메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

High prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): A population based cross-sectional survey of NCDS and HIV infection in Northwestern Tanzania and Southern Uganda

Author keywords

Africa; diabetes mellitus; heart failure; HIV infection; hypertension; NCD risk factors; Non communicable diseases; obstructive pulmonary disease; WHO STEPS survey

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIVORCED PERSON; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH SURVEY; HEART FAILURE; HIV TEST; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; OBESITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; TANZANIA; UGANDA; URBAN POPULATION; WIDOWED PERSON; YOUNG ADULT; ADOLESCENT; AGED; ALCOHOLISM; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; HEALTH SERVICE; HIV INFECTIONS; MIDDLE AGED; NEEDS ASSESSMENT; OVERWEIGHT; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

EID: 84934905680     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17417015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0357-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (136)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 84857812197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growing danger of non-communicable diseases
    • Acting now to reverse course
    • The World Bank Human Development Network. The growing danger of non-communicable diseases. Acting now to reverse course. 2011. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/11/30/000386194_20111130023857/Rendered/PDF/657850WP0Box360C00WBDeepeningCrisis.pdf . Accessed 18 Aug 2014.
    • (2011)
  • 2
    • 79958766570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and projected prevalence of arterial hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa by sex, age and habitat: an estimate from population studies
    • Twagirumukiza M, De Bacquer D, Kips JG, de Backer G, Stichele RV, Van Bortel LM. Current and projected prevalence of arterial hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa by sex, age and habitat: an estimate from population studies. J Hypertens. 2011;29:1243-52.
    • (2011) J Hypertens , vol.29 , pp. 1243-1252
    • Twagirumukiza, M.1    Bacquer, D.2    Kips, J.G.3    Backer, G.4    Stichele, R.V.5    Bortel, L.M.6
  • 3
    • 84871281809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes atlas
    • Accessed 24 Sept 2013.
    • International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas 2012. http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/regional-overviews . Accessed 24 Sept 2013.
    • (2012)
  • 5
    • 84898049638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in ischemic heart disease burden by age, country, and income: the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 study
    • Moran AE, Tzong KY, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, Mensah GA, Ezzati M, et al. Variations in ischemic heart disease burden by age, country, and income: the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 study. Glob Heart. 2014;9:91-9.
    • (2014) Glob Heart , vol.9 , pp. 91-99
    • Moran, A.E.1    Tzong, K.Y.2    Forouzanfar, M.H.3    Roth, G.A.4    Mensah, G.A.5    Ezzati, M.6
  • 7
    • 51249104751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the prevention and management of chronic disease in low-income and middle-income countries: a priority for primary health care
    • Beaglehole R, Epping-Jordan J, Patel V, Chopra M, Ebrahim S, Kidd M, et al. Improving the prevention and management of chronic disease in low-income and middle-income countries: a priority for primary health care. Lancet. 2008;372:940-9.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 940-949
    • Beaglehole, R.1    Epping-Jordan, J.2    Patel, V.3    Chopra, M.4    Ebrahim, S.5    Kidd, M.6
  • 8
    • 79958806455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in 22 African countries: results from the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance
    • Guthold R, Louazani SA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Bovet P, Damasceno A, et al. Physical activity in 22 African countries: results from the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41:52-60.
    • (2011) Am J Prev Med , vol.41 , pp. 52-60
    • Guthold, R.1    Louazani, S.A.2    Riley, L.M.3    Cowan, M.J.4    Bovet, P.5    Damasceno, A.6
  • 9
    • 84864071115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects
    • Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380:247-57.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 247-257
    • Hallal, P.C.1    Andersen, L.B.2    Bull, F.C.3    Guthold, R.4    Haskell, W.5    Ekelund, U.6
  • 10
    • 38749122500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological and nutrition transition in developing countries: impact on human health and development
    • Amuna P, Zotor FB. Epidemiological and nutrition transition in developing countries: impact on human health and development. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67:82-90. doi:10.1017/S0029665108006058.
