Google-driven search for big data in autoimmune geoepidemiology: Analysis of 394,827 patients with systemic autoimmune diseases

Autoimmunity Reviews

Volumn 14, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 670-679

  Ramos Casals, Manuel ^a   Brito Zerón, Pilar ^a   Kostov, Belchin ^b   Sisó Almirall, Antoni ^b   Bosch, Xavier ^a   Buss, David ^a   Trilla, Antoni ^c   Stone, John H ^d,e   Khamashta, Munther A ^f   Shoenfeld, Yehuda ^g  

^a HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^b INSTITUT D INVESTIGACIONS BIOMÈDIQUES AUGUST PI I SUNYER IDIBAPS   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^d HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^e MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^f ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^g TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Big data; Geoepidemiology; Google; Sj gren syndrome; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Systemic sclerosis; Vasculitis

Indexed keywords

AMYLOIDOSIS; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GEOGRAPHY; GIANT CELL ARTERITIS; HEALTH INSURANCE; HUMAN; MEDLINE; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MUCOCUTANEOUS LYMPH NODE SYNDROME; MYOPATHY; ONSET AGE; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; RHEUMATIC POLYMYALGIA; SARCOIDOSIS; SEARCH ENGINE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC); SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS; SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS; VASCULITIS; WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS; AGE OF ONSET; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; HUMANS; INTERNET; SEX CHARACTERISTICS;

AGE OF ONSET; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; HUMANS; INTERNET; SEX CHARACTERISTICS;

EID: 84930765055     PISSN: 15689972     EISSN: 18730183     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.03.008     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Cox Michael, Ellsworth David Managing big data for scientific visualization. ACM SIGGRAPH '97 course #4, exploring gigabyte datasets in real-time: algorithms, data management, and time-critical design August 1997, ACM Digital Library, Anaheim, CA, US, Los Angeles, CA.
2. Bryant R.E., Katz R.H., Lazowska E.D., Bryant R.E., Katz R.H., Lazowska E.D. Big-data computing: creating revolutionary breakthroughs in commerce, science, and society, ver. 8 2008, Computing Research Association, Computing Community Consortium, [http://www.just.edu.jo/~amerb/teaching/2-12-13/cs728/20123173012.pdf].
3. Davenport Tom Big data at work: dispelling the myths, uncovering the opportunities 2014.
4. Gill Press 12 Big data definitions: what's yours?. Forbes 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2014/09/03/12-big-data-definitions-whats-yours/.
5. Shoenfeld Y., Tincani A., Gershwin M.E. Sex gender and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2012, 38:J71-J73.
6. Shapira Y., Agmon-Levin N., Shoenfeld Y. Geoepidemiology of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010, 6:468-476.
7. Alba M.A., Velasco C., Simeón C.P., Fonollosa V., Trapiella L., Egurbide M.V., et al. RESCLE registry. Early- versus late-onset systemic sclerosis: differences in clinical presentation and outcome in 1037 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014, 93:73-81.
8. Ali Y.M., Urowitz M.B., Ibanez D., Gladman D.D. Monoclonal gammopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2007, 16:426-429.
9. Askling J., Grunewald J., Eklund A., Hillerdal G., Ekbom A. Increased risk for cancer following sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999, 160:1668-1672.
10. Avouac J., Walker U., Tyndall A., Kahan A., Matucci-Cerinic M., Allanore Y., et al. J Rheumatol 2010, 37:1488-1501.
11. Baer A.N., Maynard J.W., Shaikh F., Magder L.S., Petri M. Secondary Sjogren's syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus defines a distinct disease subset. J Rheumatol 2010, 37:1143-1149.
12. Baldini C., Pepe P., Quartuccio L., Priori R., Bartoloni E., Alunno A., et al. Primary Sjogren's syndrome as a multi-organ disease: impact of the serological profile on the clinical presentation of the disease in a large cohort of Italian patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014, 53:839-844.
13. Bang D., Lee J.H., Lee E.S., Lee S., Choi J.S., Kim Y.K., et al. Epidemiologic and clinical survey of Behcet's disease in Korea: the first multicenter study. J Korean Med Sci 2001, 16:615-618.
14. Bang D., Oh S., Lee K.H., Lee E.S., Lee S. Influence of sex on patients with Behçet's disease in Korea. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003, 528:59-63.
