메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 241, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 597-606

Screening and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia - Lessons from the past and opportunities for the future (based on the Anitschkow Lecture 2014)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol treatment; Familial hypercholesterolemia; Screening

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN INHIBITOR; EZETIMIBE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MICROSOMAL TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN INHIBITOR; PCSK9 INHIBITOR; SQUALENE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; THYROXIN RECEPTOR AGONIST; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; CARRIER PROTEIN; CETP PROTEIN, HUMAN; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; MICROSOMAL TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; PCSK9 PROTEIN, HUMAN; SERINE PROTEINASE;

EID: 84934903236     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: 18791484     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.011     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (37)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 84982342905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xanthomata, hypercholesterolemia, angina pectoris
    • Müller C. Xanthomata, hypercholesterolemia, angina pectoris. Acta Med. Scand. 2009, 95:75-84. 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1938.tb19279.x.
    • (2009) Acta Med. Scand. , vol.95 , pp. 75-84
    • Müller, C.1
  • 2
    • 0022549920 scopus 로고
    • Areceptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis
    • 80.
    • Brown M.S., Goldstein J.L. Areceptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science 1986, 232:34-47. 80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3513311.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 34-47
    • Brown, M.S.1    Goldstein, J.L.2
  • 3
  • 4
    • 84864602990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk in relation to functionality of sequence variants in the gene coding for the low-density lipoprotein receptor: a study among 29,365 individuals tested for 64 specific low-density lipoprotein-receptor sequence variants
    • Huijgen R., Kindt I., Defesche J.C., Kastelein J.J.P. Cardiovascular risk in relation to functionality of sequence variants in the gene coding for the low-density lipoprotein receptor: a study among 29,365 individuals tested for 64 specific low-density lipoprotein-receptor sequence variants. Eur. Heart J. 2012, 33:2325-2330. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs038.
    • (2012) Eur. Heart J. , vol.33 , pp. 2325-2330
    • Huijgen, R.1    Kindt, I.2    Defesche, J.C.3    Kastelein, J.J.P.4
  • 5
    • 78449281377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials
    • Baigent C., Blackwell L., Emberson J., Holland L.E., Reith C., Bhala N., et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010, 376:1670-1681. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 1670-1681
    • Baigent, C.1    Blackwell, L.2    Emberson, J.3    Holland, L.E.4    Reith, C.5    Bhala, N.6
  • 6
    • 0036607353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost effectiveness analysis of different approaches of screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia
    • (accessed 24.10.14).
    • Marks D., Wonderling D., Thorogood M., Lambert H., Humphries S.E., Neil H.A.W. Cost effectiveness analysis of different approaches of screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia. BMJ 2002, 324:1303. (accessed 24.10.14). http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=113765%26tool=pmcentrez%26rendertype=abstract.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 1303
    • Marks, D.1    Wonderling, D.2    Thorogood, M.3    Lambert, H.4    Humphries, S.E.5    Neil, H.A.W.6
  • 7
    • 0037347780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing costs and benefits over a 10 year period of strategies for familial hypercholesterolaemia screening
    • Marks D., Thorogood M., Neil H.a.W., Wonderling D., Humphries S.E. Comparing costs and benefits over a 10 year period of strategies for familial hypercholesterolaemia screening. J.Public Health (Bangkok) 2003, 25:47-52. 10.1093/pubmed/fdg010.
    • (2003) J.Public Health (Bangkok) , vol.25 , pp. 47-52
    • Marks, D.1    Thorogood, M.2    Neil, H.A.W.3    Wonderling, D.4    Humphries, S.E.5
  • 9
    • 0035915685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of first 5 years of screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands
    • Umans-Eckenhausen M.a, Defesche J.C., Sijbrands E.J., Scheerder R.L., Kastelein J.J. Review of first 5 years of screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands. Lancet 2001, 357:165-168. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03587-X.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 165-168
    • Umans-Eckenhausen, M.A.1    Defesche, J.C.2    Sijbrands, E.J.3    Scheerder, R.L.4    Kastelein, J.J.5
  • 10
    • 77049105368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cholesterol lowering treatment of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a large cross-sectional study in The Netherlands
    • Pijlman A., Huijgen R., Verhagen S.N., Imholz B.P.M., Liem a H., Kastelein J.J.P., et al. Evaluation of cholesterol lowering treatment of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a large cross-sectional study in The Netherlands. Atherosclerosis 2010, 209:189-194. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.09.014.
    • (2010) Atherosclerosis , vol.209 , pp. 189-194
    • Pijlman, A.1    Huijgen, R.2    Verhagen, S.N.3    Imholz, B.P.M.4    Liem, A.H.5    Kastelein, J.J.P.6
  • 11
    • 84934993207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poster abstract - predicting the presence of a mutation resulting in familial hypercholesterolemia - development of a prediction model in a cohort of 64,000 subjects
    • A16172.
    • Besseling J., Reitsma J.B., Hovingh G.K., Hutten B.A. Poster abstract - predicting the presence of a mutation resulting in familial hypercholesterolemia - development of a prediction model in a cohort of 64,000 subjects. Circulation 2014, I30. A16172. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/130/Suppl_2/A16172.abstract?sid=f32cf69d-7e45-48ac-9083-2df7250c740a.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.I30
    • Besseling, J.1    Reitsma, J.B.2    Hovingh, G.K.3    Hutten, B.A.4
  • 12
    • 84924366648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homozygous autosomal dominant hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands: prevalence, genotype-phenotype relationship, and clinical outcome
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Sjouke B., Kusters D.M., Kindt I., Besseling J., Defesche J.C., Sijbrands E.J.G., et al. Homozygous autosomal dominant hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands: prevalence, genotype-phenotype relationship, and clinical outcome. Eur. Heart J. 2014, [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu058.
    • (2014) Eur. Heart J.