    • (2008) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.67 , pp. 82-90
    • Amuna, P.1    Zotor, F.B.2
  • 11
    • 0034110341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal nutrition and adult disease
    • Godfrey KM, Barker DJ. Fetal nutrition and adult disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1344s-52s.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71 , pp. 1344s-1352s
    • Godfrey, K.M.1    Barker, D.J.2
  • 12
    • 84871098580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • Wang H, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Lofgren KT, Rajaratnam JK, Marcus JR, Levin-Rector A, et al. Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2071-94.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2071-2094
    • Wang, H.1    Dwyer-Lindgren, L.2    Lofgren, K.T.3    Rajaratnam, J.K.4    Marcus, J.R.5    Levin-Rector, A.6
  • 13
    • 84866641736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive lung disease and exposure to burning biomass fuel in the indoor environment
    • Diette GB, Accinelli RA, Balmes JR, Buist AS, Checkley W, Garbe P, et al. Obstructive lung disease and exposure to burning biomass fuel in the indoor environment. Glob Heart. 2012;7:265-70.
    • (2012) Glob Heart , vol.7 , pp. 265-270
    • Diette, G.B.1    Accinelli, R.A.2    Balmes, J.R.3    Buist, A.S.4    Checkley, W.5    Garbe, P.6
  • 15
    • 84875591354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The STEPS Instrument and Support Materials
    • Accessed 12 Jan
    • World Health Organisation. The STEPS Instrument and Support Materials. http://www.who.int/chp/steps/instrument/en/ . Accessed 12 Jan 2012.
    • (2012)
  • 16
    • 0027154845 scopus 로고
    • Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II
    • Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, Grant M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II. Addiction. 1993;88:791-804.
    • (1993) Addiction , vol.88 , pp. 791-804
    • Saunders, J.B.1    Aasland, O.G.2    Babor, T.F.3    Grant, M.4
  • 17
    • 84867743612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2011 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    • Accessed 15 Feb 2015.
    • 2011 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2011. http://www.goldcopd.org/uploads/users/files/GOLD_Report_2011_Feb21.pdf . Accessed 15 Feb 2015.
    • (2011)
  • 18
    • 0038314757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
    • U.S. Department of Health And Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Aceessed 15 Feb 2015.
    • National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. 2004. U.S. Department of Health And Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/jnc7full.pdf . Aceessed 15 Feb 2015.
    • (2004)
  • 19
    • 0015237841 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study
    • McKee PA, Castelli WP, McNamara PM, Kannel WB. The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. N Engl J Med. 1971;285:1441-6.
    • (1971) N Engl J Med , vol.285 , pp. 1441-1446
    • McKee, P.A.1    Castelli, W.P.2    McNamara, P.M.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 20
    • 80054781370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: Report of a WHO expert consultation
    • Accessed 18 Oct 2014.
    • World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: Report of a WHO expert consultation. 2011. http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_report_waistcircumference:and_waisthip_ratio/en/ . Accessed 18 Oct 2014.
    • (2011)
  • 22
    • 0030969748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach
    • Victora CG, Huttly SR, Fuchs SC, Olinto MT. The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26:224-7.
    • (1997) Int J Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 224-227
    • Victora, C.G.1    Huttly, S.R.2    Fuchs, S.C.3    Olinto, M.T.4
  • 23
    • 36448953032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
    • Addo J, Smeeth L, Leon DA. Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2007;50:1012-8.
    • (2007) Hypertension , vol.50 , pp. 1012-1018
    • Addo, J.1    Smeeth, L.2    Leon, D.A.3
  • 24
    • 84858031334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: cross-sectional surveys in four rural and urban communities
    • Hendriks ME, Wit FW, Roos MT, Brewster LM, Akande TM, de Beer IH, et al. Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: cross-sectional surveys in four rural and urban communities. PLoS One. 2012;7, e32638.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Hendriks, M.E.1    Wit, F.W.2    Roos, M.T.3    Brewster, L.M.4    Akande, T.M.5    Beer, I.H.6
  • 25
    • 84883328087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global brief on hypertension. World Health Day
    • Accessed 29 Oct 2014.
    • World Health Organisation. A global brief on hypertension. World Health Day 2013. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79059/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2013.2_eng.pdf?ua=1 . Accessed 29 Oct 2014.
    • (2013)
  • 26
    • 80655149498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of population factors to estimation of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence trends: a cohort study in rural Uganda, 1989-2007
    • Shafer LA, Maher D, Weiss HA, Levin J, Biraro S, Grosskurth H. Contribution of population factors to estimation of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence trends: a cohort study in rural Uganda, 1989-2007. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174:1175-82.
    • (2011) Am J Epidemiol , vol.174 , pp. 1175-1182
    • Shafer, L.A.1    Maher, D.2    Weiss, H.A.3    Levin, J.4    Biraro, S.5    Grosskurth, H.6
  • 27
    • 84875606055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global AIDS Progress Report
    • Accessed 18 Oct 2014.
