메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 147, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1494-1502

A pilot study of the noninvasive assessment of the lung microbiota as a potential tool for the early diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; DNA 16S;

EID: 84930907563     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: 19313543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1687     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 33646872823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and the host response to injury, a large-scale collaborative project: Patient-oriented research core - Standard operating procedures for clinical care. II. Guidelines for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in the trauma patient
    • Minei JP, Nathens AB, West M, et al; Inflammation and the Host Response to Injury Large Scale Collaborative Research Program Investigators. Inflammation and the host response to injury, a large-scale collaborative project: patient-oriented research core - standard operating procedures for clinical care. II. Guidelines for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in the trauma patient. J Trauma. 2006;60(5):1106-1113.
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 1106-1113
    • Minei, J.P.1    Nathens, A.B.2    West, M.3
  • 2
    • 0036924301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database
    • Rello J, Ollendorf DA, Oster G, et al; VAP Outcomes Scientific Advisory Group. Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database. Chest. 2002;122(6):2115-2121.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , Issue.6 , pp. 2115-2121
    • Rello, J.1    Ollendorf, D.A.2    Oster, G.3
  • 3
    • 26444480583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review
    • Safdar N, Dezfulian C, Collard HR, Saint S. Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(10):2184-2193.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 2184-2193
    • Safdar, N.1    Dezfulian, C.2    Collard, H.R.3    Saint, S.4
  • 4
    • 33645804216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and prognostic factors of ventilatorassociated pneumonia in trauma patients
    • Cavalcanti M, Ferrer M, Ferrer R, Morforte R, Garnacho A, Torres A. Risk and prognostic factors of ventilatorassociated pneumonia in trauma patients. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(4):1067-1072.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 1067-1072
    • Cavalcanti, M.1    Ferrer, M.2    Ferrer, R.3    Morforte, R.4    Garnacho, A.5    Torres, A.6
  • 5
    • 0032572110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for ICU-acquired pneumonia
    • Cook DJ, Kollef MH. Risk factors for ICU-acquired pneumonia. JAMA. 1998;279(20):1605-1606.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , Issue.20 , pp. 1605-1606
    • Cook, D.J.1    Kollef, M.H.2
  • 6
    • 0038747085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A formula for prediction of posttraumatic pneumonia based on early anatomic and physiologic parameters
    • Croce MA, Tolley EA, Fabian TC. A formula for prediction of posttraumatic pneumonia based on early anatomic and physiologic parameters. J Trauma. 2003;54(4):724-729.
    • (2003) J Trauma , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 724-729
    • Croce, M.A.1    Tolley, E.A.2    Fabian, T.C.3
  • 8
    • 0032703287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspiration in severe trauma: A prospective study
    • Lockey DJ, Coats T, Parr MJ. Aspiration in severe trauma: a prospective study. Anaesthesia. 1999;54(11):1097-1098.
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , Issue.11 , pp. 1097-1098
    • Lockey, D.J.1    Coats, T.2    Parr, M.J.3
  • 9
    • 44049106813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review of the literature
    • Rea-Neto A, Youssef NC, Tuche F, et al. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care. 2008;12(2):R56.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. R56
    • Rea-Neto, A.1    Youssef, N.C.2    Tuche, F.3
  • 10
    • 0029557772 scopus 로고
    • Using bronchoalveolar lavage to distinguish nosocomial pneumonia from systemic inflammatory response syndrome: A prospective analysis
    • Croce MA, Fabian TC, Schurr MJ, et al. Using bronchoalveolar lavage to distinguish nosocomial pneumonia from systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a prospective analysis. J Trauma. 1995;39(6):1134-1139.
