High fluvial export of dissolved organic nitrogen from a peatland catchment with elevated inorganic nitrogen deposition

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 532, Issue , 2015, Pages 711-722

  Edokpa, D A ^a   Evans, M G ^a   Rothwell, J J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Baseflow; DON; N saturation; Peat; South Pennines; Stormflow

Indexed keywords

CARBON; CATCHMENTS; DISSOLUTION; FORESTRY; ORGANIC CARBON; PEAT; RUNOFF; STORMS; WETLANDS;

BASEFLOWS; DON; N SATURATION; SOUTH PENNINES; STORM FLOW;

NITROGEN;

GROUND WATER; INORGANIC COMPOUND; INORGANIC NITROGEN; ORGANIC CARBON; ORGANIC NITROGEN; SOIL WATER; STORM WATER; SURFACE WATER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BASEFLOW; CATCHMENT; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; INORGANIC NITROGEN; PEATLAND; RIVER SYSTEM; SATURATION;

ARTICLE; AUTUMN; CARBON NITROGEN RATIO; CATCHMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FLUVIAL SYSTEM; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; NITROGEN CYCLING; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PEATLAND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIVER; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPRING; SUMMER; TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON; UNITED KINGDOM; WATER AND WATER RELATED PHENOMENA; WATER SAMPLING; WINTER;

