Patchy progress on obesity prevention: Emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking

The Lancet

Volumn 385, Issue 9985, 2015, Pages 2400-2409

  Roberto, Christina A ^a   Swinburn, Boyd ^b   Hawkes, Corinna ^c   Huang, Terry T K ^d,e   Costa, Sergio A ^d,e   Ashe, Marice ^f   Zwicker, Lindsey ^f,g   Cawley, John H ^h   Brownell, Kelly D ⁱ  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^c WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND INTERNATIONAL   (United Kingdom)

^d CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f ChangeLab Solutions   (United States)

^g Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence   (United States)

^h Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

ⁱ DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ECONOMIC ASPECT; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD AVAILABILITY; FOOD INTAKE; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEALTH PROMOTION; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL ASPECT; CATERING SERVICE; FOOD INDUSTRY; FOOD PACKAGING; FOOD PREFERENCE; HEALTH; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; MANAGEMENT; SCHOOL;

FOOD INDUSTRY; FOOD LABELING; FOOD PREFERENCES; FOOD SERVICES; GLOBAL HEALTH; HEALTH POLICY; HEALTH PRIORITIES; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; OBESITY; POLICY MAKING; SCHOOLS;

EID: 84930930899     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: 1474547X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61744-X     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. MM Finucane, GA Stevens, MJ Cowan the Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Body Mass Index) National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants Lancet 377 2011 557 567
2. WHO Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010 2011 World Health Organization Geneva http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789240686458-eng.pdf?ua=1 (accessed April 30, 2014).
3. SS Lim, T Vos, AD Flaxman et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 Lancet 380 2012 2224 2260
4. BA Swinburn, G Sacks, KD Hall et al. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments Lancet 378 2011 804 814
5. YC Wang, K McPherson, T Marsh, SL Gortmaker, M Brown Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK Lancet 378 2011 815 825
6. SL Gortmaker, BA Swinburn, D Levy et al. Changing the future of obesity: science, policy, and action Lancet 378 2011 838 847
7. WHO Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020 2013 World Health Organization Geneva http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/94384/1/9789241506236-eng.pdf?ua=1 (accessed Jan 15, 2015).
8. WHO Noncommunicable disease global monitoring framework http://www.who.int/nmh/global-monitoring-framework/en/ (accessed April 30, 2014).
9. WHO Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition. 65th World Health Assembly 2012 World Health Organization Geneva http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/WHA65.6-annex2-en.pdf (accessed April 30, 2014).
10. T Olds, C Maher, S Zumin et al. Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries Int J Pediatr Obes 6 2011 342 360
11. B Swinburn, V Kraak, H Rutter et al. Strengthening accountability systems to create healthy food environments and reduce global obesity Lancet 2015 published online Feb 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61747-5
12. C Hawkes, TG Smith, J Jewell et al. Smart food policies for obesity prevention Lancet 2015 published online Feb 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61745-1
13. TT-K Huang, JH Cawley, M Ashe et al. Mobilisation of policy support for policy actions to prevent obesity Lancet 2015 published online Feb 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61743-8
14. T Lobstein, R Jackson-Leach, ML Moodie et al. Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture Lancet 2015 published online Feb 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61746-3
15. WH Dietz, LA Baur, K Hall et al. Management of obesity: improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care Lancet 2015 published online Feb 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61748-7