    • (1995) J Trauma , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1134-1139
    • Croce, M.A.1    Fabian, T.C.2    Schurr, M.J.3
  • 11
    • 18144435904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilatorassociated pneumonia. A randomized trial
    • Fagon JY, Chastre J, Wolff M, et al. Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilatorassociated pneumonia. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(8):621-630.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , Issue.8 , pp. 621-630
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Wolff, M.3
  • 12
    • 0028360248 scopus 로고
    • Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Meduri GU, Mauldin GL, Wunderink RG, et al. Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 1994;106(1):221-235.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 221-235
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Mauldin, G.L.2    Wunderink, R.G.3
  • 13
    • 13644257785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early antibiotic treatment for BAL-confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia: A role for routine endotracheal aspirate cultures
    • Michel F, Franceschini B, Berger P, et al. Early antibiotic treatment for BAL-confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia: a role for routine endotracheal aspirate cultures. Chest. 2005;127(2):589-597.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , Issue.2 , pp. 589-597
    • Michel, F.1    Franceschini, B.2    Berger, P.3
  • 14
    • 33645554352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The futility of the clinical pulmonary infection score in trauma patients
    • Croce MA, Swanson JM, Magnotti LJ, et al. The futility of the clinical pulmonary infection score in trauma patients. J Trauma. 2006;60(3):523-527.
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 523-527
    • Croce, M.A.1    Swanson, J.M.2    Magnotti, L.J.3
  • 15
    • 0043167826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing pneumonia during mechanical ventilation: The clinical pulmonary infection score revisited
    • Fartoukh M, Maitre B, Honoré S, Cerf C, Zahar JR, Brun-Buisson C. Diagnosing pneumonia during mechanical ventilation: the clinical pulmonary infection score revisited. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168(2):173-179.
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.168 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-179
    • Fartoukh, M.1    Maitre, B.2    Honoré, S.3    Cerf, C.4    Zahar, J.R.5    Brun-Buisson, C.6
  • 16
    • 40849124043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of pretest probability and modified clinical pulmonary infection score to diagnose ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Lauzier F, Ruest A, Cook D, et al; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. The value of pretest probability and modified clinical pulmonary infection score to diagnose ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Crit Care. 2008;23(1):50-57.
    • (2008) J Crit Care , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-57
    • Lauzier, F.1    Ruest, A.2    Cook, D.3
  • 17
    • 2442483897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of the clinical pulmonary infection score for the identification and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Luyt CE, Chastre J, Fagon JY. Value of the clinical pulmonary infection score for the identification and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(5):844-852.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 844-852
    • Luyt, C.E.1    Chastre, J.2    Fagon, J.Y.3
  • 18
    • 1342268349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pulmonary infection score for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Accuracy and interobserver variability
    • Schurink CA, Van Nieuwenhoven CA, Jacobs JA, et al. Clinical pulmonary infection score for ventilator-associated pneumonia: accuracy and interobserver variability. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(2):217-224.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-224
    • Schurink, C.A.1    Van Nieuwenhoven, C.A.2    Jacobs, J.A.3
  • 19
    • 84875279304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage: Predictor of ventilator-associated pneumonia?
    • Minshall CT, Eriksson EA, Hawkins KS, Wolf S, Minei JP. Early nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage: predictor of ventilator-associated pneumonia? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74(2):448-452.
    • (2013) J Trauma Acute Care Surg , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 448-452
    • Minshall, C.T.1    Eriksson, E.A.2    Hawkins, K.S.3    Wolf, S.4    Minei, J.P.5
  • 20
    • 9344239309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit
    • Alvarez-Lerma F; ICU-Acquired Pneumonia Study Group. Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22(5):387-394.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 387-394
    • Alvarez-Lerma, F.1
  • 21
    • 0034457796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequate antimicrobial treatment: An important determinant of outcome for hospitalized patients
    • Kollef MH. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment: an important determinant of outcome for hospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(suppl 4):S131-S138.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. S131-S138
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 22
    • 0030901413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Luna CM, Vujacich P, Niederman MS, et al. Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 1997;111(3):676-685.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 676-685
    • Luna, C.M.1    Vujacich, P.2    Niederman, M.S.3
  • 23
    • 0030788929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of routine microbial investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Rello J, Gallego M, Mariscal D, Soñora R, Valles J. The value of routine microbial investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(1):196-200.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 196-200
    • Rello, J.1    Gallego, M.2    Mariscal, D.3    Soñora, R.4    Valles, J.5
  • 24
    • 19044373411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of antibiotic therapy on mortality of critical surgical illness caused or complicated by infection
    • Barie PS, Hydo LJ, Shou J, Larone DH, Eachempati SR. Influence of antibiotic therapy on mortality of critical surgical illness caused or complicated by infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2005;6(1):41-54.