ENGLAND; PENNINES; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84934915491     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.072     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Aber J.D., Magill A., McNulty S.G., Boone R.D., Nadelhoffer K.J., Downs M., Hallett R. Forest biogeochemistry and primary production altered by nitrogen saturation. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1995, 85:1665-1670.
2. Aber J.D., Nadelhoffer K.J., Steudler P., Melillo J.M. Nitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems. Bioscience 1989, 39(6):378-386.
3. Adams H.E., Crump B.C., Kling G.W. Isolating the effects of storm events on artic aquatic bacteria: temperature, nutrients, and community composition as controls on bacterial productivity. Front. Microbiol. 2015, 6(250). 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00250.
4. Adamson J.K., Scott W.A., Rowland A.P. The dynamics of dissolved nitrogen in a blanket peat dominated catchment. Environ. Pollut. 1998, 99:69-77.
5. Agehara S., Warncke D.D. Soil moisture and temperature effects on nitrogen release from organic nitrogen sources. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 2005, 69:1844-1855.
6. Allott T.E.H., Curtis C.J., Hall J., Harriman R., Battarbee R.W. The impact of nitrogen deposition on upland surface waters in Great Britain: a regional assessment of nitrate leaching. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1995, 85:297-302.
7. Allott T.E.H., Evans M.G., Lindsay J.B., Agnew C.T., Freer J.E., Jones A., Parnell M. Water tables in Peak District blanket peatlands. Moors for the Future, Report No 17 2009.
8. Bernal S., Butturini A., Sabater F. Seasonal variations of dissolved nitrogen and DOC:DON ratios in an intermittent Mediterranean stream. Biogeochemistry 2005, 75:351-372.
9. Bernhardt E.S., Likens G.E. Dissolved organic carbon enrichment alters nitrogen dynamics in a forest stream. Ecology 2002, 83(6):1689-1700.
10. Billett M.F., Deacon C.M., Palmer S.M., Dawson J.J.C., Hope D. Connecting organic carbon in stream water and soils in a peatland catchment. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:G02010. 10.1029/2005JG000065.
11. Birch H.E. Nitrification in soils after different periods of dryness. Plant Soil 1960, 12:81-96.
12. Brookshire E.N.J., Valett H.M., Thomas S.A., Webster J.R. Coupled cycling of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a forest stream. Ecology 2005, 86(9):2487-2496.
13. Buckeridge K.M., Jefferies R.L. Vegetation loss alters soil nitrogen dynamics in an Artic salt marsh. J. Ecol. 2007, 95:283-293.
14. Buffam I., Galloway J.N., Blum L.K., McGlathery K.J. A storm/baseflow comparison of dissolved organic matter concentrations and bioavailability in an Appalachian stream. Biogeochemistry 2001, 53:269-306.
15. Campbell J.L., Hornbeck J.W., Mcdowell W.H., Buso D.C., Shanley J.B., Likens G.E. Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England. Biogeochemistry 2000, 49:123-142.
16. Cape J.N., Kirika A., Rowland A.P., Wilson D.R., Jickells T.D., Cornell S. Organic nitrogen in precipitation: real problem or sampling artefact?. ScientificWorld 2001, 1(S2):230-237.
17. Chapman P.J., Edwards A.C. Inorganic and organic losses of nitrogen from upland regions of Britain: concentrations and fluxes. ScientificWorld 2001, 1(S2):589-596.
18. Chapman P.J., Edwards A.C., Cresser M.S. The nitrogen composition of streams in upland Scotland: some regional and seasonal differences. Sci. Total Environ. 2001, 265:65-83.
19. Chapman P.J., Williams B.L., Hawkins A. Influence of temperature cover on soluble inorganic and organic nitrogen in a spodosol. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2001, 33(2001):1113-1121.
20. Chrost R.J., Riemann B. Storm-stimulated enzymatic decomposition of organic matter in benthic/pelagic coastal mesocosms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1994, 108:185-192.
21. Clark M.J., Cresser M.S., Smart R., Chapman P.J., Edwards A.C. The influence of catchment characteristics on the seasonality of carbon and nitrogen species concentrations in upland rivers of Northern Scotland. Biogeochemistry 2004, 68:1-19.
22. Clark J.M., Lane S.N., Chapman P.J., Adamson J.K. Export of dissolved organic carbon from an upland peatland during storm events: Implication for flux estimates. J. Hydrol. 2007, 347:438-447.
23. Curtis C.J., Evans C.D., Helliwell R.C., Monteith D.T. Nitrate leaching as a confounding factor in chemical recovery from acidification in UK upland waters. Environ. Pollut. 2005, 137(1):73-82.
24. Curtis C.J., Emmett B.A., Reynolds B., Shilland J. Nitrate leaching from moorland soils: Can soil C:N ratios indicate N saturation. Water Air Soil Pollut. Focus 2004, 4:359-369.
25. Cundill A.P., Chapman P.J., Adamson J.K. Spatial variation in concentrations of dissolved nitrogen species in an upland blanket peat catchment. Sci. Total Environ. 2007, 373:166-177.
26. Daniels S.M., Evans M.G., Agnew C.T., Allott T.E.H. Ammonium release from a blanket peatland into headwater stream systems. Environ. Pollut. 2012, 163:261-272.
27. Dise N.B., Ashmore M., Belyazid S., et al. Nitrogen as a threat to European terrestrial biodiversity. The European Nitrogen Assessment 2011, Cambridge University Press. M.A. Sutton, C.M. Howard, J.W. Erisman (Eds.).