    • Uganda AIDS Commission. Global AIDS Progress Report. 2012. http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce:UG_Narrative_Report%5B1%5D.pdf . Accessed 18 Oct 2014.
    • (2012)
  • 28
    • 84934966620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Tanzania]. 2011-12 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey (THMIS)
    • Accessed 18 Oct 2014.
    • National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania]. 2011-12 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey (THMIS). http://nbs.go.tz/takwimu/this2012/HIVFactsheetbyRegion.pdf . Accessed 18 Oct 2014.
  • 29
    • 79956342718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of selected chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Malawi: nationwide STEPS survey
    • Msyamboza KP, Ngwira B, Dzowela T, Mvula C, Kathyola D, Harries AD, et al. The burden of selected chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Malawi: nationwide STEPS survey. PLoS One. 2011;6, e20316.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Msyamboza, K.P.1    Ngwira, B.2    Dzowela, T.3    Mvula, C.4    Kathyola, D.5    Harries, A.D.6
  • 30
    • 84883539319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure gradients and cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural populations in Abia State south eastern Nigeria using the WHO STEPwise approach
    • Okpechi IG, Chukwuonye II, Tiffin N, Madukwe OO, Onyeonoro UU, Umeizudike TI, et al. Blood pressure gradients and cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural populations in Abia State south eastern Nigeria using the WHO STEPwise approach. PLoS One. 2013;8, e73403.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8
    • Okpechi, I.G.1    Chukwuonye, I.I.2    Tiffin, N.3    Madukwe, O.O.4    Onyeonoro, U.U.5    Umeizudike, T.I.6
  • 31
    • 84894076262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and overweight/obesity in Ghanaians and Nigerians living inWest Africa and industrialized countries: a systematic review
    • Commodore-Mensah Y, Samuel LJ, Dennison-Himmelfarb CR, Agyemang C. Hypertension and overweight/obesity in Ghanaians and Nigerians living inWest Africa and industrialized countries: a systematic review. J Hypertens. 2014;32:464-72.
    • (2014) J Hypertens , vol.32 , pp. 464-472
    • Commodore-Mensah, Y.1    Samuel, L.J.2    Dennison-Himmelfarb, C.R.3    Agyemang, C.4
  • 32
    • 84876258196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Uganda
    • Musinguzi G, Nuwaha F. Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Uganda. PLoS One. 2013;8, e62236.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8
    • Musinguzi, G.1    Nuwaha, F.2
  • 33
    • 77958088160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity-related hypertension: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management
    • Kotchen TA. Obesity-related hypertension: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23:1170-8.
    • (2010) Am J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 1170-1178
    • Kotchen, T.A.1
  • 34
    • 84899553244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between obesity and selected morbidities: a study of BRICS countries
    • Shukla A, Kumar K, Singh A. Association between obesity and selected morbidities: a study of BRICS countries. PLoS One. 2014;9, e94433. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094433.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9
    • Shukla, A.1    Kumar, K.2    Singh, A.3
  • 35
    • 84889832097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and awareness of hypertension in a rural Ugandan community: a cross-sectional study
    • Kotwani P, Kwarisiima D, Clark TD, Kabami J, Geng EH, Jain V, et al. Epidemiology and awareness of hypertension in a rural Ugandan community: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1151.
    • (2013) BMC Public Health , vol.13 , pp. 1151
    • Kotwani, P.1    Kwarisiima, D.2    Clark, T.D.3    Kabami, J.4    Geng, E.H.5    Jain, V.6
  • 36
    • 0023204243 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and precursors of hypertension in young adults: the Framingham Offspring Study
    • Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, Stokes III J, Castelli WP. Incidence and precursors of hypertension in young adults: the Framingham Offspring Study. Prev Med. 1987;16:235-51.
    • (1987) Prev Med , vol.16 , pp. 235-251
    • Garrison, R.J.1    Kannel, W.B.2    Stokes, J.3    Castelli, W.P.4
  • 39
    • 84884650569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dietary salt and potassium intake in cardiovascular health and disease: a review of the evidence
    • Aaron KJ, Sanders PW. Role of dietary salt and potassium intake in cardiovascular health and disease: a review of the evidence. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:987-95. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.005.
    • (2013) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.88 , pp. 987-995
    • Aaron, K.J.1    Sanders, P.W.2
  • 40
    • 80053907554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk
    • International Consortium for Blood Pressure Genome-Wide Association Studies. Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk. Nature. 2011;478:103-9.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.478 , pp. 103-109
  • 41
    • 0028135584 scopus 로고
    • Night blood pressure and cigarette smoking: disparate association in healthy subjects and diabetic patients
    • Hansen KW, Pedersen MM, Christiansen JS, Mogensen CE. Night blood pressure and cigarette smoking: disparate association in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. Blood Press. 1994;3:381-8.