    • (2005) Surg Infect (Larchmt) , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-54
    • Barie, P.S.1    Hydo, L.J.2    Shou, J.3    Larone, D.H.4    Eachempati, S.R.5
  • 25
    • 0026644214 scopus 로고
    • Duration of antibiotic therapy for penetrating abdominal trauma: A prospective trial
    • Fabian TC, Croce MA, Payne LW, Minard G, Pritchard FE, Kudsk KA. Duration of antibiotic therapy for penetrating abdominal trauma: a prospective trial. Surgery. 1992;112(4):788-794.
    • (1992) Surgery , vol.112 , Issue.4 , pp. 788-794
    • Fabian, T.C.1    Croce, M.A.2    Payne, L.W.3    Minard, G.4    Pritchard, F.E.5    Kudsk, K.A.6
  • 26
    • 0034720840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis after cardiovascular surgery and its effect on surgical site infections and antimicrobial resistance
    • Harbarth S, Samore MH, Lichtenberg D, Carmeli Y. Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis after cardiovascular surgery and its effect on surgical site infections and antimicrobial resistance. Circulation. 2000;101(25):2916-2921.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , Issue.25 , pp. 2916-2921
    • Harbarth, S.1    Samore, M.H.2    Lichtenberg, D.3    Carmeli, Y.4
  • 27
    • 0027382380 scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis
    • Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis. JAMA. 1993;270(16):1965-1970.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , Issue.16 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 28
    • 33845253330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of broad-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis on intracranial pressure monitor infections and subsequent infectious complications in headinjured patients
    • May AK, Fleming SB, Carpenter RO, et al. Influence of broad-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis on intracranial pressure monitor infections and subsequent infectious complications in headinjured patients. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2006;7(5):409-417.
    • (2006) Surg Infect (Larchmt) , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 409-417
    • May, A.K.1    Fleming, S.B.2    Carpenter, R.O.3
  • 30
    • 0031886820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria
    • Trouillet JL, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(2):531-539.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 531-539
    • Trouillet, J.L.1    Chastre, J.2    Vuagnat, A.3
  • 31
    • 0036254567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe trauma is not an excuse for prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis
    • Velmahos GC, Toutouzas KG, Sarkisyan G, et al. Severe trauma is not an excuse for prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis. Arch Surg. 2002;137(5):537-541.
    • (2002) Arch Surg , vol.137 , Issue.5 , pp. 537-541
    • Velmahos, G.C.1    Toutouzas, K.G.2    Sarkisyan, G.3
  • 32
    • 73449119926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne transmission of disease in hospitals
    • Eames I, Tang JW, Li Y, Wilson P. Airborne transmission of disease in hospitals. J R Soc Interface. 2009;6(suppl 6):S697-S702.
    • (2009) J R Soc Interface , vol.6 , pp. S697-S702
    • Eames, I.1    Tang, J.W.2    Li, Y.3    Wilson, P.4
  • 33
    • 73449083384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exhaled droplets due to talking and coughing
    • Xie X, Li Y, Sun H, Liu L. Exhaled droplets due to talking and coughing. J R Soc Interface. 2009;6(suppl 6):S703-S714.
    • (2009) J R Soc Interface , vol.6 , pp. S703-S714
    • Xie, X.1    Li, Y.2    Sun, H.3    Liu, L.4
  • 34
    • 0033144066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne particulates in the OR environment
    • Edmiston CE Jr, Sinski S, Seabrook GR, et al. Airborne particulates in the OR environment. AORN J. 1999;69(6):1169-1172.
    • (1999) AORN J , vol.69 , Issue.6 , pp. 1169-1172
    • Edmiston, C.E.1    Sinski, S.2    Seabrook, G.R.3
  • 35
    • 27544446930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of microbial contamination in the operating room environment: Is there a risk for infection?
    • Edmiston CE Jr, Seabrook GR, Cambria RA, et al. Molecular epidemiology of microbial contamination in the operating room environment: Is there a risk for infection? Surgery. 2005;138(4):573-579.