28. Dise N.B., Rothwell J.J., Gauci V., van der Salm C., de Vries W. Predicting dissolved inorganic nitrogen leaching in European forests using two independent databases. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407:1798-1808.
29. Dise N.B., Matzner E., Forsius M. Evaluation of organic horizon C:N ratio as a n indicator of nitrate leaching in conifer forests across Europe. Environ. Pollut. 1998, 102(S1):453-456.
30. Duan N. Smearing estimate - a nonparametric retransformation method. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1983, 78:605-610.
31. Durand P., Breuer L., Johnes P.J., et al. Nitrogen processes in aquatic ecosystems. The European Nitrogen Assessment 2011, Cambridge University Press. M.A. Sutton, C.M. Howard, J.W. Erisman (Eds.).
32. Evans C., Davies T.D. Causes of concentration/discharge hysteresis and its potential as a tool for analysis of episode hydrochemistry. Water Resour. Res. 1998, 34(1):129-137.
33. Evans C.D., Freeman C., Monteith D.T., Reynolds B., Fenner N. Climate change-terrestrial export of organic carbon-reply. Nature 2002, 415:862.
34. Evans C.D., Goodale C.L., Caporn S.J.M., Dise N.B., Emmett B.A., Fernandez I.J., Field C.D., Findlay S.E.G., Lovett G.M., Meesenburg H., Moldan F., Sheppard L.J. Does elevated nitrogen deposition or ecosystem recovery from acidification drive increased dissolved organic carbon loss from upland soil? A review of evidence from field nitrogen addition experiments. Biogeochemistry 2008, 91:13-35.
35. Evans C.D., Jenkins A., Wright R.F. Surface water acidification in the south Pennines I. current status and spatial variability. Environ. Pollut. 2000, 109:11-20.
36. Understanding gully blocking in deep peat. Moors for the Future Report No 4 2005, M. Evans, T. Allott, J. Holden, C. Flitcroft, A. Bonn (Eds.).
37. Evans C.D., Caporn S.J.M., Carroll J.A., Pilkington M.G., Wilson D.B., Ray N., Cresswell N. Modelling nitrogen saturation and carbon accumulation in heathland soils under elevated nitrogen deposition. Environ. Pollut. 2006, 143:468-478.
38. Evans C.D., Reynolds B., Jenkins A., Helliwell R.C., Curtis C.J., Goodale C.L., Ferrier R.C., Emmett B.A., Pilkington M.G., Caporn S.J.M., Carroll J.A., Norris D., Davies J., Coull M.C. Evidence that soil carbon pool determines susceptibility of semi-natural ecosystems to elevated nitrogen leaching. Ecosystems 2006, 9:453-462.
39. Evans C.D., Chapman P.J., Clark J.M., Monteith D.T., Cresser M.S. Alternative explanations for rising dissolved organic carbon export from organic soils. Glob. Change Biol. 2006, 12:2044-2053.
40. Evans M.G., Crowe S., Evans V., Liddaman L.C., Lindsay J.B., Rothwell J.J. Gully Revegetation and Carbon Sequestration on Bleaklow 2006, Moors for the future partnership, Derbyshire.
41. Fenner N., Freeman C., Reynolds B. Hydrological effects on the biodiversity of phenolic degrading bacteria in a peatland: implications for carbon cycling. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2005, 37:1277-1287.
42. Fenner N., Freeman C., Worrall F. Hydrological controls on dissolved organic carbon production and release from UK peatlands. Washington, D.C.: Geophysical Monograph Series 184; American Geophysical Union 2009, 237-249. A.J. Baird, L.R. Belyea, X. Comas, A.S. Reeve, L.D. Slatter (Eds.).
43. Freeman C., Evans C.D., Monteith D.T. Export of organic carbon from peat soils. Nature 2001, 412:785.
44. Goodale C.L., Aber J.D., McDowell W.H. The long-term effects of disturbance on organic and inorganic nitrogen export in the white mountains. N. H. Ecosyst. 2000, 3:433-450.
45. Gruber N., Galloway J.N. An Earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle. Nature 2008, 451(7176):293-296.
46. Gundersen P., Callesen I., de Vries W. Nitrate leaching in forest ecosystems is controlled by forest floor C/N ratio. Environ. Pollut. 1998, 102(S1):403-407.
47. Hafner S.D., Groffman P.M., Mitchell M.J. Leaching of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved nitrogen, and other solutes from a coarse woody debris and litter in a mixed forest in New York State. Biogeochemistry 2005, 74:257-282.
48. Haggard B.E., Soerens T.S., Green W.R., Richards R.P. Using regression methods to estimate stream phosphorus loads at the Illinois river, Arkansas. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2003, 19(2):187-194.
49. Harriman R., Curtis C., Edwards A.C. An empirical approach for assessing the relationship between nitrogen deposition and nitrate leaching from upland catchments in the United Kingdom using runoff chemistry. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1998, 105:193-203.
50. Helliwell R.C., Davies J.J.L., Evans C.D., Jenkins A., Coull M.C., Reynolds B., Norris D., Ferrier R.C. Spatial and seasonal variation in nitrogen leaching and acidity across four acid-impacted regions of the UK. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2007, 185:3-19.
51. Helliwell R.C., Coull M.C., Davies J.J.L., Evans C.D., Norris D., Ferrier R.C., Jenkins A., Reynolds B. The role of catchment characteristics in determining surface water nitrogen in four upland regions in the UK. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2007, 11:356-371.