15. Bernatsky S., Clarke A., Gladman D.D., Urowitz M., Fortin P.R., Barr S.G., et al. Mortality related to cerebrovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2006, 15:835-839.
16. Brincker H., Wilbek E. The incidence of malignant tumours in patients with respiratory sarcoidosis. Br J Cancer 1974, 29:247-251.
17. Brito-Zerón P., Kostov B., Solans R., Fraile G., Suárez-Cuervo C., Casanovas A., et al. Systemic activity and mortality in primary Sjögren syndrome: predicting survival using the EULAR-SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) in 1045 patients. Ann Rheum Dis Nov 28 2014, [pii: annrheumdis-2014-206418. Epub ahead of print PubMed PMID: 25433020]. 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206418.
18. CEREDIH The French PID study group. The French national registry of primary immunodeficiency diseases. Clin Immunol 2010, 135:264-272.
19. Cervera R., Piette J.C., Font J., Khamashta M.A., Shoenfeld Y., Camps M.T., et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:1019-1027.
20. Cervera R., Khamashta M.A., Font J., Sebastiani G.D., Gil A., Lavilla P., et al. Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 5-year period. A multicenter prospective study of 1,000 patients. European Working Party on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore) 1999, 78:167-175.
21. Chambellan A., Turbie P., Nunes H., Brauner M., Battesti J.P., Valeyre D. Endoluminal stenosis of proximal bronchi in sarcoidosis: bronchoscopy, function, and evolution. Chest 2005, 127:472-481.
22. Chang R.K. Epidemiologic characteristics of children hospitalized for Kawasaki disease in California. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002, 21:1150-1155.
23. Cho S.B., Kim J., Kang S.W., Yoo T.H., Zheng Z., Cho S., et al. Renal manifestations in 2007 Korean patients with Behçet's disease. Yonsei Med J 2013, 54:189-196.
24. Chu S.Y., Chen Y.J., Liu C.J., Tseng W.C., Lin M.W., Hwang C.Y., et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction in systemic sclerosis: a nationwide population-based study. Am J Med 2013, 126:982-988.
25. Chung W.S., Lin C.L., Sung F.C., Hsu W.H., Chen Y.F., Kao C.H. Increased risks of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in Sjögren syndrome: a nationwide cohort study. J Rheumatol 2014, 41:909-915.
26. Cowan A.J., Skinner M., Seldin D.C., Berk J.L., Lichtenstein D.R., O'Hara C.J., et al. Amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract: a 13-year, single-center, referral experience. Haematologica 2013, 98:141-146.
27. Crosslin K.L., Wiginton K.L. Sex differences in disease severity among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Gend Med 2011, 8:365-371.
28. Darlington P., Gabrielsen A., Sörensson P., Cederlund K., Eklund A., Grunewald J. Cardiac involvement in Caucasian patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Respir Res 2014, 15:15.
29. Davatchi F., Shahram F., Chams-Davatchi C., Shams H., Nadji A., Akhlaghi M., et al. Behcet's disease in Iran: analysis of 6500 cases. Int J Rheum Dis 2010, 13:367-373.
30. Denton C.P., Krieg T., Guillevin L., Schwierin B., Rosenberg D., Silkey M., et al. Demographic, clinical and antibody characteristics of patients with digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: data from the DUO Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2012, 71:718-721.
31. Derrett-Smith E.C., Nihtyanova S.I., Harvey J., Salama A.D., Denton C.P. Revisiting ANCA-associated vasculitis in systemic sclerosis: clinical, serological and immunogenetic factors. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013, 52:1824-1831.
32. Durand M., Thomas S.L. Incidence of infections in patients with giant cell arteritis: a cohort study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012, 64:581-588.
33. Ferri C., Valentini G., Cozzi F., Sebastiani M., Michelassi C., La Montagna G., et al. Systemic sclerosis: demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 1,012 Italian patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2002, 81:139-153.
34. Fox P.C., Bowman S.J., Segal B., Vivino F.B., Murukutla N., Choueiri K., et al. Oral involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome. J Am Dent Assoc 2008, 139:1592-1601.
35. García M.A., Alarcón G.S., Boggio G., Hachuel L., Marcos A.I., Marcos J.C., et al. Primary cardiac disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: protective and risk factors-data from a multi-ethnic Latin American cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014, 53:1431-1438.