    • Sjouke, B.1    Kusters, D.M.2    Kindt, I.3    Besseling, J.4    Defesche, J.C.5    Sijbrands, E.J.G.6
  • 13
    • 55749088063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductions in all-cause, cancer, and coronary mortality in statin-treated patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a prospective registry study
    • Neil A., Cooper J., Betteridge J., Capps N., McDowell I., Durrington P., et al. Reductions in all-cause, cancer, and coronary mortality in statin-treated patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a prospective registry study. Eur. Heart J. 2008, 29:2625-2633. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn422.
    • (2008) Eur. Heart J. , vol.29 , pp. 2625-2633
    • Neil, A.1    Cooper, J.2    Betteridge, J.3    Capps, N.4    McDowell, I.5    Durrington, P.6
  • 14
    • 84912082301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the burden of disease and death from familial hypercholesterolemia: a call to action
    • Knowles J.W., O'Brien E.C., Greendale K., Wilemon K., Genest J., Sperling L.S., et al. Reducing the burden of disease and death from familial hypercholesterolemia: a call to action. Am. Heart J. 2014, 168:807-811. 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.09.001.
    • (2014) Am. Heart J. , vol.168 , pp. 807-811
    • Knowles, J.W.1    O'Brien, E.C.2    Greendale, K.3    Wilemon, K.4    Genest, J.5    Sperling, L.S.6
  • 15
    • 0016373413 scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery disease in 116 kindred with familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia
    • (accessed 4.12.14)
    • Stone N.J., Levy R.I., Fredrickson D.S., Verter J. Coronary artery disease in 116 kindred with familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Circulation 1974, 49:476-488. (accessed 4.12.14). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4813182.
    • (1974) Circulation , vol.49 , pp. 476-488
    • Stone, N.J.1    Levy, R.I.2    Fredrickson, D.S.3    Verter, J.4
  • 16
    • 0025944056 scopus 로고
    • Risk of fatal coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Scientific steering committee on behalf of the simon broome register group
    • (accessed 24.10.14)
    • Risk of fatal coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Scientific steering committee on behalf of the simon broome register group. BMJ 1991, 303:893-896. (accessed 24.10.14). http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1671226%26tool=pmcentrez%26rendertype=abstract.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 893-896
  • 17
    • 84924358878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between familial hypercholesterolemia and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Besseling J., Kastelein J.J.P., Defesche J.C., Hutten B.A., Hovingh G.K. Association between familial hypercholesterolemia and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J.Am. Med. Assoc. 2015, 313(10):1029-1035. 10.1001/jama.2015.1206.
    • (2015) J.Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.313 , Issue.10 , pp. 1029-1035
    • Besseling, J.1    Kastelein, J.J.P.2    Defesche, J.C.3    Hutten, B.A.4    Hovingh, G.K.5
  • 18
    • 77950174523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two years after molecular diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia: majority on cholesterol-lowering treatment but a minority reaches treatment goal
    • Huijgen R., Kindt I., Verhoeven S.B.J., Sijbrands E.J.G., Vissers M.N., Kastelein J.J.P., et al. Two years after molecular diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia: majority on cholesterol-lowering treatment but a minority reaches treatment goal. PLoS One 2010, 5:e9220. 10.1371/journal.pone.0009220.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5 , pp. e9220
    • Huijgen, R.1    Kindt, I.2    Verhoeven, S.B.J.3    Sijbrands, E.J.G.4    Vissers, M.N.5    Kastelein, J.J.P.6
  • 19
    • 84901591020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eprotirome in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (the AKKA trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study
    • Sjouke B., Langslet G., Ceska R., Nicholls S.J., Nissen S.E., Öhlander M., et al. Eprotirome in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (the AKKA trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014, 2:455-463. 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70006-3.
    • (2014) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. , vol.2 , pp. 455-463
    • Sjouke, B.1    Langslet, G.2    Ceska, R.3    Nicholls, S.J.4    Nissen, S.E.5    Öhlander, M.6
  • 20
    • 84930088585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anacetrapib as lipid-modifying therapy in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (REALIZE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
    • Kastelein J.J.P., Besseling J., Shah S., Bergeron J., Langslet G., Hovingh G.K., et al. Anacetrapib as lipid-modifying therapy in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (REALIZE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet 2015, 6736:1-9. 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62115-2.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.6736 , pp. 1-9
    • Kastelein, J.J.P.1    Besseling, J.2    Shah, S.3    Bergeron, J.4    Langslet, G.5    Hovingh, G.K.6
  • 21
    • 79960205374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European society of cardiology (ESC) and the European atherosclerosis society (EAS)
    • Catapano A.L., Reiner Z., De Backer G., Graham I., Taskinen M.-R., Wiklund O., et al. ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European society of cardiology (ESC) and the European atherosclerosis society (EAS). Atherosclerosis 2011, 217(Suppl.l):S1-S44. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.012.
    • (2011) Atherosclerosis , vol.217 , Issue.SUPPL.l , pp. S1-S44
    • Catapano, A.L.1    Reiner, Z.2    De Backer, G.3    Graham, I.4    Taskinen, M.-R.5    Wiklund, O.6
  • 22
    • 84890461947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European atherosclerosis Society
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Nordestgaard B.G., Chapman M.J., Humphries S.E., Ginsberg H.N., Masana L., Descamps O.S., et al. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European atherosclerosis Society. Eur. Heart J. 2013, [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1093/eurheartj/eht273.
    • (2013) Eur. Heart J.
    • Nordestgaard, B.G.1    Chapman, M.J.2    Humphries, S.E.3    Ginsberg, H.N.4    Masana, L.5    Descamps, O.S.6
  • 23
    • 0035941786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial
    • Smilde T.J., van Wissen S., Wollersheim H., Trip M.D., Kastelein J.J., Stalenhoef A.F. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001, 357:577-581.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 577-581
    • Smilde, T.J.1    van Wissen, S.2    Wollersheim, H.3    Trip, M.D.4    Kastelein, J.J.5    Stalenhoef, A.F.6
  • 24
    • 0346962889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating to new targets (TNT) Study: does lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below currently recommended guidelines yield incremental clinical benefit?