16. IM Lee, EJ Shiroma, F Lobelo et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy Lancet 380 2012 219 229
17. WHO Assessing national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Report of the 2010 global survey 2012 World Health Organization Geneva http://www.who.int/cancer/publications/national-capacity-prevention-ncds.pdf (accessed April 30, 2014).
18. Declaration of Port-of-Spain Uniting to stop the epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Caribbean Community Secretariat http://www.caricom.org/jsp/communications/meetings
19. R Visser, RL Atkinson Proceedings of the Second Pan American Conference on Obesity with special attention to childhood obesity and a workshop. Education for childhood obesity prevention: a life-course approach Int J Obes Suppl 3 2013 S1 S2
20. WHO WHO European ministerial conference on counteracting obesity 2007 World Health Organization Geneva http://www.euro.who.int/-data/assets/pdf-file/0006/96459/E90143.pdf (accessed April 30, 2014).
21. WHO Apia communique on healthy islands, NCDs, and the post-2015 development agenda. Tenth Pacific Health Ministers Meeting 2013 World Health Organization Geneva http://www.wpro.who.int/southpacific/pic-meeting/2013/meeting-outcomes/10th-PHMM-Apia-Commnique.pdf?ua=1 (accessed May 1, 2014).
22. E Jacoby, J Rivera, S Cordera et al. Legislation, children, obesity. Standing up for children's rights in Latin America. [Commentaries] World Nutrition 3 2012 483 516
23. M Cecchini, F Sassi, JA Lauer, YY Lee, V Guajardo-Barron, D Chisholm Tackling of unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and obesity: health effects and cost-effectiveness Lancet 376 2010 1775 1784
24. D Mozaffarian, A Afshin, NL Benowitz the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Council on Nutrition Physical Activity and Metabolism Council on Clinical Cardiology Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young Council on the Kidney in Cardiovasc Population approaches to improve diet, physical activity, and smoking habits: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Circulation 126 2012 1514 1563
25. SK Kumanyika, E Obarzanek, N Stettler the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention Population-based prevention of obesity: the need for comprehensive promotion of healthful eating, physical activity, and energy balance. A scientific statement from American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (formerly the expert panel on population and prevention science) Circulation 118 2008 428 464
26. C Hawkes, J Jewell, K Allen A food policy package for healthy diets and the prevention of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases: the NOURISHING framework Obes Rev 14 suppl 2 2013 159 168
27. World Cancer Research Fund International WCRF International food policy framework for healthy diets: NOURISHING http://www.wcrf.org/int/policy/nourishing-framework (accessed April 30, 2014).
28. World Cancer Research Fund International Nutrition label standards and regulations on the use of claims and implied claims on foods http://www.wcrf.org/int/policy/nourishing-framework/nutrition-labels (accessed April 25, 2014).
29. World Cancer Research Fund International NOURISHING framework Use economic tools to address food affordbility and purchase incentives http://www.wcrf.org/int/policy/nourishing-framework/use-economic-tools (accessed April 25, 2014).
30. KD Brownell, T Farley, WC Willett et al. The public health and economic benefits of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages N Engl J Med 361 2009 1599 1605
31. S Kim, Y Lee, J Yoon, S-J Chung, S-K Lee, H Kim Restriction of television food advertising in South Korea: impact on advertising of food companies Health Promot Int 28 2013 17 25
32. J Adams, R Tyrrell, AJ Adamson, M White Effect of restrictions on television food advertising to children on exposure to advertisements for 'less healthy' foods: repeat cross-sectional study PLoS One 7 2012 e31578
33. D Dowell, TA Farley Prevention of non-communicable diseases in New York City Lancet 380 2012 1787 1789