36. Gathmann B., Goldacker S., Klima M., Belohradsky B.H., Notheis G., Ehl S., et al. Clin Exp Immunol 2013, 173:372-380.
37. Gathmann B., Binder N., Ehl S., Kindle G. ESID Registry Working Party. The European internet-based patient and research database for primary immunodeficiencies: update 2011. Clin Exp Immunol 2012, 167:479-491.
38. Gürler A., Boyvat A., Türsen U. Clinical manifestations of Behçet's disease: an analysis of 2147 patients. Yonsei Med J 1997, 38:423-427.
39. Halligan C.S., Lacy M.Q., Vincent Rajkumar S., Dispenzieri A., Witzig T.E., Lust J.A., et al. Natural history of thromboembolism in AL amyloidosis. Amyloid 2006, 13:31-36.
40. Hancock A.T., Mallen C.D., Muller S., Belcher J., Roddy E., Helliwell T., et al. Risk of vascular events in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. CMAJ 2014, 186:E495-E501.
41. Holle J.U., Gross W.L., Holl-Ulrich K., Ambrosch P., Noelle B., Both M., et al. Prospective long-term follow-up of patients with localised Wegener's granulomatosis: does it occur as persistent disease stage?. Ann Rheum Dis 2010, 69:1934-1939.
42. Ji J., Liu X., Sundquist K., Sundquist J., Hemminki K. Cancer risk in patients hospitalized with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a follow-up study in Sweden. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010, 49:1158-1163.
43. Kim do Y., Choi M.J., Kim H.Y., Cho S., Cho S.B., Bang D. Development and validation of an electronic medical record-based disease activity index for Behçet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2014, 32(4 Suppl. 84):S40-S44.
44. Kim H.J., Park Y.J., Kim W.U., Park S.H., Cho C.S. Invasive fungal infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: experience from affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea. Lupus 2009, 18:661-666.
45. Kim G.B., Han J.W., Park Y.W., Song M.S., Hong Y.M., Cha S.H., et al. Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in South Korea: data from nationwide survey, 2009-2011. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014, 33:24-27.
46. Kitaichi N., Miyazaki A., Iwata D., Ohno S., Stanford M.R., Chams H. Ocular features of Behcet's disease: an international collaborative study. Br J Ophthalmol 2007, 91:1579-1582.
47. Knight A., Askling J., Ekbom A. Cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Int J Cancer 2002, 100:82-85.
48. Kourelis T.V., Kumar S.K., Gertz M.A., Lacy M.Q., Buadi F.K., Hayman S.R., et al. Coexistent multiple myeloma or increased bone marrow plasma cells define equally high-risk populations in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. J Clin Oncol 2013, 31:4319-4324.
49. Kumar S., Dispenzieri A., Lacy M.Q., Hayman S.R., Leung N., Zeldenrust S.R., et al. Serum uric acid: novel prognostic factor in primary systemic amyloidosis. Mayo Clin Proc 2008, 83:297-303.
50. Le Jeune I., Gribbin J., West J., Smith C., Cullinan P., Hubbard R. The incidence of cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis in the UK. Respir Med 2007, 101:2534-2540.
51. Lin C., Lin S.W., Weng S.F., Lin Y.S. Risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based cohort study. Audiol Neurootol 2013, 18:95-100.
52. Lyons P.A., Rayner T.F., Trivedi S., Holle J.U., Watts R.A., Jayne D.R., et al. Genetically distinct subsets within ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:214-223.
53. Manlhiot C., Yeung R.S., Clarizia N.A., Chahal N., McCrindle B.W. Kawasaki disease at the extremes of the age spectrum. Pediatrics 2009, 124:e410-e415.
54. Manno R.L., Wigley F.M., Gelber A.C., Hummers L.K. Late-age onset systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2011, 38:1317-1325.
55. Maripuri S., Grande J.P., Osborn T.G., Fervenza F.C., Matteson E.L., Donadio J.V., et al. Renal involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a clinicopathologic study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 4:1423-1431.
56. Nakamura Y., Yashiro M., Uehara R., Sadakane A., Tsuboi S., Aoyama Y., et al. Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Japan: results of the 2009-2010 nationwide survey. J Epidemiol 2012, 22:216-221.
