A system dynamics perspective of corporate entrepreneurship

Small Business Economics

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 383-402

  Bloodgood, James M ^a   Hornsby, Jeffrey S ^b   Burkemper, Andrew C ^b   Sarooghi, Hessam ^b  

^a KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Corporate entrepreneurship; Feedback; Opportunity; System dynamics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84933673575     PISSN: 0921898X     EISSN: 15730913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11187-015-9634-4     Document Type: Article

References (156)

1. Adegbesan, J. A. (2009). On the origins of competitive advantage: Strategic factor markets and heterogeneous resource complementarity. Academy of Management Review,34(3), 463–475.
2. Aharoni, Y. (1993). In search for the unique: Can firm-specific advantages be evaluated? Journal of Management Studies,30(1), 31–49.
3. Ahuja, G., & Lampert, C. M. (2001). Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: A longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions. Strategic Management Journal,22, 521–543.
4. Alterowitz, R. (1988). New corporate ventures. New York: Wiley.
5. Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., & Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing,18, 105–123.
6. Arentz, J., Sautet, F., & Storr, V. (2013). Prior knowledge and opportunity identification. Small Business Economics,41, 461–478.
7. Argyris, C. (1976). Single-loop and double-loop models in research on decision making. Administrative Science Quarterly,21, 363–375.
8. Argyris, C. (1993). Knowledge for action. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
9. Argyris, C. (2003). A life full of learning. Organization Studies,24(7), 1178–1192.
10. Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1996). Organizational learning II. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
11. Baron, R. A., & Ensley, M. D. (2006). Opportunity recognition as the detection of meaningful patterns: Evidence from comparisons of novice and experienced entrepreneurs. Management Science,52(9), 1331–1344.
12. Barringer, B. B., & Gresock, A. R. (2008). Formalizing the front-end of the entrepreneurial process using the stage-gate model as a guide. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,15(2), 289–303.
13. Benner, M. J. (2007). The incumbent discount: Stock market categories and response to radical technological change. Academy of Management Review,32(3), 703–720.
14. Bhardwaj, B. R., & Momaya, K. (2011). Drivers and enablers of corporate entrepreneurship: Case of a software giant from India. Journal of Management Development,30(2), 187–205.
15. Bingham, C. B., Eisenhardt, K. M., & Furr, N. R. (2007). What makes a process a capability? Heuristics, strategy, and effective capture of opportunities. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,1, 27–47.
16. Blettner, D. P., He, Z., Hu, S., & Bettis, R. A. (2015). Adaptive aspirations and performance heterogeneity: Attention allocation among multiple reference points. Strategic Management Journal, (forthcoming).
17. Bluedorn, A. C., & Denhardt, R. B. (1988). Time and organizations. Journal of Management,14(2), 299–320.
18. Bluedorn, A. C., Kaufman, C. F., & Lane, P. M. (1992). How many things do you like to do at once? An introduction to monochronic and polychronic time. Academy of Management Executive,6(4), 17–26.
19. Boeker, W., & Goodstein, J. (1991). Organizational performance and adaptation: Effects of environment and performance on changes in board composition. Academy of Management Journal,34(4), 805–826.
20. Borch, O. J., Huse, M., & Senneseth, K. (1999). Resource configuration, competitive strategies, and corporate entrepreneurship: An empirical examination of small firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,24(1), 49–70.
21. Brandt, S. C. (1986). Entrepreneuring in established companies: Managing toward the year 2000. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.
22. Brinckmann, J., & Hoegl, M. (2011). Effects of initial teamwork capability and initial relationship capability on the development of new technology-based firms. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,5, 37–57.
23. Burgelman, R. A. (1984). Designs for corporate entrepreneurship in established firms. California Management Review,26(3), 154–166.
24. Burgelman, R. A. (1986). Managing corporate entrepreneurship: New structures for implementing technological innovation. In M. Horwitch (Ed.), Technology in the modern corporation (pp. 1–13). New York: Pergamon Press.
25. Burgelman, R. A. (1994). Fading memories: A process theory of strategic business exit in dynamic environments. Administrative Science Quarterly,39, 24–56.
26. Burgelman, R. A., & Sayles, L. R. (1986). Inside corporate innovation: Strategy, structure, and managerial skills. New York, NY: The Free Press.