    • Waters D.D., Guyton J.R., Herrington D.M., McGowan M.P., Wenger N.K., Shear C. Treating to new targets (TNT) Study: does lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below currently recommended guidelines yield incremental clinical benefit?. Am. J. Cardiol. 2004, 93:154-158.
    • (2004) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.93 , pp. 154-158
    • Waters, D.D.1    Guyton, J.R.2    Herrington, D.M.3    McGowan, M.P.4    Wenger, N.K.5    Shear, C.6
  • 25
    • 84934932312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trial summary improve-it
    • Kuhmbani D.J. Trial summary improve-it. Trial Summ. 2014, http://www.cardiosource.org/Science-And-Quality/Clinical-Trials/I/IMPROVE-IT.aspx.
    • (2014) Trial Summ.
    • Kuhmbani, D.J.1
  • 26
    • 84902576469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines
    • Stone N.J., Robinson J.G., Lichtenstein A.H., Bairey Merz C.N., Blum C.B., Eckel R.H., et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. JACC 2013, 63:2889-2934. 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002.
    • (2013) JACC , vol.63 , pp. 2889-2934
    • Stone, N.J.1    Robinson, J.G.2    Lichtenstein, A.H.3    Bairey Merz, C.N.4    Blum, C.B.5    Eckel, R.H.6
  • 27
    • 84931028781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality among patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a registry-based study in norway, 1992-2010
    • Mundal L., Sarancic M., Ose L., Iversen P.O., Borgan J.-K., Veierød M.B., et al. Mortality among patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a registry-based study in norway, 1992-2010. J.Am. Heart Assoc. 2014, 3:1-9. 10.1161/JAHA.114.001236.
    • (2014) J.Am. Heart Assoc. , vol.3 , pp. 1-9
    • Mundal, L.1    Sarancic, M.2    Ose, L.3    Iversen, P.O.4    Borgan, J.-K.5    Veierød, M.B.6
  • 28
    • 0032500649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a form of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase specific to liver and intestine in nonhuman primates
    • Anderson R.A., Joyce C., Davis M., Reagan J.W., Clark M., Shelness G.S., et al. Identification of a form of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase specific to liver and intestine in nonhuman primates. J.Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:26747-26754. 10.1074/jbc.273.41.26747.
    • (1998) J.Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 26747-26754
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Joyce, C.2    Davis, M.3    Reagan, J.W.4    Clark, M.5    Shelness, G.S.6
  • 29
    • 33746082034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • And then there were acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl transferase inhibitors
    • Meuwese M.C., Franssen R., Stroes E.S.G., Kastelein J.J.P. And then there were acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl transferase inhibitors. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2006, 17:426-430. 10.1097/01.mol.0000236369.50378.6e.
    • (2006) Curr. Opin. Lipidol. , vol.17 , pp. 426-430
    • Meuwese, M.C.1    Franssen, R.2    Stroes, E.S.G.3    Kastelein, J.J.P.4
  • 30
    • 0034529633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and gallstone formation in ACAT2-deficient mice
    • Buhman K.K., Accad M., Novak S., Choi R.S., Wong J.S., Hamilton R.L., et al. Resistance to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and gallstone formation in ACAT2-deficient mice. Nat. Med. 2000, 6:1341-1347. 10.1038/82153.
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 1341-1347
    • Buhman, K.K.1    Accad, M.2    Novak, S.3    Choi, R.S.4    Wong, J.S.5    Hamilton, R.L.6
  • 31
    • 7044235261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACAT2 deficiency limits cholesterol absorption in the cholesterol-fed mouse: Impact on hepatic cholesterol homeostasis
    • Repa J.J., Buhman K.K., Farese R.V., Dietschy J.M., Turley S.D. ACAT2 deficiency limits cholesterol absorption in the cholesterol-fed mouse: Impact on hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. Hepatology 2004, 40:1088-1097. 10.1002/hep.20439.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.40 , pp. 1088-1097
    • Repa, J.J.1    Buhman, K.K.2    Farese, R.V.3    Dietschy, J.M.4    Turley, S.D.5
  • 32
    • 0034965751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and short-term safety of a new ACAT inhibitor, avasimibe, on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins, in patients with combined hyperlipidemia
    • Insull W., Koren M., Davignon J., Sprecher D., Schrott H., Keilson L.M., et al. Efficacy and short-term safety of a new ACAT inhibitor, avasimibe, on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins, in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis 2001, 157:137-144. 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00615-8.
    • (2001) Atherosclerosis , vol.157 , pp. 137-144
    • Insull, W.1    Koren, M.2    Davignon, J.3    Sprecher, D.4    Schrott, H.5    Keilson, L.M.6
  • 33
    • 0344896639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avasimibe, an ACAT inhibitor, enhances the lipid lowering effect of atorvastatin in subjects with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Raal F.J., Marais A.D., Klepack E., Lovalvo J., McLain R., Heinonen T. Avasimibe, an ACAT inhibitor, enhances the lipid lowering effect of atorvastatin in subjects with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2003, 171:273-279. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.07.011.
    • (2003) Atherosclerosis , vol.171 , pp. 273-279
    • Raal, F.J.1    Marais, A.D.2    Klepack, E.3    Lovalvo, J.4    McLain, R.5    Heinonen, T.6
  • 34
    • 20844449696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor avasimibe on human atherosclerotic lesions
    • Tardif J.C., Grégoire J., L'Allier P.L., Anderson T.J., Bertrand O., Reeves F., et al. Effects of the acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor avasimibe on human atherosclerotic lesions. Circulation 2004, 110:3372-3377. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000147777.12010.EF.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 3372-3377
    • Tardif, J.C.1    Grégoire, J.2    L'Allier, P.L.3    Anderson, T.J.4    Bertrand, O.5    Reeves, F.6
  • 36
    • 62649118779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACAT inhibition and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: the CAPTIVATE randomized trial
    • Meuwese M.C., de Groot E., Duivenvoorden R., Trip M.D., Ose L., Maritz F.J., et al. ACAT inhibition and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: the CAPTIVATE randomized trial. J.Am. Med. Assoc. 2009, 301:1131-1139. 10.1001/jama.301.11.1131.