57. Nakamura Y., Oki I., Tanihara S., Ojima T., Yanagawa H. Cardiac sequelae in recurrent cases of Kawasaki disease: a comparison between the initial episode of the disease and a recurrence in the same patients. Pediatrics 1998, 102. E66.
58. Nishiyama M., Nakae K., Yukawa S., Hashimoto T., Inaba G., Mochizuki M., et al. A study of comparison between the nationwide epidemiological survey in 1991 and previous surveys on Behçet's disease in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 1999, 4:130-134.
59. Nordmark G., Wang C., Vasaitis L., Eriksson P., Theander E., Kvarnström M., et al. Association of genes in the NF-κB pathway with antibody-positive primary Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2013, 78:447-454.
60. Olesen A.B., Svaerke C., Farkas D.K., Sørensen H.T. Systemic sclerosis and the risk of cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2010, 163:800-806.
61. Pan Y.X., Ye Q., Shao W.X., Shang S.Q., Mao J.H., Zhang T., et al. Relationship between immune parameters and organ involvement in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PLoS One 2014, 9. e115261.
62. Park K.D., Bang D., Lee E.S., Lee S.H., Lee S. Clinical study on death in Behçet's disease. J Korean Med Sci 1993, 8:241-245.
63. Pelletier E.M., Ogale S., Yu E., Brunetta P., Garg J. Economic outcomes in patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus with versus without nephritis: results from an analysis of data from a US claims database. Clin Ther 2009, 31:2653-2664.
64. Petri H., Nevitt A., Sarsour K., Napalkov P., Collinson N. Incidence of giant cell arteritis and characteristics of patients: data-driven analysis of comorbidities. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015, 67:390-395.
65. Pope J., Harding S., Khimdas S., Bonner A., Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Baron M. Agreement with guidelines from a large database for management of systemic sclerosis: results from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group. J Rheumatol 2012, 39:524-531.
66. Quinti I., Pierdominici M., Marziali M., Giovannetti A., Donnanno S., Chapel H., et al. European surveillance of immunoglobulin safety-results of initial survey of 1243 patients with primary immunodeficiencies in 16 countries. Clin Immunol 2002, 104:231-236.
67. Rajkumar S.V., Gertz M.A., Kyle R.A. Primary systemic amyloidosis with delayed progression to multiple myeloma. Cancer 1998, 82:1501-1505.
68. Rajoriya N., Wotton C.J., Yeates D.G., Travis S.P., Goldacre M.J. Immune-mediated and chronic inflammatory disease in people with sarcoidosis: disease associations in a large UK database. Postgrad Med J 2009, 85:233-237.
69. Ramos-Casals M., Solans R., Rosas J., Camps M.T., Gil A., Del Pino-Montes J., et al. Primary Sjögren syndrome in Spain: clinical and immunologic expression in 1010 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2008, 87:210-219.
70. Ray J.G., Mamdani M.M., Geerts W.H. Giant cell arteritis and cardiovascular disease in older adults. Heart 2005, 91:324-328.
71. Redd D., Frech T.M., Murtaugh M.A., Rhiannon J., Zeng Q.T. Informatics can identify systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients at risk for scleroderma renal crisis. Comput Biol Med 2014, 53:203-205.
72. Rizzato G., Angi M., Fraioli P., Montemurro L., Pilotto E., Tommasini A. Uveitis as a presenting feature of chronic sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 1996, 9:1201-1205.
73. Robson J.C., Kiran A., Maskell J., Hutchings A., Arden N., Dasgupta B., et al. The relative risk of aortic aneurysm in patients with giant cell arteritis compared with the general population of the UK. Ann Rheum Dis 2015, 74:129-135.
74. Rothschild P.R., Pagnoux C., Seror R., Brézin A.P., Delair E., Guillevin L. Ophthalmologic manifestations of systemic necrotizing vasculitides at diagnosis: a retrospective study of 1286 patients and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013, 42:507-514.
75. Rúa-Figueroa Í., Richi P., López-Longo F.J., Galindo M., Calvo-Alén J., Olivé-Marqués A., et al. Comprehensive description of clinical characteristics of a large systemic lupus erythematosus cohort from the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) with emphasis on complete versus incomplete lupus differences. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015, 94:e267.
76. Salazar G.A., Assassi S., Wigley F., Hummers L., Varga J., Hinchcliff M., et al. Antinuclear antibody-negative systemic sclerosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum Nov 28 2014, [pii: S0049-0172(14)00293-5. Epub ahead of print PubMed PMID: 25578738]. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.11.006.