27. Chandler, A. D. (1962). Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the American industrial enterprise. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
28. Ciabuschi, F., Forsgren, M., & Martin, O. M. (2011). Rationality vs ignorance: The role of MNE headquarters in subsidiaries’ innovation processes. Journal of International Business Studies,42, 958–970.
29. Cooper, R. G. (2013). New products: What separates the winners from the losers and what drives success. In K. B. Kahn (Ed.), The PDMA handbook of new product development. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
30. Corbett, A. C. (2007). Learning asymmetries and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing,22, 97–118.
31. Corbett, A. C., & Hmieleski, K. M. (2007). The conflicting cognitions of corporate entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,31(1), 103–121.
32. Covin, J. G., & Miles, M. P. (1999). Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,23(3), 47–63.
33. Coyle, J. M., Exelby, D., & Holt, J. (1999). System dynamics in defence analysis: Some case studies. Journal of the Operational Research Society,50, 372–382.
34. Cyert, R. M., & March, J. G. (1963). A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
35. Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science,32(5), 554–571.
36. Dailey, L., & Mumford, M. D. (2006). Evaluative aspects of creative thought: Errors in appraising the implications of new ideas. Creativity Research Journal,18(3), 385–390.
37. Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Management Journal,34(3), 555–590.
38. Day, D. L. (1994). Raising radicals: Different processes for championing innovative corporate ventures. Organization Science,5(2), 148–172.
39. De Carolis, D. M., Yang, Y., Deeds, D. L., & Nelling, E. (2009). Weathering the storm: The benefit of resources to high-technology ventures navigating adverse events. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,3, 147–160.
40. Dess, G. G., Ireland, R. D., Zahra, S. A., Floyd, S. W., Janney, J. J., & Lane, P. J. (2003). Emerging issues in corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of Management,29(3), 351–378.
41. Diehl, E., & Sterman, J. D. (1995). Effects of feedback complexity on dynamic decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,62(2), 198–215.
42. Duncan, R. (1972). Characteristics of organizational environments. Administrative Science Quarterly,17, 313–327.
43. Dutta, D. K., & Crossan, M. M. (2005). The nature of entrepreneurial opportunities: Understanding the process using the 4I organizational learning framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,4, 425–449.
44. Dutton, J. E., Ashford, S. J., O’Neill, R. M., & Lawrence, K. A. (2001). Moves that matter: Issue selling and organizational change. Academy of Management Journal,44(4), 716–736.
45. Eckhardt, J. T., & Shane, S. A. (2003). Opportunities and entrepreneurship. Journal of Management,29(3), 333–349.
46. Eisenhardt, K. M., & Bourgeois, L. J. (1988). Politics of strategic decision making in high velocity environments: Toward a midrange theory. Academy of Management Journal,31(4), 737–770.
47. Forrester, J. W. (1958). Industrial dynamics: A major breakthrough for decision makers. Harvard Business Review,36(4), 37–66.
48. Forrester, J. W. (1971). Counterintuitive behavior of social systems. Theory and Decision,2, 109–140.
49. Foss, N. J., Klein, P. G., Kor, Y. Y., & Mahoney, J. T. (2008). Entrepreneurship, subjectivism, and the resource-based view: Toward a new synthesis. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2, 73–94.
50. Ganotakis, P., & Love, J. H. (2012). The innovation value chain in new technology-based firms: Evidence from the U.K. Journal of Product Innovation Management,29(5), 839–860.
51. Gary, M. S. (2005). Implementation strategy and performance outcomes in related diversification. Strategic Management Journal,26(7), 643–664.
52. Gersick, C. J. G., & Hackman, J. R. (1990). Habitual routines in task-performing groups. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,47, 65–97.
53. Ghemawat, P. (1986). Sustainable advantage. Harvard Business Review,64(5), 53–58.
54. Gibson, C. B., & Birkinshaw, J. (2004). The antecedents, consequences, and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Management Journal,47(2), 209–226.
55. Gielnik, M., Frese, M., Graf, J. M., & Kampshulte, A. (2012). Creativity in the opportunity identification process and the moderating effect of diversity information. Journal of Business Venturing,27, 559–576.
56. Greve, H. R. (1999). The effect of core change on performance: Inertia and regression toward the mean. Administrative Science Quarterly,44, 590–614.
57. Guth, W.D., & Ginsberg, A., (1990). Corporate entrepreneurship. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 5–15 (special issue).
58. Hambrick, D. C., Geletkanycz, M. A., & Frederickson, J. W. (1993). Top executive commitment to the status quo: Some tests of its determinants. Strategic Management Journal,14, 401–418.