    • (2005) Surgery , vol.138 , Issue.4 , pp. 573-579
    • Edmiston, C.E.1    Seabrook, G.R.2    Cambria, R.A.3
  • 36
    • 84856593375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive detection of pulmonary pathogens in ventilator-circuit filters by PCR
    • Isaacs RJ, Debelak K, Norris PR, et al. Non-invasive detection of pulmonary pathogens in ventilator-circuit filters by PCR. Am J Transl Res. 2012;4(1):72-82.
    • (2012) Am J Transl Res , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-82
    • Isaacs, R.J.1    Debelak, K.2    Norris, P.R.3
  • 37
    • 34248676562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the BD Phoenix automated microbiology system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae
    • Carroll KC, Glanz BD, Borek AP, et al. Evaluation of the BD Phoenix automated microbiology system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44(10):3506-3509.
    • (2006) J Clin Microbiol , vol.44 , Issue.10 , pp. 3506-3509
    • Carroll, K.C.1    Glanz, B.D.2    Borek, A.P.3
  • 38
    • 0036146824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broadrange (universal) probe and primers set
    • Nadkarni MA, Martin FE, Jacques NA, Hunter N. Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broadrange (universal) probe and primers set. Microbiology. 2002;148 (pt 1):257-266.
    • (2002) Microbiology , vol.148 , pp. 257-266
    • Nadkarni, M.A.1    Martin, F.E.2    Jacques, N.A.3    Hunter, N.4
  • 39
    • 70349958003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a modified broad-range 16S rDNA PCR for diagnostic purposes in clinical microbiology
    • Cherkaoui A, Emonet S, Ceroni D, et al. Development and validation of a modified broad-range 16S rDNA PCR for diagnostic purposes in clinical microbiology. J Microbiol Methods. 2009;79(2):227-231.
    • (2009) J Microbiol Methods , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-231
    • Cherkaoui, A.1    Emonet, S.2    Ceroni, D.3
  • 40
    • 78650113970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial 16S rRNA/rDNA profiling in the liquid phase of human saliva
    • Gu F, Li Y, Zhou C, et al. Bacterial 16S rRNA/rDNA profiling in the liquid phase of human saliva. Open Dent J. 2009;3:80-84.
    • (2009) Open Dent J , vol.3 , pp. 80-84
    • Gu, F.1    Li, Y.2    Zhou, C.3
  • 41
    • 26944478553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of universal probes and primer sets for assessing total bacterial load in clinical samples: General implications and practical use in endodontic antimicrobial therapy
    • Horz HP, Vianna ME, Gomes BP, Conrads G. Evaluation of universal probes and primer sets for assessing total bacterial load in clinical samples: general implications and practical use in endodontic antimicrobial therapy. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(10):5332-5337.
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 5332-5337
    • Horz, H.P.1    Vianna, M.E.2    Gomes, B.P.3    Conrads, G.4
  • 42
    • 0035984786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H. Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46(7):2155-2161.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , Issue.7 , pp. 2155-2161
    • Oliveira, D.C.1    De Lencastre, H.2
  • 43
    • 67651233862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad-range PCR, cloning and sequencing of the full 16S rRNA gene for detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples of Tunisian patients with reactive and undifferentiated arthritis
    • Siala M, Gdoura R, Fourati H, et al. Broad-range PCR, cloning and sequencing of the full 16S rRNA gene for detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples of Tunisian patients with reactive and undifferentiated arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(4):R102.
    • (2009) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. R102
    • Siala, M.1    Gdoura, R.2    Fourati, H.3
  • 44
    • 78651375313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of quantitative PCR reliability through replicates using the C method
    • Stowers CC, Haselton FR, Boczko EM. An analysis of quantitative PCR reliability through replicates using the C method. J Biomed Sci Eng. 2010;3(5):459-469.
    • (2010) J Biomed Sci Eng , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 459-469
    • Stowers, C.C.1    Haselton, F.R.2    Boczko, E.M.3
  • 45
    • 0029175752 scopus 로고
    • ELISA technique for quantification of surfactant protein B (SP-B) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
    • Krämer HJ, Schmidt R, Günther A, Becker G, Suzuki Y, Seeger W. ELISA technique for quantification of surfactant protein B (SP-B) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(5 pt 1):1540-1544.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.152 , Issue.5 , pp. 1540-1544
    • Krämer, H.J.1    Schmidt, R.2    Günther, A.3    Becker, G.4    Suzuki, Y.5    Seeger, W.6
  • 46
    • 41249101849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycerophospholipid identification and quantitation by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
    • Ivanova PT, Milne SB, Byrne MO, Xiang Y, Brown HA. Glycerophospholipid identification and quantitation by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Methods Enzymol. 2007;432:21-57.