34. United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Global Agricultural Information Network. GAIN report: Mexico http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Food%20and%20Agricultural%20Import%20Regulations%20and%20Standards%20Mexico%202013-Mexico%20ATO-Mexico-1-23-2014.pdf 2014 (accessed April 30, 2014).
35. United States Department of Agriculture USDA unveils historic improvements to meals served in America's schools http://www.fns.usda.gov/pressrelease/002312 2013 (accessed Sept 14, 2014).
36. United States Department of Agriculture National school lunch program and school breakfast program: nutrition standards for all foods sold in school as required by the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010; Interim Final Rule http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-06-28/pdf/2013-15249.pdf 2013 (accessed Sept 14, 2014).
37. C Fry, L Chen, S Graff Putting business to work for health: incentive policies for the private sector http://changelabsolutions.org/sites/default/files/documents/Incentives-FINAL-20120514.pdf 2012 (accessed Feb 28, 2013).
38. A Karpyn, C Young, S Weiss Reestablishing healthy food retail: changing the landscape of food deserts Child Obes 8 2012 28 30
39. US Department of Health and Human Services Healthy food financing initiative http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/resource/healthy-food-financing-initiative-0 2011 (accessed May 8, 2013).
40. ChangeLab Solutions Healthy Corner Stores: The State of the Movement http://changelabsolutions.org/sites/default/files/documents/HCSReport.pdf 2009 (accessed Feb 28, 2013).
41. WHO and the Government of South Australia The Adelaide Statement on Health in All Policies: moving towards a shared governance for health and well-being Health Promot Int 25 2010 258 260
42. Department of Health Victoria Australia Prevention and population health. Healthy Together Victoria http://www.health.vic.gov.au/prevention/healthytogether.htm 2014 (accessed April 30, 2014).
43. LD Frank, TL Schmid, JF Sallis, J Chapman, BE Saelens Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: findings from SMARTRAQ Am J Prev Med 28 suppl 2 2005 117 125
44. R Ewing, L Frank, J Chapman, R Kreutzer Understanding the relationship between public health and the built environment: a report prepared for the LEED-ND Committee 2009 US Green Building Council Washington http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/General/Docs3901.pdf (accessed Oct 29, 2013).
45. P Stair, H Wooten, M Raimi How to create and implement healthy general plans: a toolkit for building healthy, vibrant communities through land use policy change 2008 ChangeLab Solutions (formerly Public Health Law & Policy) and Raimi + Associates Oakland
46. Philadelphia Department of Public Health Philadelphia 2035: planning and zoning for a healthier city the city's new comprehensive plan and its role in improving public health http://phila2035.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Phila2035-Healthier-City-Report.pdf 2010 (accessed Oct 29, 2013).
47. ChangeLab Solutions Pedestrian Friendly Code Directory: Public art http://changelabsolutions.org/childhood-obesity/public-art (accessed Feb 28, 2013).
48. ChangeLab Solutions Pedestrian Friendly Code Directory: Medium to High Densities http://changelabsolutions.org/childhood-obesity/medium-high-densities (accessed Feb 28, 2013).
49. ChangeLab Solutions Pedestrian Friendly Code Directory: Landmarks http://changelabsolutions.org/childhood-obesity/landmarks (accessed Feb 29, 2013).
50. ChangeLab Solutions Abundant Seating Pedestrian Friendly Code Directory: Abundant Seating http://changelabsolutions.org/childhood-obesity/abundant-seating (accessed Feb 28, 2014).
51. ChangeLab Solutions Pedestrian Friendly Code Directory: Adequate Access to Transit http://changelabsolutions.org/childhood-obesity/adequate-access-transit (accessed Feb 28, 2014).
52. National Policy and Legal Analysis Network Establishing land use protections for farmers markets 2009 ChangeLab Solutions (formerly Public Health Law & Policy) Oakland
53. ChangeLab Solutions (formerly Public Health Law & Policy) Healthy Mobile Vending Policies. Oakland: ChangeLab Solutions (formerly Public Health Law & Policy), 2009 http://changelabsolutions.org/sites/default/files/MobileVending-FactSht-FINAL-091008.pdf (accessed Oct 29, 2013).