59. Hanan, M. (1976). Venturing corporations—Think small to stay strong. Harvard Business Review,54(3), 139–148.
60. Hayton, J. C., & Kelley, D. J. (2006). A competency-based framework for promoting corporate entrepreneurship. Human Resource Management,45(3), 407–427.
61. Heavey, C., Simsek, Z., Roche, F., & Kelly, A. (2009). Decision comprehensiveness and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating role of managerial uncertainty preferences and environmental dynamism. Journal of Management Studies,46(8), 1289–1314.
62. Hill, R. M., & Hlavacek, J. D. (1972). The venture team: A new concept in marketing organization. The Journal of Marketing,36, 44–50.
63. Hinings, C. R., & Greenwood, R. (1988). The dynamics of strategic change. New York, NY: Basil Blackwell.
64. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Sirmon, D. G., & Trahms, C. A. (2011). Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating value for individuals, organizations, and society. Academy of Management Perspectives,25(2), 57–75.
65. Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., Holt, D. T., & Wales, W. J. (2013). Assessing a measurement of organizational preparedness for corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(5), 937–955.
66. Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., Shepherd, D. A., & Bott, J. P. (2009). Managers’ corporate entrepreneurial actions: Examining perception and position. Journal of Business Venturing,24, 236–247.
67. Huff, J. O., Huff, A. S., & Thomas, H. (1992). Strategic renewal and the interaction of cumulative stress and inertia. Strategic Management Journal,13, 55–75.
68. Huy, Q. N. (2002). Emotional balancing of organizational continuity and radical change: The contribution of middle managers. Administrative Science Quarterly,47, 31–69.
69. Ireland, R. D., Covin, J. G., & Kuratko, D. F. (2009). Conceptualizing corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,33(1), 19–46.
70. Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., & Sirmon, D. G. (2003). A model of strategic entrepreneurship: The construct and its dimensions. Journal of Management,29(6), 963–989.
71. Jacobs, G., van Witteloostuijn, A., & Christe-Zeyse, J. (2013). A theoretical framework of organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management,26(5), 772–792.
72. Jennings, D. F., & Young, D. M. (1990). An empirical comparison between objective and subjective measures of the product innovation domain of corporate entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,15(1), 53–66.
73. Kanter, R. M. (1985). Supporting innovation and venture development in established companies. Journal of Business Venturing,1, 7–60.
74. Kao, J. J. (1991). The entrepreneurial organization. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
75. Kellermanns, F. W., & Eddleston, K. A. (2006). Corporate entrepreneurship in family firms: a family perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,30(6), 809–830.
76. Kickul, J., & Gundry, L. K. (2001). Breaking through boundaries for organizational innovation: New managerial roles and practices in e-commerce firms. Journal of Management,27, 347–361.
77. Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
78. Koberg, C. S. (1987). Resource scarcity, environmental uncertainty, and adaptive organizational behavior. Academy of Management Journal,30(4), 798–807.
79. Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1996). What firms do? Coordination, identity, and learning. Organization Science,7(5), 502–518.
80. Kuratko, D. F. (1993). Intrapreneurship: developing innovation in the corporation. Advances in Global High Technology Management: High Technology Venturing,3, 3–14.
81. Kuratko, D. F., & Audretsch, D. B. (2013). Clarifying the domains of corporate entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,9(3), 323–335.
82. Kuratko, D. F., Ireland, R. D., Covin, J. G., & Hornsby, J. S. (2005). A model of middle-level managers’ entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29(6), 699–716.
83. Lanza, A., & Passarelli, M. (2014). Technology change and dynamic entrepreneurial capabilities. Journal of Small Business Management,52(3), 427–450.
84. Lavie, D. (2006). Capability reconfiguration: An analysis of incumbent responses to technological change. Academy of Management Review,31(1), 153–174.
85. Lee, G. K. (2008). Relevance of organizational capabilities and its dynamics: What to learn from entrants’ product portfolios about the determinants of entry timing. Strategic Management Journal,29, 1257–1280.
86. Leiblein, M. J., & Madsen, T. L. (2009). Unbundling competitive heterogeneity: Incentive structures and capability influences on technological innovation. Strategic Management Journal,30, 711–735.
87. Leonard-Barton, D. (1995). Wellsprings of knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
88. Levitt, B., & March, J. G. (1988). Organizational learning. In W. R. Scott & J. Blake (Eds.), Annual Review of Sociology, 14 (Vol. 14, pp. 319–340). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.