    • (2009) J.Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.301 , pp. 1131-1139
    • Meuwese, M.C.1    de Groot, E.2    Duivenvoorden, R.3    Trip, M.D.4    Ose, L.5    Maritz, F.J.6
  • 37
    • 0033827087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOLIPOPROTEIN B: mRNA editing, lipoprotein assembly, and presecretory degradation
    • Davidson N.O., Shelness G.S. APOLIPOPROTEIN B: mRNA editing, lipoprotein assembly, and presecretory degradation. Annu Rev. Nutr. 2000, 20:169-193. 10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.169.
    • (2000) Annu Rev. Nutr. , vol.20 , pp. 169-193
    • Davidson, N.O.1    Shelness, G.S.2
  • 38
    • 79955026955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antisense oligonucleotide reduction of apoB-ameliorated atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice
    • Mullick A.E., Fu W., Graham M.J., Lee R.G., Witchell D., Bell T.a, et al. Antisense oligonucleotide reduction of apoB-ameliorated atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. J.Lipid Res. 2011, 52:885-896. 10.1194/jlr.M011791.
    • (2011) J.Lipid Res. , vol.52 , pp. 885-896
    • Mullick, A.E.1    Fu, W.2    Graham, M.J.3    Lee, R.G.4    Witchell, D.5    Bell, T.A.6
  • 39
    • 84868518061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibition with mipomersen in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess efficacy and safety as add-on therapy in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Stein E.a, Dufour R., Gagne C., Gaudet D., East C., Donovan J.M., et al. Apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibition with mipomersen in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess efficacy and safety as add-on therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2012, 126:2283-2292. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.104125.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 2283-2292
    • Stein, E.A.1    Dufour, R.2    Gagne, C.3    Gaudet, D.4    East, C.5    Donovan, J.M.6
  • 40
    • 77949485460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, for lowering of LDL cholesterol concentrations in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Raal F.J., Santos R.D., Blom D.J., Marais a D., Charng M.-J., Cromwell W.C., et al. Mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, for lowering of LDL cholesterol concentrations in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010, 375:998-1006. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60284-X.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 998-1006
    • Raal, F.J.1    Santos, R.D.2    Blom, D.J.3    Marais, A.D.4    Charng, M.-J.5    Cromwell, W.C.6
  • 41
    • 84924415690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of mipomersen in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia: 2-year interim results of an open-label extension
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Santos R.D., Duell P.B., East C., Guyton J.R., Moriarty P.M., Chin W., et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of mipomersen in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia: 2-year interim results of an open-label extension. Eur. Heart J. 2013, [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1093/eurheartj/eht549.
    • (2013) Eur. Heart J.
    • Santos, R.D.1    Duell, P.B.2    East, C.3    Guyton, J.R.4    Moriarty, P.M.5    Chin, W.6
  • 42
    • 84888090979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, reduces atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia at high cardiovascular risk: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Thomas G.S., Cromwell W.C., Ali S., Chin W., Flaim J.D., Davidson M. Mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, reduces atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia at high cardiovascular risk: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. JACC 2013, 62:2178-2184. 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.081.
    • (2013) JACC , vol.62 , pp. 2178-2184
    • Thomas, G.S.1    Cromwell, W.C.2    Ali, S.3    Chin, W.4    Flaim, J.D.5    Davidson, M.6
  • 43
    • 84869039132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of mipomersen in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia receiving maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy
    • McGowan M.P., Tardif J.-C., Ceska R., Burgess L.J., Soran H., Gouni-Berthold I., et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of mipomersen in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia receiving maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy. PLoS One 2012, 7:e49006. 10.1371/journal.pone.0049006.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e49006
    • McGowan, M.P.1    Tardif, J.-C.2    Ceska, R.3    Burgess, L.J.4    Soran, H.5    Gouni-Berthold, I.6
  • 45
    • 84904663172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in mipomersen dosing regimen provide similar exposure with improved tolerability in randomized placebo-controlled study of healthy volunteers
    • Flaim J.D., Grundy J.S., Baker B.F., McGowan M.P., Kastelein J.J.P. Changes in mipomersen dosing regimen provide similar exposure with improved tolerability in randomized placebo-controlled study of healthy volunteers. J.Am. Heart Assoc. 2014, 3:e000560. 10.1161/JAHA.113.000560.
    • (2014) J.Am. Heart Assoc. , vol.3 , pp. e000560
    • Flaim, J.D.1    Grundy, J.S.2    Baker, B.F.3    McGowan, M.P.4    Kastelein, J.J.P.5
  • 46
    • 84884487596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Journey through cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition: from bench to bedside
    • Karalis I., Rensen P.C.N., Jukema J.W. Journey through cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition: from bench to bedside. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 2013, 6:360-366. 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000014.
    • (2013) Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes , vol.6 , pp. 360-366
    • Karalis, I.1    Rensen, P.C.N.2    Jukema, J.W.3
  • 47
    • 0034644214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits
    • Okamoto H., Yonemori F., Wakitani K., Minowa T., Maeda K., Shinkai H. Acholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits. Nature 2000, 406:203-207. 10.1038/35018119.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 203-207
    • Okamoto, H.1    Yonemori, F.2    Wakitani, K.3    Minowa, T.4    Maeda, K.5    Shinkai, H.6
  • 48
    • 0034925152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, high density lipoprotein and arterial disease
    • Barter P.J., Rye K.a Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, high density lipoprotein and arterial disease. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2001, 12:377-382. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11507321.