    • (2007) Methods Enzymol , vol.432 , pp. 21-57
    • Ivanova, P.T.1    Milne, S.B.2    Byrne, M.O.3    Xiang, Y.4    Brown, H.A.5
  • 47
    • 0032580320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: Comparison of seven methods
    • Newcombe RG. Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods. Stat Med. 1998;17(8):857-872.
    • (1998) Stat Med , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 857-872
    • Newcombe, R.G.1
  • 48
    • 0000165343 scopus 로고
    • Standard error of the Kappa statistic
    • Hanley JA. Standard error of the Kappa statistic. Psychol Bull. 1987;102(2):315-321.
    • (1987) Psychol Bull , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 315-321
    • Hanley, J.A.1
  • 49
    • 28344446191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation in exhaled air of cystic fibrosis children with bacterial airway infections
    • Bodini A, D'Orazio C, Peroni D, et al. Biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation in exhaled air of cystic fibrosis children with bacterial airway infections. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005;40(6):494-499.
    • (2005) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 494-499
    • Bodini, A.1    D'Orazio, C.2    Peroni, D.3
  • 51
    • 35748969918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exhaled breath condensate: An overview
    • Hunt J. Exhaled breath condensate: an overview. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2007;27(4):587-596.
    • (2007) Immunol Allergy Clin North Am , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 587-596
    • Hunt, J.1
  • 53
    • 49949084652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: An observational study
    • Fabian P, McDevitt JJ, DeHaan WH, et al. Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study. PLoS One. 2008;3(7):e2691.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , Issue.7
    • Fabian, P.1    McDevitt, J.J.2    DeHaan, W.H.3
  • 54
    • 62749165335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of virulent Rhodococcus equi in exhaled air samples from naturally infected foals
    • Muscatello G, Gilkerson JR, Browning GF. Detection of virulent Rhodococcus equi in exhaled air samples from naturally infected foals. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47(3):734-737.
    • (2009) J Clin Microbiol , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 734-737
    • Muscatello, G.1    Gilkerson, J.R.2    Browning, G.F.3
  • 55
    • 34248547055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of oral and respiratory bacterial species associated with ventilatorassociated pneumonia
    • Bahrani-Mougeot FK, Paster BJ, Coleman S, et al. Molecular analysis of oral and respiratory bacterial species associated with ventilatorassociated pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(5):1588-1593.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 1588-1593
    • Bahrani-Mougeot, F.K.1    Paster, B.J.2    Coleman, S.3
  • 56
    • 84881662474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and construction of a single tube, quantitative endpoint, LATE-PCR multiplex assay for ventilatorassociated pneumonia
    • Rice LM, Reis AH Jr, Mistry R, et al. Design and construction of a single tube, quantitative endpoint, LATE-PCR multiplex assay for ventilatorassociated pneumonia. J Appl Microbiol. 2013;115(3):818-827.
    • (2013) J Appl Microbiol , vol.115 , Issue.3 , pp. 818-827
    • Rice, L.M.1    Reis, A.H.2    Mistry, R.3
  • 57
    • 84890405421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple breath sampling method in intubated and mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
    • Bos LD, Wang Y, Weda H, et al. A simple breath sampling method in intubated and mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2014;191:67-74.
    • (2014) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.191 , pp. 67-74
    • Bos, L.D.1    Wang, Y.2    Weda, H.3
  • 58
    • 84862288719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion mobility spectrometry for microbial volatile organic compounds: A new identification tool for human pathogenic bacteria
    • Jünger M, Vautz W, Kuhns M, et al. Ion mobility spectrometry for microbial volatile organic compounds: a new identification tool for human pathogenic bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012;93(6):2603-2614.
    • (2012) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol , vol.93 , Issue.6 , pp. 2603-2614
    • Jünger, M.1    Vautz, W.2    Kuhns, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.