89. Li, Q., Maggitti, P. G., Smith, K. G., Tesluk, P. E., & Katila, R. (2013). Top management attention to innovation: The role of search selection and intensity in new product introductions. Academy of Management Journal,56(3), 893–916.
90. Liguori, M. (2012). The supremacy of the sequence: Key elements and dimensions in the process of change. Organization Studies,33(4), 507–539.
91. Lumpkin, G. T., & Lichtenstein, B. B. (2005). The role of organizational learning in the opportunity-recognition process. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29(4), 451–472.
92. Luoma, M. (2006). A play of four areas: How complexity can serve management development. Management Learning,37(1), 101–123.
93. Lyneis, J. M. (1999). System dynamics for business strategy: A phased approach. System Dynamics Review,15(1), 37–70.
94. Mahoney, J. T. (1995). The management of resources and the resources of management. Journal of Business Research,33, 91–101.
95. Maier, F. H. (1998). New product diffusion models in innovation management—A system dynamics perspective. System Dynamics Review,14(4), 285–308.
96. March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science,2, 71–87.
97. March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. New York, NY: Wiley.
98. Markham, S. K., Ward, S. J., Aiman-Smith, L., & Kingon, A. I. (2010). The valley of death as context for role theory in product innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management,27(3), 402–417.
99. Merrifield, D. B. (1993). Intrapreneurial corporate renewal. Journal of Business Venturing,8(5), 383–389.
100. Mezias, S. J., & Glynn, M. A. (1993). The three faces of corporate renewal: Institution, revolution, and evolution. Strategic Management Journal,14, 77–101.
101. Miller, D. (1988). Relating Porter’s business strategies to environment and structure: Analysis and performance implications. Academy of Management Journal,31(2), 280–308.
102. Miner, A. S. (1994). Seeking adaptive advantage: Evolutionary theory and managerial action. In J. A. C. Baum & J. V. Singh (Eds.), Evolutionary dynamics of organizations (pp. 76–89). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
103. Mintzberg, H. (1994). The rise and fall of strategic planning. New York, NY: The Free Press.
104. Mitchell, R. K., Busenitz, L., Lant, T., McDougall, P. P., Morse, E. A., & Smith, J. B. (2002). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial cognition: Rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,27(2), 93–104.
105. Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F., & Covin, J. G. (2008). Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation. Cincinnati, OH: Thomson/SouthWestern Publishers.
106. Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F., & Covin, J. G. (2011). Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation. Mason, OH: SouthWestern Publishers.
107. Morris, M. H., van Vuuren, J., Cornwall, J. R., & Scheepers, R. (2009). Properties of balance: A pendulum effect in corporate entrepreneurship. Business Horizons,52, 429–440.
108. Nelson, R., & Winter, S. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
109. Nutt, P. C. (2002). Why decisions fail. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
110. O’Connor, P. (1994). Implementing a stage-gate process: A multi-company perspective. Journal of Product Innovation Management,11, 183–200.
111. O’Reilly, C. A., & Tushman, M. L. (2013). Organizational ambidexterity: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Perspectives,27(4), 324–338.
112. Örtenblad, A. (2004). The learning organization: Towards an integrated model. The Learning Organization,11(2), 129–144.
113. Orton, J. D., & Weick, K. E. (1990). Loosely coupled systems: A reconceptualization. Academy of Management Review,15(2), 203–223.
114. Patel, P. C., Messersmith, J. G., & Lepak, D. P. (2013). Walking the tightrope: An assessment of the relationship between high-performance work systems and organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Management Journal,56(5), 142–1442.
115. Peterson, R., & Berger, D. (1972). Entrepreneurship in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly,16, 97–106.
116. Pinchot, G. (1985). Intrapreneurship. New York: Harper & Row.
117. Pinchot, G., & Pellman, R. (1999). Intrapreneuring in action: A handbook for business innovation. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
118. Prahalad, C. K., & Bettis, R. A. (1986). The dominant logic: A new linkage between diversity and performance. Strategic Management Journal,7(6), 485–501.
119. Quinn, J. (1979). Technological innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategy. Sloan Management Review,20(3), 19–30.
120. Rabeh, H. A. D., Jimenez-Jimenez, D., & Martínez-Costa, M. (2013). Managing knowledge for a successful competence exploration. Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), 195–207.