    • (1994) Blood Press , vol.3 , pp. 381-388
    • Hansen, K.W.1    Pedersen, M.M.2    Christiansen, J.S.3    Mogensen, C.E.4
  • 42
    • 0035092618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between smoking and blood pressure evidence from the health survey for England
    • Primatesta P, Falaschetti E, Gupta S, Marmot MG, Poulter NR. Association between smoking and blood pressure evidence from the health survey for England. Hypertension. 2001;37:187-93.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.37 , pp. 187-193
    • Primatesta, P.1    Falaschetti, E.2    Gupta, S.3    Marmot, M.G.4    Poulter, N.R.5
  • 43
    • 84934961052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STEPS survey Tanzania - 2012. Fact Sheet.
    • Accessed 29 Oct 2014.
    • World Health Organisation. STEPS survey Tanzania - 2012. Fact Sheet. http://www.who.int/chp/steps/UR_Tanzania_FactSheet_2012.pdf . Accessed 29 Oct 2014.
  • 44
    • 79960561758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes in Sub Saharan Africa 1999-2011: epidemiology and public health implications. A systematic review
    • Hall V, Thomsen RW, Henriksen O, Lohse N. Diabetes in Sub Saharan Africa 1999-2011: epidemiology and public health implications. A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:564.
    • (2011) BMC Public Health , vol.11 , pp. 564
    • Hall, V.1    Thomsen, R.W.2    Henriksen, O.3    Lohse, N.4
  • 45
    • 64749116945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Ntusi NB, Mayosi BM. Epidemiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2009;7:169-80. doi: 10.1586/14779072.7.2.169.
    • (2009) Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther , vol.7 , pp. 169-180
    • Ntusi, N.B.1    Mayosi, B.M.2
  • 46
    • 84867370710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The causes, treatment, and outcome of acute heart failure in 1006 Africans from 9 countries: results of the sub-Saharan Africa survey of heart failure
    • Damasceno A, Mayosi BM, Sani M, Ogah OS, Mondo C, Ojji D, et al. The causes, treatment, and outcome of acute heart failure in 1006 Africans from 9 countries: results of the sub-Saharan Africa survey of heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1386-94.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med , vol.172 , pp. 1386-1394
    • Damasceno, A.1    Mayosi, B.M.2    Sani, M.3    Ogah, O.S.4    Mondo, C.5    Ojji, D.6
  • 47
    • 78649966248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belief systems of epilepsy and attitudes toward people living with epilepsy in a rural community of northern Tanzania
    • Winkler AS, Mayer M, Schnaitmann S, Ombay M, Mathias B, Schmutzhard E, et al. Belief systems of epilepsy and attitudes toward people living with epilepsy in a rural community of northern Tanzania. Epilepsy Behav. 2010;19:596-601.
    • (2010) Epilepsy Behav , vol.19 , pp. 596-601
    • Winkler, A.S.1    Mayer, M.2    Schnaitmann, S.3    Ombay, M.4    Mathias, B.5    Schmutzhard, E.6
  • 48
    • 79951677618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social-cultural aspects of epilepsy in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania: knowledge and experience among patients and carers
    • Mushi D, Hunter E, Mtuya C, Mshana G, Aris E, Walker R. Social-cultural aspects of epilepsy in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania: knowledge and experience among patients and carers. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;20:338-43.
    • (2011) Epilepsy Behav , vol.20 , pp. 338-343
    • Mushi, D.1    Hunter, E.2    Mtuya, C.3    Mshana, G.4    Aris, E.5    Walker, R.6
  • 49
    • 84875596904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and associated risk factors: cross-sectional and case-control studies
    • Ngugi AK, Bottomley C, Kleinschmidt I, Wagner RG, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Ae-Ngibise K, et al. Prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and associated risk factors: cross-sectional and case-control studies. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:253-63.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 253-263
    • Ngugi, A.K.1    Bottomley, C.2    Kleinschmidt, I.3    Wagner, R.G.4    Kakooza-Mwesige, A.5    Ae-Ngibise, K.6
  • 51
    • 77956627427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Tuei VC, Maiyoh GK, Ha CE. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2010;26:433-45.