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Lipidol. , vol.12 , pp. 377-382
    • Barter, P.J.1    Rye, K.A.2
  • 49
    • 78549235583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of anacetrapib in patients with or at high risk for coronary heart disease
    • Cannon C.P., Shah S., Dansky H.M., Davidson M., Brinton E.a, Gotto A.M., et al. Safety of anacetrapib in patients with or at high risk for coronary heart disease. NEJM 2010, 363:2406-2415. 10.1056/NEJMoa1009744.
    • (2010) NEJM , vol.363 , pp. 2406-2415
    • Cannon, C.P.1    Shah, S.2    Dansky, H.M.3    Davidson, M.4    Brinton, E.A.5    Gotto, A.M.6
  • 50
    • 81255125373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial
    • Nicholls S.J., Brewer H.B., Kastelein J.J.P., Krueger K.A., Hu B., McErlean E., et al. Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. J.Am. Med. Assoc. 2011, 306:2099-2109. 10.1001/jama.2011.1649.
    • (2011) J.Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.306 , pp. 2099-2109
    • Nicholls, S.J.1    Brewer, H.B.2    Kastelein, J.J.P.3    Krueger, K.A.4    Hu, B.5    McErlean, E.6
  • 51
    • 84904252744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of extended-release niacin with Laropiprant in high-risk patients
    • Parish S., Tomson J., Wallendszus K., Craig M., Service C.T., Jiang L., et al. Effects of extended-release niacin with Laropiprant in high-risk patients. NEJM 2014, 371:203-212. 10.1056/NEJMoa1300955.
    • (2014) NEJM , vol.371 , pp. 203-212
    • Parish, S.1    Tomson, J.2    Wallendszus, K.3    Craig, M.4    Service, C.T.5    Jiang, L.6
  • 53
    • 34247241088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Kastelein J.J.P., van Leuven S.I., Burgess L., Evans G.W., Kuivenhoven J.A., Barter P.J., et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. NEJM 2007, 356:1620-1630. 10.1056/NEJMoa071359.
    • (2007) NEJM , vol.356 , pp. 1620-1630
    • Kastelein, J.J.P.1    van Leuven, S.I.2    Burgess, L.3    Evans, G.W.4    Kuivenhoven, J.A.5    Barter, P.J.6
  • 54
    • 84870045994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome
    • Schwartz G.G., Olsson A.G., Abt M., Ballantyne C.M., Barter P.J., Brumm J., et al. Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. NEJM 2012, 367:2089-2099. 10.1056/NEJMoa1206797.
    • (2012) NEJM , vol.367 , pp. 2089-2099
    • Schwartz, G.G.1    Olsson, A.G.2    Abt, M.3    Ballantyne, C.M.4    Barter, P.J.5    Brumm, J.6
  • 55
    • 84934924121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poster abstract - randomized evaluation of anacetrapib lipid-modifying therapy in patients with HeteroZygous familial HypercholesterolEmia (REALIZE study)
    • (REALIZE S.-P.
    • Kastelein J.J., Besseling J., Shah S., Bergeron J., Langslet G., Hovingh G.K., et al. Poster abstract - randomized evaluation of anacetrapib lipid-modifying therapy in patients with HeteroZygous familial HypercholesterolEmia (REALIZE study). Circulation 2014, I30. (REALIZE S.-P. abstract, A9613. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/130/Suppl_2/A9613.abstract?sid=4a3cc7ae-cd77-4efa-b3cb-8b9d9845cdae.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.I30
    • Kastelein, J.J.1    Besseling, J.2    Shah, S.3    Bergeron, J.4    Langslet, G.5    Hovingh, G.K.6
  • 56
    • 84938748425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition by TA-8995 inpatients with mild dyslipidemia (TULIP); a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Hovingh G.K., Kastelein J.J., van Deventer S.J., Round P., Ford J., Saleheen D., et al. Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition by TA-8995 inpatients with mild dyslipidemia (TULIP); a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2015, [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2015) Lancet
    • Hovingh, G.K.1    Kastelein, J.J.2    van Deventer, S.J.3    Round, P.4    Ford, J.5    Saleheen, D.6
  • 57
    • 84919343998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and incident cardiovascular events
    • Rohatgi A., Khera A., Berry J.D., Givens E.G., Ayers C.R., Wedin K.E., et al. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and incident cardiovascular events. NEJM 2014, 317:2383-2393. 10.1056/NEJMoa1409065.
    • (2014) NEJM , vol.317 , pp. 2383-2393
    • Rohatgi, A.1    Khera, A.2    Berry, J.D.3    Givens, E.G.4    Ayers, C.R.5    Wedin, K.E.6
  • 58
    • 0027428820 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and gene defects in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein associated with abetalipoproteinaemia
    • Sharp D., Blinderman L., Combs K.A., Kienzle B., Ricci B., Wager-Smith K., et al. Cloning and gene defects in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein associated with abetalipoproteinaemia. Nature 1993, 365:65-69. 10.1038/365065a0.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 65-69
    • Sharp, D.1    Blinderman, L.2    Combs, K.A.3    Kienzle, B.4    Ricci, B.5    Wager-Smith, K.6
  • 59
    • 0032561425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An MTP inhibitor that normalizes atherogenic lipoprotein levels in WHHL rabbits
    • Wetterau J.R., Gregg R.E., Harrity T.W., Arbeeny C., Cap M., Connolly F., et al. An MTP inhibitor that normalizes atherogenic lipoprotein levels in WHHL rabbits. Science 1998, 282:751-754. 10.1126/science.282.5389.751.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 751-754
    • Wetterau, J.R.1    Gregg, R.E.2    Harrity, T.W.3    Arbeeny, C.4    Cap, M.5    Connolly, F.6
  • 60
    • 33846151732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Cuchel M., Bloedon L.T., Szapary P.O., Kolansky D.M., Wolfe M.L., Sarkis A., et al. Inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in familial hypercholesterolemia. NEJM 2007, 356:148-156. 10.1056/NEJMoa061189.