52. Holland E.A., Braswell B.H., Lamarque J.-F., Townsend A., Sulzman J., Muller J.-F., Dentener F., Brasseur G., Levy H., Penner J.E., Roelofs G.-J. Variations in the predicted spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and their impact on carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(D13):15849-15866.
53. Howarth R.W., Marino R. Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems: evolving views over three decades. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2006, 51(1, part 2):364-376.
54. Hubbard J.G., Chrzanowski T.H. Impact of storms on heterotrophic activity of epilimnetic bacteria in a southwestern reservoir. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1986, 51(6):1259-1263.
55. Inamdar S.P., Mitchell M.J. Hydrologic and topographic controls on storm-event exports of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate across catchment scales. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42:W03421. 10.1029/2005WR004212.
56. Inamdar S.P., Mitchell M.J. Storm event exports of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) across multiple catchments in a glaciated forested watershed. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:G02014. 10.1029/2006JG000309.
57. Kaushal S.S., Lewis W.M. Patterns in the chemical fractionation of organic nitrogen in Rocky Mountain streams. Ecosystems 2003, 6:483-492.
58. Lewis W.M., Grant M.C. Relationships between stream discharge and yield of dissolved substances from a Colorado mountain watershed. Soil Sci. 1979, 128(6):353-363.
59. Lindsay J.B. The Terrain Analysis System: a tool for hydro-geomorphic applications. Hydrol. Process. 2005, 19(5):1123-1130.
60. Littlewood I.G. Estimating Constituent loads in Rivers: a Review 1992, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK, (Report No. 117).
61. Martinelli L.A., Coletta L.D., Ravagnani E.C., Camargo P.B., Ometto J.P.H.B., Filoso S., Victoria R.L. Dissolve nitrogen in rivers: comparing pristine and impacted regions of Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 2010, 70(3):709-722.
62. Monteith D.T., Evans C.D., Reynolds B. Are temporal variations in the nitrate content of UK upland freshwaters linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation?. Hydrol. Process. 2000, 14:1745-1749.
63. Monteith D.T., Stoddard J.L., Evans C.D., de Wit H.A., Forsius M., Hogasen T., Wilander A., Sjelkvale B.L., Jeffries D.S., Vuorenmaa J., Keller B., Kopacek J., Vesely J. Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry. Nature 2007, 450:537-541.
64. Neff J.C., Hobbie S.E., Vitousek P.M. Nutrient and mineralogical control on dissolved organic C, N and P fluxes and stoichiometry in Hawaiian soils. Biogeochemistry 2000, 51:283-302.
65. Neff K.J., Schwartz J.S., Moore S.E., Kulp M.A. Influence of basin characteristics on baseflow and stormflow chemistry in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Hydrol. Process. 2013, 27:2061-2074.
66. Pastor J., Solin J., Bridgham S.D., Updegraff K., Harth C., Weishampel P., Dewey B. Global warming and the export of dissolved organic carbon from boreal peatlands. Oikos 2003, 100:380-386.
67. Pawson R.R., Lord D.R., Evans M.G., Allott T.E.H. Fluvial organic carbon flux from an eroding peatland catchment, southern Pennines, UK. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2008, 12:625-634.
68. Peterson B.J., Wollheim W.M., Mulholland P.J., Webster J.R., Meyer J.L., Tank J.L., Marti E., Bowden W.B., Valett H.M., Hershey A.E., McDowell W.H., Dodds W.K., Hamilton S.K., Gregory S., Morrall D.D. Control of nitrogen export from watersheds by headwater streams. Science 2001, 292:86-90.
69. Pettyjohn W.A., Henning R. Preliminary estimate of ground-water recharge rates, related streamflow and water quality in Ohio. Ohio State University Water Resources Centre Project Completion Report Number 552 1979.
70. Pregitzer K.S., Zak D.R., Burton A.J., Ashby J.A., MacDonald N.W. Chronic nitrate additions dramatically increase the export of carbon and nitrogen from northern hardwood ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 2004, 68:179-197.
71. Quilbe R., Rousseau A.N., Duchemin M., Poulin A., Gangbazo G., Villeneuve J. Selecting a calculation method to estimate sediment and nutrient loads in streams: application to the Beaurivage River (Quebec, Canada). J. Hydrol. 2006, 326:295-310.
72. Reynolds B., Edwards A.C. Factors influencing dissolved nitrogen concentrations and loadings in upland streams of the UK. Agric. Water Manag. 1995, 27:181-202.
73. Reynolds B., Emmett B.A., Woods C. Variations in streamwater nitrate concentrations and nitrogen budgets over 10years in a headwater catchment in mid-Wales. J. Hydrol. 1992, 136:155-175.
74. Ritzrau W., Graf G. Increase of microbial biomass in the benthic turbidity zone of Kiel Bight after resuspension by a storm event. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1992, 37(5):1081-1086.
75. Robson A.J., Neal C. A summary of regional water quality for eastern UK rivers. Sci. Total Environ. 1997, 194(195):15-37.
76. Rothwell J.J., Evans M.G., Daniels S.M., Allott T.E.H. Peat soils as a source of lead contamination to upland fluvial systems. Environ. Pollut. 2008, 153:582-589.