    • (2010) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.26 , pp. 433-445
    • Tuei, V.C.1    Maiyoh, G.K.2    Ha, C.E.3
  • 52
    • 84883810271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social valorisation of stoutness as a determinant of obesity in the context of nutritional transition in Cameroon: the Bamiléké case
    • Cohen E, Boetsch G, Palstra F, Pasquet P. Social valorisation of stoutness as a determinant of obesity in the context of nutritional transition in Cameroon: the Bamiléké case. Soc Sci Med. 2013;96:24-32.
    • (2013) Soc Sci Med , vol.96 , pp. 24-32
    • Cohen, E.1    Boetsch, G.2    Palstra, F.3    Pasquet, P.4
  • 53
    • 77951642624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions about body image and sizes among Black African girls living in Cape Town
    • Puoane T, Tsolekile L, Steyn N. Perceptions about body image and sizes among Black African girls living in Cape Town. Ethn Dis. 2010;20:29-34.
    • (2010) Ethn Dis , vol.20 , pp. 29-34
    • Puoane, T.1    Tsolekile, L.2    Steyn, N.3
  • 54
    • 67649365942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affordability, availability and acceptability barriers to health care for the chronically ill: longitudinal case studies from South Africa
    • Goudge J, Gilson L, Russell S, Gumede T, Mills A. Affordability, availability and acceptability barriers to health care for the chronically ill: longitudinal case studies from South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:75.
    • (2009) BMC Health Serv Res , vol.9 , pp. 75
    • Goudge, J.1    Gilson, L.2    Russell, S.3    Gumede, T.4    Mills, A.5
  • 55
    • 84899620656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparedness of Tanzanian health facilities for outpatient primary care of hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional survey
    • Peck R, Mghamba J, Vanobberghen F, Kavishe B, Rugarabamu V, Smeeth L, et al. Preparedness of Tanzanian health facilities for outpatient primary care of hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2:e285-92.
    • (2014) Lancet Glob Health , vol.2 , pp. e285-e292
    • Peck, R.1    Mghamba, J.2    Vanobberghen, F.3    Kavishe, B.4    Rugarabamu, V.5    Smeeth, L.6
  • 56
    • 84900001007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing linkage and retention to hypertension care in rural Kenya (LARK hypertension study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    • Vedanthan R, Kamano JH, Naanyu V, Delong AK, Were MC, Finkelstein EA, et al. Optimizing linkage and retention to hypertension care in rural Kenya (LARK hypertension study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014;15:143.
    • (2014) Trials , vol.15 , pp. 143
    • Vedanthan, R.1    Kamano, J.H.2    Naanyu, V.3    Delong, A.K.4    Were, M.C.5    Finkelstein, E.A.6
  • 57
    • 0021983786 scopus 로고
    • Sick individuals and sick populations
    • Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol. 1985;14:32-8.
    • (1985) Int J Epidemiol , vol.14 , pp. 32-38
    • Rose, G.1
  • 58
    • 79961060508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global status report on noncommunicable diseases
    • Geneva: World Health Organisation
    • World Health Organisation. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases. Geneva: World Health Organisation. 2010.
    • (2010)
  • 59
    • 81255140447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political declaration of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
    • New York
    • United Nations. Political declaration of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. New York: 2011.
    • (2011)
  • 60
    • 67651033719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in death rates from tobacco-related cardiovascular diseases in selected US states differing in tobacco-control efforts
    • Polednak AP. Trends in death rates from tobacco-related cardiovascular diseases in selected US states differing in tobacco-control efforts. Epidemiology. 2009;20:542-6.
    • (2009) Epidemiology , vol.20 , pp. 542-546
    • Polednak, A.P.1
  • 61
    • 80755140585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A time-series analysis of alcohol tax policy in relation to mortality from alcohol attributed causes in Taiwan
    • Lin CM, Liao CM, Li CY. A time-series analysis of alcohol tax policy in relation to mortality from alcohol attributed causes in Taiwan. J Community Health. 2011;36:986-91.
    • (2011) J Community Health , vol.36 , pp. 986-991
    • Lin, C.M.1    Liao, C.M.2    Li, C.Y.3
  • 62
    • 84872138627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: a systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes
    • Powell LM, Chriqui JF, Khan T, Wada R, Chaloupka FJ. Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: a systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes. Obes Rev. 2013;14:110-28.
    • (2013) Obes Rev , vol.14 , pp. 110-128
    • Powell, L.M.1    Chriqui, J.F.2    Khan, T.3    Wada, R.4    Chaloupka, F.J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.