    • (2007) NEJM , vol.356 , pp. 148-156
    • Cuchel, M.1    Bloedon, L.T.2    Szapary, P.O.3    Kolansky, D.M.4    Wolfe, M.L.5    Sarkis, A.6
  • 61
    • 84871945617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a single-arm, open-label, phase 3 study
    • Cuchel M., Meagher E.a, Toit Theron H.du, Blom D.J., Marais A.D., Hegele R.A., et al. Efficacy and safety of a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a single-arm, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet 2013, 381:40-46. 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61731-0.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 40-46
    • Cuchel, M.1    Meagher, E.A.2    Toit Theron, H.D.3    Blom, D.J.4    Marais, A.D.5    Hegele, R.A.6
  • 62
    • 84908131271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience of lomitapide therapy in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
    • Cuchel M., Blom D.J., Averna M.R. Clinical experience of lomitapide therapy in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Atheroscler 2014, (Suppl.15):33-45. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2014.07.005.
    • (2014) Atheroscler , Issue.SUPPL.15 , pp. 33-45
    • Cuchel, M.1    Blom, D.J.2    Averna, M.R.3
  • 63
    • 79960539641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)
    • Reiner Z., Catapano A.L., De Backer G., Graham I., Taskinen M.-R., Wiklund O., et al. ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur. Heart J. 2011, 32:1769-1818. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr158.
    • (2011) Eur. Heart J. , vol.32 , pp. 1769-1818
    • Reiner, Z.1    Catapano, A.L.2    De Backer, G.3    Graham, I.4    Taskinen, M.-R.5    Wiklund, O.6
  • 64
    • 84897584807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hypertriglyceridemia with pancreatitis: thirteen years' treatment with lomitapide
    • Sacks F.M., Stanesa M., Hegele R.a Severe hypertriglyceridemia with pancreatitis: thirteen years' treatment with lomitapide. J.Am. Med. Assoc. Intern. Med. 2014, 174:443-447. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13309.
    • (2014) J.Am. Med. Assoc. Intern. Med. , vol.174 , pp. 443-447
    • Sacks, F.M.1    Stanesa, M.2    Hegele, R.A.3
  • 66
    • 84904525083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living the PCSK9 adventure: from the identification of a new gene in familial hypercholesterolemia towards a potential new class of anticholesterol drugs
    • Abifadel M., Elbitar S., El Khoury P., Ghaleb Y., Chémaly M., Moussalli M.L., et al. Living the PCSK9 adventure: from the identification of a new gene in familial hypercholesterolemia towards a potential new class of anticholesterol drugs. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 2014, 16. 10.1007/s11883-014-0439-8.
    • (2014) Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. , vol.16
    • Abifadel, M.1    Elbitar, S.2    El Khoury, P.3    Ghaleb, Y.4    Chémaly, M.5    Moussalli, M.L.6
  • 67
    • 84868206496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of AMG 145 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers and hypercholesterolemic subjects on statins
    • Dias C.S., Shaywitz A.J., Wasserman S.M., Smith B.P., Gao B., Stolman D.S., et al. Effects of AMG 145 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers and hypercholesterolemic subjects on statins. J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012, 60:1888-1898. 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.986.
    • (2012) J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.60 , pp. 1888-1898
    • Dias, C.S.1    Shaywitz, A.J.2    Wasserman, S.M.3    Smith, B.P.4    Gao, B.5    Stolman, D.S.6
  • 68
    • 84869220345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibiti
    • Raal F., Scott R., Somaratne R., Bridges I., Li G., Wasserman S.M., et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibiti. Circulation 2012, 126:2408-2417. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.144055.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 2408-2417
    • Raal, F.1    Scott, R.2    Somaratne, R.3    Bridges, I.4    Li, G.5    Wasserman, S.M.6
  • 70
    • 84871326497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: the GAUSS randomized trial
    • Sullivan D., Olsson A.G., Scott R., Kim J.B., Xue A., Gebski V., et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: the GAUSS randomized trial. J.Am. Med. Assoc. 2012, 308:2497-2506. 10.1001/jama.2012.25790.
    • (2012) J.Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.308 , pp. 2497-2506
    • Sullivan, D.1    Olsson, A.G.2    Scott, R.3    Kim, J.B.4    Xue, A.5    Gebski, V.6
  • 71
    • 84870478439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in combination with a statin in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (LAPLACE-TIMI 57): a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 stu
    • Giugliano R.P., Desai N.R., Kohli P., Rogers W.J., Somaratne R., Huang F., et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in combination with a statin in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (LAPLACE-TIMI 57): a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 stu. Lancet 2012, 380:2007-2017. 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61770-X.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2007-2017
    • Giugliano, R.P.1    Desai, N.R.2    Kohli, P.3    Rogers, W.J.4    Somaratne, R.5    Huang, F.6
  • 72
    • 84902142901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-PCSK9 monotherapy for hypercholesterolemia: the MENDEL-2 randomized, controlled phase III clinical trial of evolocumab
    • Koren M.J., Lundqvist P., Bolognese M., Neutel J.M., Monsalvo M.L., Yang J., et al. Anti-PCSK9 monotherapy for hypercholesterolemia: the MENDEL-2 randomized, controlled phase III clinical trial of evolocumab. J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2014, 63:2531-2540. 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.018.