54. S Seskin, B McCann Complete Streets Local Policy Workbook 2012 Smart Growth America and National Complete Streets Coalition Washington http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/documents/cs/resources/cs-policyworkbook.pdf (accessed Oct 29, 2013).
55. S Seskin, B McCann Complete Streets Policy Analysis 2011 2012 Smart Growth America and National Complete Streets Coalition Washington, DC
56. Safe Routes to School National Partnership Safe Routes to School: Helping Communities Save Lives and Dollars 2011 http://saferoutespartnership.org/sites/default/files/pdf/SRTS-policy-report-fact-sheet.pdf (accessed Dec 6, 2014).
57. Government of South Africa Strategic Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases 2013-17 http://www.health-e.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/NCDs-STRAT-PLAN-CONTENT-8-april-proof.pdf 2013 (accessed Oct 29, 2013).
58. WHO Non-communicable diseases country profiles 2011 World Health Organization Geneva http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502283-eng.pdf (accessed April 30, 2014).
59. AM Thow, B Swinburn, S Colagiuri et al. Trade and food policy: case studies from three Pacific Island Countries Food Policy 35 2010 556 564
60. ChangeLab Solutions Model Healthy Beverage Vending Agreement http://changelabsolutions.org/publications/healthy-bev-vending-agreement (accessed Feb 28, 2013).
61. Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação http://www.fnde.gov.br/programas/alimentacao-escolar/alimentacao-escolar-apresentacao (accessed Oct 1, 2013).
62. K Otsuki The local food revolution in Brazil's schools 2013 Aljazeera Doha http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/02/201322853527633979.html (accessed Oct 29, 2013).
63. Food and Agriculture Organization Africa to benefit from Brazil FAO school meals experience http://reliefweb.int/report/world/africa-benefit-brazil-fao-school-meals-experience 2013 (accessed Oct 1, 2013).
64. Let's Move http://www.letsmove.gov/accomplishments (accessed April 25, 2014).
65. Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation Fighting obesity by balancing calories in with calories out http://www.healthyweightcommit.org/news/major-food-beverage-companies-remove-6.4-trillion-calories-from-u.s.-market/ 2014 (accessed April 25, 2014).
66. UK Department of Health Public health responsibility deal https://responsibilitydeal.dh.gov.uk/about/ 2012 (accessed April 30, 2014).
67. SA Jebb The public health responsibility deal food network Nutr Bull 37 2012 355 358
68. H Wang, F Zhai Programme and policy options for preventing obesity in China Obes Rev 14 suppl 2 2013 134 140
69. WHO Global nutrition policy review: what does it take to scale up nutrition action? http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/84408/1/9789241505529-eng.pdf 2013 (accessed April 30, 2014).
70. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Pouring on the pounds campaign http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/living/sugarydrink-media.shtml 2009 (accessed April 25, 2014).
71. NC Barragan, AJ Noller, B Robles et al. The "sugar pack" health marketing campaign in Los Angeles County, 2011-2012 Health Promot Pract 15 2014 208 216
72. LiveLighter http://livelighter.com.au/about.aspx 2012 (accessed April 30, 2014).
73. S Capacci, M Mazzocchi, B Shankar et al. Policies to promote healthy eating in Europe: a structured review of policies and their effectiveness Nutr Rev 70 2012 188 200
74. European Commission Agriculture and rural development. School fruit scheme http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sfs/eu-countries/index-en.htm (accessed April 30, 2014).
75. R Wijesinha-Bettoni, A Orito, M Löwik, C Mclean, E Muehlhoff Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among schoolchildren: efforts in middle-income countries Food Nutr Bull 34 2013 75 94
76. C Hawkes Promoting healthy diets through nutrition education and change in the food environment: an international review of actions and their effectiveness 2013 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome
77. C Lachat, S Otchere, D Roberfroid et al. Diet and physical activity for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic policy review PLoS Med 10 2013 e1001465