121. Repenning, N. P. (2002). A simulation-based approach to understanding the dynamics of innovation implementation. Organization Science,13(2), 109–127.
122. Roseneau, M. D., Griffin, A., Castellion, G. A., & Anschuetz, N. F. (1996). The PDMA handbook of new product development. New York, NY: Wiley.
123. Rumelt, R. P. (1986). Strategy, structure, and economic performance. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
124. Salomo, S., Talke, K., & Strecker, N. (2008). Innovation field orientation and its effect on innovativeness and firm performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management,25, 560–576.
125. Sathe, V. (1989). Fostering entrepreneurship in the large, diversified firm. Organizational Dynamics,18(1), 20–32.
126. Sathe, V. (2003). Corporate entrepreneurship. Cambridge, UK: University Press.
127. Schindehutte, M., & Morris, M. H. (2009). Advancing strategic entrepreneurship research: The role of complexity science in shifting the paradigm. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,34(1), 241–276.
128. Schollhammer, H. (1982). Internal corporate entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton, & K. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 209–223). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
129. Schon, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York, NY: Basic Books.
130. Shane, S. (2000). Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization Science,11(4), 448–469.
131. Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review,25(1), 217–226.
132. Sharma, P., & Chrisman, J. J. (1999). Toward a reconciliation of the definitional issues in the field of corporate entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,23(3), 11–27.
133. Shepherd, D. A., & DeTienne, D. R. (2005). Prior knowledge, potential financial reward, and opportunity recognition. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice,29(1), 91–112.
134. Short, J. C., Ketchen, D., Shook, C., & Ireland, R. D. (2010). The concept of “opportunity” in entrepreneurship research: Past accomplishments and future challenges. Journal of Management,36, 40–65.
135. Smith, K. G., & Cao, Q. (2007). An entrepreneurial perspective on the firm-environment relationship. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,1, 329–344.
136. Souitaris, V., & Maestro, B. M. M. (2010). Polychronicity in top management teams: The impact on strategic decision processes and performance of new technology ventures. Strategic Management Journal,31, 652–678.
137. Starbuck, W. H. (1965). Organizational growth and development. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of organizations. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
138. Sterman, J. D. (2000). Business dynamics: Systems thinking and modeling for a complex world (Vol. 19). Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
139. Teece, D., & Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change,3(3), 537–556.
140. Timmons, J. (1994). New venture creation (4th ed.). Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
141. Tushman, M. L., & Nadler, D. A. (1978). Information processing as an integrating concept in organizational design. Academy of Management Review,3(3), 613–624.
142. Tushman, M. L., & O’Reilly, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. California Management Review,38(4), 8–30.
143. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science,211, 453–458.
144. Venkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research. In J. A. Katz & R. H. Brockhaus (Eds.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth (Vol. 3, pp. 119–138). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
145. Veryzer, R. W. (1998). Discontinuous innovation and the new product development process. Journal of Product Innovation Management,15, 304–321.
146. von Hippel, E. (1988). The sources of innovation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
147. Walter, A., Parboteeah, K. P., Riesenhuber, F., & Hoegl, M. (2011). Championship behaviors and innovations success: An empirical investigation of university spin-offs. Journal of Product Innovation Management,28(4), 586–598.
148. Wang, C. L., & Rafiq, M. (2009). Organizational diversity and shared vision: Resolving the paradox of exploratory and exploitative learning. European Journal of Innovation Management,12(1), 86–101.
149. Weick, K. E. (1979). The social psychology of organizing (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
150. Weisenfeld, B. M., Wurthmann, K. A., & Hambrick, D. C. (2008). The stigmatization and devaluation of elites associated with corporate failures: A process model. Academy of Management Review,33(1), 231–251.
151. West, M., & Farr, J. (1989). Innovation at work: Psychological perspectives. Social Behavior,4, 15–30.
152. Winch, G. (1998). Dynamic visioning for dynamic environments. Journal of the Operational Research Society,49(4), 354–361.
153. Zaheer, S., Albert, S., & Zaheer, A. (1999). Time scales and organizational theory. Academy of Management Review,24(4), 725–741.
154. Zahra, S. A. (1991). Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing,6(4), 259–285.
155. Zahra, S. A., Randerson, K., & Fayolle, A. (2013). Corporate entrepreneurship: Where are we? Where can we go from here? Management,6, 357–361.
156. Zaltman, G., Duncan, R., & Holbek, J. (1973). Innovation and organizations. New York: Wiley.