77. Sarica-Kucukoglu R., Akdag-Kose A., KayabalI M., Yazganoglu K.D., Disci R., Erzengin D., et al. Vascular involvement in Behçet's disease: a retrospective analysis of 2319 cases. Int J Dermatol 2006, 45:919-921.
78. Seki M., Kobayashi T., Kobayashi T., Morikawa A., Otani T., Takeuchi K., et al. External validation of a risk score to predict intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in patients with kawasaki disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011, 30:145-147.
79. Shahram F., Nadji A., Jamshidi A.R., Davatchi F. Large vessel involvement in Behcet's disease. Acta Med Iran 2004, 42:158-162.
80. Smoyer-Tomic K.E., Amato A.A., Fernandes A.W. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies among commercially insured, Medicare supplemental insured, and Medicaid enrolled populations: an administrative claims analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012, 13:103.
81. Steen V.D., Medsger T.A. Changes in causes of death in systemic sclerosis, 1972-2002. Ann Rheum Dis 2007, 66:940-944.
82. Suzuki A., Kamiya T., Kuwahara N., Ono Y., Kohata T., Takahashi O., et al. Coronary arterial lesions of Kawasaki disease: cardiac catheterization findings of 1100 cases. Pediatr Cardiol 1986, 7:3-9.
83. Tazi A., Desfemmes-Baleyte T., Soler P., Valeyre D., Hance A.J., Battesti J.P. Pulmonary sarcoidosis with a diffuse ground glass pattern on the chest radiograph. Thorax 1994, 49:793-797.
84. Tomasson G., Peloquin C., Mohammad A., Love T.J., Zhang Y., Choi H.K., et al. Risk for cardiovascular disease early and late after a diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2014, 160:73-80.
85. Tursen U., Gurler A., Boyvat A. Evaluation of clinical findings according to sex in 2313 Turkish patients with Behçet's disease. Int J Dermatol 2003, 42:346-351.
86. Valentonyte R., Hampe J., Huse K., Rosenstiel P., Albrecht M., Stenzel A., et al. Sarcoidosis is associated with a truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2. Nat Genet 2005, 37:357-364.
87. Ward M.M. Hospital experience and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: which patients benefit most from treatment at highly experienced hospitals?. J Rheumatol 2002, 29:1198-1206.
88. Ward M.M., Odutola J.J. Inter-hospital transfers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: characteristics, predictors, and outcomes. J Rheumatol 2006, 33:1578-1585.
89. Wixner J., Mundayat R., Karayal O.N., Anan I., Karling P., Suhr O.B., et al. THAOS: gastrointestinal manifestations of transthyretin amyloidosis - common complications of a rare disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014, 9:61.
90. Yang J., Yang W., Hirankarn N., Ye D.Q., Zhang Y., Pan H.F., et al. ELF1 is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Asian populations. Hum Mol Genet 2011, 20:601-607.
91. Zelazko M., Carneiro-Sampaio M., Cornejo de Luigi M., Garcia de Olarte D., Porras Madrigal O., Berrón Perez R., et al. Primary immunodeficiency diseases in Latin America: first report from eight countries participating in the LAGID. Latin American Group for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. J Clin Immunol 1998, 18:161-166.
92. Moroni L., Bianchi I., Lleo A. Geoepidemiology, gender and autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 2012, 11:A386-A392.
93. Borchers A.T., Naguwa S.M., Shoenfeld Y., Gershwin M.E. The geoepidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2010, 9:A277-A287.
94. Borchers A.T., Gershwin M.E. Giant cell arteritis: a review of classification, pathophysiology, geoepidemiology and treatment. Autoimmun Rev 2012, 11:A544-A554.
95. O'Malley K.J., Cook K.F., Price M.D., Wildes K.R., Hurdle J.F., Ashton C.M. Measuring diagnoses: ICD code accuracy. Health Serv Res 2005, 40:1620-1639.
96. Selmi C. The worldwide gradient of autoimmune conditions. Autoimmun Rev 2010, 9:A247-A250.
97. Youinou P., Pers J.O., Gershwin M.E., Shoenfeld Y. Geo-epidemiology and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2010, 34:J163-J167.
98. Selmi C., Tsuneyama K. Nutrition, geoepidemiology, and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2010, 9:A267-70.