78. C Hawkes, T Lobstein Regulating the commercial promotion of food to children: a survey of actions worldwide Int J Pediatr Obes 6 2011 83 94
79. Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity Pledges on food marketing to children worldwide http://www.yaleruddcenter.org/marketingpledges/ (accessed April 30, 2014).
80. C Hawkes, JL Harris An analysis of the content of food industry pledges on marketing to children Public Health Nutr 14 2011 1403 1414
81. S Galbraith-Emami, T Lobstein The impact of initiatives to limit the advertising of food and beverage products to children: a systematic review Obes Rev 14 2013 960 974
82. B Popkin, C Monteiro, B Swinburn Overview: Bellagio conference on program and policy options for preventing obesity in the low- and middle-income countries Obes Rev 14 suppl 2 2013 1 8
83. T Nelson, Z Oxley, R Clawson Toward a psychology of framing effects Polit Behav 19 1997 221 246
84. L Jacobs, R Shapiro Politicians don't pander: political manipulation and the loss of democratic responsiveness 2000 University of Chicago Press Chicago
85. JA Stimson Tides of consent: how public opinion shapes American politics 2004 Cambridge University Press New York
86. RG Lawrence Framing obesity: the evolution of news discourse on a public health issue Int J Press/Polit 9 2004 56 75
87. AN Gearhardt, MA Bragg, RL Pearl, NA Schvey, CA Roberto, KD Brownell Obesity and public policy Annu Rev Clin Psychol 8 2012 405 430
88. PM Johnson, PJ Kenny Dopamine D2 receptors in addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats Nat Neurosci 13 2010 635 641
89. ND Volkow, G-J Wang, D Tomasi, RD Baler Obesity and addiction: neurobiological overlaps Obes Rev 14 2013 2 18
90. JA Desor, GK Beauchamp Longitudinal changes in sweet preferences in humans Physiol Behav 39 1987 639 641
91. C Schwartz, S Issanchou, S Nicklaus Developmental changes in the acceptance of the five basic tastes in the first year of life Br J Nutr 102 2009 1375 1385
92. GK Beauchamp, M Moran Dietary experience and sweet taste preference in human infants Appetite 3 1982 139 152
93. CA Nathanson Social movements as catalysts for policy change: the case of smoking and guns J Health Polit Policy Law 24 1999 421 488
94. M Rosenbaum, RL Leibel Adaptive thermogenesis in humans Int J Obes (Lond) 34 suppl 1 2010 S47 S55
95. RHSCR Thaler Nudge improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness 2009 Penguin Group New York, NY
96. P Chandon, B Wansink Does food marketing need to make us fat? A review and solutions Nutr Rev 70 2012 571 593
97. JL Harris, JL Pomeranz, T Lobstein, KD Brownell A crisis in the marketplace: how food marketing contributes to childhood obesity and what can be done Annu Rev Public Health 30 2009 211 225
98. W Samuelson, R Zeckhauser Status quo bias in decision making J Risk Uncertain 1 1988 7 59
99. JH Ledikwe, JA Ello-Martin, BJ Rolls Portion sizes and the obesity epidemic J Nutr 135 2005 905 909
100. JA Ello-Martin, JH Ledikwe, BJ Rolls The influence of food portion size and energy density on energy intake: implications for weight management Am J Clin Nutr 82 suppl 2005 236S 241S
101. J Schwartz, J Riis, B Elbel, D Ariely Inviting consumers to downsize fast-food portions significantly reduces calorie consumption Health Aff (Millwood) 31 2012 399 407
102. JF Guthrie, B-H Lin, E Frazao Role of food prepared away from home in the American diet, 1977-78 versus 1994-96: changes and consequences J Nutr Educ Behav 34 2002 140 150
103. T Andreyeva, DM Blumenthal, MB Schwartz, MW Long, KD Brownell Availability and prices of foods across stores and neighborhoods: the case of New Haven, Connecticut Health Aff (Millwood) 27 2008 1381 1388
104. LV Moore, AV Diez Roux Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores Am J Public Health 96 2006 325 331
105. KC Montgomery, J Chester Interactive food and beverage marketing: targeting adolescents in the digital age J Adolesc Health 45 suppl 2009 S18 S29
106. AK Yancey, BL Cole, R Brown et al. A cross-sectional prevalence study of ethnically targeted and general audience outdoor obesity-related advertising Milbank Q 87 2009 155 184