    • (2014) J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.63 , pp. 2531-2540
    • Koren, M.J.1    Lundqvist, P.2    Bolognese, M.3    Neutel, J.M.4    Monsalvo, M.L.5    Yang, J.6
  • 73
    • 84900303213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of evolocumab or ezetimibe added to moderate- or high-intensity statin therapy on LDL-C lowering in patients with hypercholesterolemia: the LAPLACE-2 randomized clinical trial
    • Robinson J.G., Nedergaard B.S., Rogers W.J., Fialkow J., Neutel J.M., Ramstad D., et al. Effect of evolocumab or ezetimibe added to moderate- or high-intensity statin therapy on LDL-C lowering in patients with hypercholesterolemia: the LAPLACE-2 randomized clinical trial. J.Am. Med. Assoc. 2014, 311:1870-1882. 10.1001/jama.2014.4030.
    • (2014) J.Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.311 , pp. 1870-1882
    • Robinson, J.G.1    Nedergaard, B.S.2    Rogers, W.J.3    Fialkow, J.4    Neutel, J.M.5    Ramstad, D.6
  • 74
    • 84921483643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Raal F.J., Stein E.a, Dufour R., Turner T., Civeira F., Burgess L., et al. PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2014, 6736:1-10. 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61399-4.
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.6736 , pp. 1-10
    • Raal, F.J.1    Stein, E.A.2    Dufour, R.3    Turner, T.4    Civeira, F.5    Burgess, L.6
  • 75
    • 84887164358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 monoclonal antibody, AMG 145, in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Stein E.A., Honarpour N., Wasserman S.M., Xu F., Scott R., Raal F.J. Effect of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 monoclonal antibody, AMG 145, in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 2013, 128:2113-2120. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004678.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.128 , pp. 2113-2120
    • Stein, E.A.1    Honarpour, N.2    Wasserman, S.M.3    Xu, F.4    Scott, R.5    Raal, F.J.6
  • 76
    • 84921459685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (TESLA Part B): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Raal F.J., Honarpour N., Blom D.J., Hovingh G.K., Xu F., Scott R., et al. Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (TESLA Part B): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2014, 6736:1-10. 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61374-X.
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.6736 , pp. 1-10
    • Raal, F.J.1    Honarpour, N.2    Blom, D.J.3    Hovingh, G.K.4    Xu, F.5    Scott, R.6
  • 77
    • 84902157271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-PCSK9 antibody effectively lowers cholesterol in patients with statin intolerance: the GAUSS-2 randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial of evolocumab
    • Stroes E., Colquhoun D., Sullivan D., Civeira F., Rosenson R.S., Watts G.F., et al. Anti-PCSK9 antibody effectively lowers cholesterol in patients with statin intolerance: the GAUSS-2 randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial of evolocumab. J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2014, 63:2541-2548. 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.019.
    • (2014) J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.63 , pp. 2541-2548
    • Stroes, E.1    Colquhoun, D.2    Sullivan, D.3    Civeira, F.4    Rosenson, R.S.5    Watts, G.F.6
  • 78
    • 84892679366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of longer-term administration of evolocumab (AMG 145) in patients with hypercholesterolemia: 52-week results from the open-label study of long-term evaluation against LDL-C (OSLER) randomized trial
    • Koren M.J., Giugliano R.P., Raal F.J., Sullivan D., Bolognese M., Langslet G., et al. Efficacy and safety of longer-term administration of evolocumab (AMG 145) in patients with hypercholesterolemia: 52-week results from the open-label study of long-term evaluation against LDL-C (OSLER) randomized trial. Circulation 2014, 129:234-243. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007012.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.129 , pp. 234-243
    • Koren, M.J.1    Giugliano, R.P.2    Raal, F.J.3    Sullivan, D.4    Bolognese, M.5    Langslet, G.6
  • 79
    • 84922670093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of evolocumab (AMG 145), a fully human monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, in hyperlipidaemic patients on various background lipid therapies: pooled analysis of 1359 patients in four phase 2 trials
    • Stein E.A., Giugliano R.P., Koren M.J., Raal F.J., Roth E.M., Weiss R., et al. Efficacy and safety of evolocumab (AMG 145), a fully human monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, in hyperlipidaemic patients on various background lipid therapies: pooled analysis of 1359 patients in four phase 2 trials. Eur. Heart J. 2014, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu085.
    • (2014) Eur. Heart J.
    • Stein, E.A.1    Giugliano, R.P.2    Koren, M.J.3    Raal, F.J.4    Roth, E.M.5    Weiss, R.6
  • 80
    • 84858638369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol
    • Stein E.A., Mellis S., Yancopoulos G.D., Stahl N., Logan D., Smith W.B., et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol. NEJM 2012, 366:1108-1118. 10.1056/NEJMoa1105803.
    • (2012) NEJM , vol.366 , pp. 1108-1118
    • Stein, E.A.1    Mellis, S.2    Yancopoulos, G.D.3    Stahl, N.4    Logan, D.5    Smith, W.B.6
  • 81
    • 84868689211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin with or without an antibody to PCSK9 in primary hypercholesterolemia
    • Roth E.M., McKenney J.M., Hanotin C., Asset G., Stein E.a Atorvastatin with or without an antibody to PCSK9 in primary hypercholesterolemia. N.Engl. J. Med. 2012, 367:1891-1900. 10.1056/NEJMoa1201832.
    • (2012) N.Engl. J. Med. , vol.367 , pp. 1891-1900
    • Roth, E.M.1    McKenney, J.M.2    Hanotin, C.3    Asset, G.4    Stein, E.A.5
  • 82
    • 84862219022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy
    • McKenney J.M., Koren M.J., Kereiakes D.J., Hanotin C., Ferrand A.-C., Stein E.A. Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy. J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012, 59:2344-2353. 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.03.007.
    • (2012) J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.59 , pp. 2344-2353
    • McKenney, J.M.1    Koren, M.J.2    Kereiakes, D.J.3    Hanotin, C.4    Ferrand, A.-C.5    Stein, E.A.6
  • 83
    • 84904383126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and saftey of bococizumab (RN316/PF-04950615), a monocolonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilsin/kexin type 9 in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic subjects: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study
    • A1374.