77. Rothwell J.J., Futter M.N., Dise N.B. A classification and regression tree model of controls on dissolved inorganic nitrogen leaching from European forests. Environ. Pollut. 2008, 156:544-552.
78. Rothwell J.J., Evans M.G., Daniels S.M., Allott T.E.H. Baseflow and stormflow metal concentrations in streams draining contaminated peat moorlands in the Peak District National Park (UK). J. Hydrol. 2007, 341:90-104.
79. Rowe E.C., Evans C.D., Emmett B.A., Reynolds B., Helliwell R.C., Coull M.C., Curtis C.J. Vegetation type affects the relationship between soil carbon to nitrogen ratio and nitrogen leaching. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2006, 177:335-347.
80. Seitzinger S.P., Sanders R.W., Styles R. Bioavailability of DON from natural and anthropogenic sources to estuarine plankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2002, 47:353-366.
81. Shuttleworth E.L., Evans M.G., Hutchinson S.M., Rothwell J.J. Peatland restoration: controls on sediment production and reductions in carbon and pollutant export. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2014, 10.1002/esp.3645.
82. Shand P., Haria A.H., Neal C., Griffiths K.J., Gooddy D.C., Dixon A.J., Hill T., Buckley D.K., Cunningham J.E. Hydrochemical heterogeneity in an upland catchment: further characterisation of the spatial, temporal and depth variations in soils, streams and groundwaters of the Plynlimon forested catchment, Wales. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2005, 9(6):621-644.
83. Sjoeng A.M.S., Kaste O., Torseth K.And, Mulder J. N Leaching from small upland headwater catchments in south western Norway. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2007, 179:323-340.
84. Skjelkvale B.L., Stoddard J.L., Jeffries D.S., Torseth K., Hogasen T., Bowman J., Mannio J., Monteith D.T., Mosello R., Rogora M., Rzychon D., Vesely J., Wieting J., Wilander A., Worsztynowicz A. Regional scale evidence for improvements in surface water chemistry 1990-2001. Environ. Pollut. 2005, 137:165-176.
85. Stoddard J.L. Long-term changes in watershed retention of nitrogen: its causes and aquatic consequences. Advances in Chemistry Series 1994, 237:223-284. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. L. Baker (Ed.).
86. Stutter M.I., Dunn S.M., Lumsdon D.G. Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in a UK podzolic moorland catchment: linking storm hydrochemistry, flowpath analysis and sorption experiments. Biogeosciences 2012, 9:2159-2175.
87. Tranvik L.J., Jansson M. Climate change - terrestrial export of organic carbon. Nature 2002, 415:861-862.
88. United Utilities Report on Adaptation under the Climate Change Act 2000 Accessed on 01/04/2015 at 16:57 from. http://corporate.unitedutilities.com/documents/UUW_Climate_change_adaptation_report_FINAL.pdf.
89. Vitousek P.M., Howarth R.W. Nitrogen limitation on land and sea: how can it occur?. Biogeochemistry 1991, 13:87-115.
90. Vogt E., Braban C.F., Dragosits U., Theobald M.R., Billett M.F., Dore A.J., Tang Y.S., van Dijk N., Rees R.M., McDonald C., Murray S., Skiba U.M., Sutton M.A. Estimation of nitrogen budgets for contrasting catchments at the landscape scale. Biogeosciences 2013, 10:119-133.
91. Walling D.E., Webb B.W. Estimating the discharge of contaminants to coastal waters by rivers: some cautionary comments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 1985, 16(12):488-492.
92. Willett V.B., Reynolds B., Stevens P.A., Ormerod S.J., Jones D.L. Dissolved organic nitrogen regulation in freshwaters. J. Environ. Qual. 2004, 33:201-209.
93. Williams M.W., Hood E., Caine N. Role of organic nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle of a high-elevation catchment, Colorado Front Range. Water Resour. Res. 2001, 37(10):2569-2581.
94. Worrall F., Burt T. Predicting the future DOC flux from upland peat catchments. J. Hydrol. 2005, 300:126-139.
95. Worrall F., Burt T.P., Adamson J. Do nitrogen inputs stimulate dissolved organic carbon production in upland peat bogs?. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 2006, 20:GB3013. 10.1029/2005GB002524.
96. Worrall F., Burt T.P., Shedden R. Long terms records of riverine carbon flux. Biogeochemistry 2003, 64:165-178.
97. Worrall F., Harriman R., Evans C.D., Watts C., Adamson J., Neal C., Tipping E., Burt T.P., Grieve I., Montieth D., Naden P.S., Nisbet T., Reynolds B., Stevens P. Trends in dissolved organic carbon in UK rivers and lakes. Biogeochemistry 2004, 70(3):369-402.
98. Yesmin L., Gammack S.M., Sanger L.J., Cresser M.S. Impact of atmospheric N deposition on inorganic and organic N outputs in water draining from peat. Sci. Total Environ. 1995, 166:201-209.
99. Zak D.R., Holmes W.E., MacDonald N.W., Pregitzer K.S. Soil temperature, matric potential and the kinetics of microbial respiration and nitrogen mineralisation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 1999, 63:575-584.
100. Zogg G.P., Zak D.R., Ringelberg D.B., MacDonald N.W., Pregitzer K.S., White D.C. Compositional and functional shifts in microbial communities due to soil warming. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 1997, 61:475-481.