 1949, Wiley, New York.
215. Wilkinson B.H., McElroy B.J. The impact of humans on continental erosion and sedimentation. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 2007, 119:140-156.
216. Willgoose G., Bras R., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. A coupled channel network growth and hillslope evolution model; 1, theory. Water Resour. Res. 1991, 27:1671-1684.
217. Willgoose G., Bras R., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. A coupled channel network growth and hillslope evolution model; 2, nondimensionalization and application. Water Resour. Res. 1991, 27:1685-1696.
218. Willgoose G., Bras R., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. A physical explanation of an observed link area-slope relationship. Water Resour. Res. 1991, 27:1697-1702.
219. Williams K., Olsen M.J., Roe G.V., Glennie C. Synthesis of transportation applications of mobile lidar. Remote Sens. 2013, 5:4652-4692.
220. Williams R.D., Brasington J., Vericat D., Hicks D.M. Hyperscale terrain modelling of braided rivers: fusing mobile terrestrial laser scanning and optical bathymetric mapping. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2014, 39:167-183.
221. Yoo K., Amundson R., Heimsath A.M., Dietrich W.E. Process-based model linking pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) activity to sediment transport and soil thickness. Geology 2005, 33(11):917-920.
222. Yoo K., Weinman B., Mudd S.M., Hurst M., Attal M., Maher K. Evolution of hillslope soils: the geomorphic theater and the geochemical play. Appl. Geochem. 2011, 26:S149-S153.
223. Zhao K., Popescu S.C., Zhang X. Bayesian learning with Gaussian processes for supervised classification of hyperspectral data. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2008, 74(10):1223-1234.
224. Zhao K., Popescu S.C., Meng X., Pang Y., Agca M. Characterizing forest canopy structure with lidar composite metrics and machine learning. Remote Sens. Environ. 2011, 115:1978-1996.