    • Ballantyne C.M., Neutel J., Cropp A., Duggan W., Wang E., Plowchalk D., et al. Efficacy and saftey of bococizumab (RN316/PF-04950615), a monocolonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilsin/kexin type 9 in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic subjects: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2014, 63. A1374. 10.1016/S0735-1097(14)61374-7.
    • (2014) J.Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.63
    • Ballantyne, C.M.1    Neutel, J.2    Cropp, A.3    Duggan, W.4    Wang, E.5    Plowchalk, D.6
  • 84
    • 67649961784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic inhibition of squalene synthase and other downstream enzymes of the cholesterol synthesis pathway: a new therapeutic approach to treatment of hypercholesterolemia
    • Seiki S., Frishman W.H. Pharmacologic inhibition of squalene synthase and other downstream enzymes of the cholesterol synthesis pathway: a new therapeutic approach to treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Cardiol. Rev. 2009, 17:70-76. 10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181885905.
    • (2009) Cardiol. Rev. , vol.17 , pp. 70-76
    • Seiki, S.1    Frishman, W.H.2
  • 85
    • 58149202133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Squalene synthase: a critical enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway
    • Do R., Kiss R.S., Gaudet D., Engert J.C. Squalene synthase: a critical enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Clin. Genet. 2009, 75:19-29. 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01099.x.
    • (2009) Clin. Genet. , vol.75 , pp. 19-29
    • Do, R.1    Kiss, R.S.2    Gaudet, D.3    Engert, J.C.4
  • 86
    • 79955762929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lapaquistat acetate: development of a squalene synthase inhibitor for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia
    • Stein E.A., Bays H., O'Brien D., Pedicano J., Piper E., Spezzi A. Lapaquistat acetate: development of a squalene synthase inhibitor for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 2011, 123:1974-1985. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.975284.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 1974-1985
    • Stein, E.A.1    Bays, H.2    O'Brien, D.3    Pedicano, J.4    Piper, E.5    Spezzi, A.6
  • 87
  • 90
    • 77749270649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the thyromimetic agent diiodothyropropionic acid on body weight, body mass index, and serum lipoproteins: a pilot prospective, randomized, controlled study
    • Ladenson P.W., McCarren M., Morkin E., Edson R.G., Shih M.C., Warren S.R., et al. Effects of the thyromimetic agent diiodothyropropionic acid on body weight, body mass index, and serum lipoproteins: a pilot prospective, randomized, controlled study. J.Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010, 95:1349-1354. 10.1210/jc.2009-1209.
    • (2010) J.Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 1349-1354
    • Ladenson, P.W.1    McCarren, M.2    Morkin, E.3    Edson, R.G.4    Shih, M.C.5    Warren, S.R.6
  • 91
    • 84870167700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone receptor agonists reduce serum cholesterol independent of the LDL receptor
    • Lin J.Z., Martagón A.J., Hsueh W.A., Baxter J.D., Gustafsson J.Å., Webb P., et al. Thyroid hormone receptor agonists reduce serum cholesterol independent of the LDL receptor. Endocrinology 2012, 153:6136-6144. 10.1210/en.2011-2081.
    • (2012) Endocrinology , vol.153 , pp. 6136-6144
    • Lin, J.Z.1    Martagón, A.J.2    Hsueh, W.A.3    Baxter, J.D.4    Gustafsson, J.Å.5    Webb, P.6
  • 92
    • 65449171996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone β receptor activation has additive cholesterol lowering activity in combination with atorvastatin in rabbits, dogs and monkeys
    • Ito B.R., Zhang B.H., Cable E.E., Song X., Fujitaki J.M., MacKenna D.A., et al. Thyroid hormone β receptor activation has additive cholesterol lowering activity in combination with atorvastatin in rabbits, dogs and monkeys. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2009, 156:454-465. 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00038.x.
    • (2009) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.156 , pp. 454-465
    • Ito, B.R.1    Zhang, B.H.2    Cable, E.E.3    Song, X.4    Fujitaki, J.M.5    MacKenna, D.A.6
  • 93
    • 38649135692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thyroid hormone mimetic compound KB2115 lowers plasma LDL cholesterol and stimulates bile acid synthesis without cardiac effects in humans
    • Berkenstam A., Kristensen J., Mellström K., Carlsson B., Malm J., Rehnmark S., et al. The thyroid hormone mimetic compound KB2115 lowers plasma LDL cholesterol and stimulates bile acid synthesis without cardiac effects in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 2008, 105:663-667. 10.1073/pnas.0705286104.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. , vol.105 , pp. 663-667
    • Berkenstam, A.1    Kristensen, J.2    Mellström, K.3    Carlsson, B.4    Malm, J.5    Rehnmark, S.6
  • 95
    • 84888298822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent failures in antiatherosclerotic drug development: examples from the thyroxin receptor agonist, the secretory phospholipase A2 antagonist, and the acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor programs
    • Stoekenbroek R.M., Kastelein J.J., Hovingh G.K. Recent failures in antiatherosclerotic drug development: examples from the thyroxin receptor agonist, the secretory phospholipase A2 antagonist, and the acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor programs. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2013, 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000024.
    • (2013) Curr. Opin. Lipidol.
    • Stoekenbroek, R.M.1    Kastelein, J.J.2    Hovingh, G.K.3
  • 96
    • 84884517120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid lowering in healthy volunteers treated with multiple doses of MGL-3196, a liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist
    • Taub R., Chiang E., Chabot-Blanchet M., Kelly M.J., Reeves R.A., Guertin M.C., et al. Lipid lowering in healthy volunteers treated with multiple doses of MGL-3196, a liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist. Atherosclerosis 2013, 230:373-380. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.056.
    • (2013) Atherosclerosis , vol.230 , pp. 373-380
    • Taub, R.1    Chiang, E.2    Chabot-Blanchet, M.3    Kelly, M.J.4    Reeves, R.A.5    Guertin, M.C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.