Effects of skeletal streetscape design on perceived safety

Landscape and Urban Planning

Volumn 142, Issue , 2015, Pages 18-28

  Harvey, Chester ^a   Aultman Hall, Lisa ^a   Hurley, Stephanie E ^b   Troy, Austin ^c  

^a University of Vermont   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

GIS; Perceived safety; Street tree; Streetscape; Urban design

Indexed keywords

FORESTRY; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM;

DESIGN VARIABLES; ENVIRONMENTAL COMFORT; HUMAN PERCEPTION; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; STREET TREES; STREETSCAPE; URBAN DESIGN; URBAN ENVIRONMENTS;

URBAN PLANNING;

GIS; GUIDELINE; PERCEPTION; SKELETAL REMAINS; URBAN DESIGN; URBAN SITE;

GIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SAFETY; STRUCTURAL DESIGN;

EID: 84930683978     PISSN: 01692046     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.05.007     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alexander C., Ishikawa S., Silverstein M., Jacobson M., Fiksdahl-King I., Angel S. A pattern language: Towns, buildings, construction 1977, Oxford University Press, New York.
2. Alfonzo M.A. To walk or not to walk? The hierarchy of walking needs. Environment and Behavior 2005, 37(6):808-836.
3. Appleton J. The experience of landscape 1975, John Wiley, London.
4. Appleyard D., Gerson M.S., Lintell M. Livable streets 1981, University of California Press, Berkeley.
5. Arnold H.F. Trees in urban design 1993, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
6. Azgarzadeh M., Lusk A., Koga T., Hirate K. Measuring oppressiveness of streetscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 2012, 107(1):1-11.
7. Blöbaum A., Hunecke M. Perceived danger in urban public space: The impacts of physical features and personal factors. Environment and Behavior 2005, 37(4):465-486.
8. Blumenfeld H. The modern metropolis 1971, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. H. Blumenfeld, P.D. Spreiregen (Eds.).
9. Boarnet M.G., Forsyth A., Day K., Oakes J.M. The street level built environment and physical activity and walking: Results of a predictive validity study for the Irvine Minnesota Inventory. Environment and Behavior 2011, 43(6):735-775.
10. Carr L.J., Dunsiger S.I., Marcus B.H. Walk score as a global estimate of neighborhood walkability. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2010, 39(5):460-463.
11. City of New York NYC OpenData 2013, Retrieved from https://nycopendata.socrata.com/.
12. Clifton K.J., Livi Smith A.D., Rodriguez D. The development and testing of an audit for the pedestrian environment. Landscape and Urban Planning 2007, 80(1-2):95-110.
13. Cullen G. The concise townscape 1971, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
14. Dover V., Massengale J. Street design: The secret to great cities and towns 2013, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
15. Duncan D.T., Aldstadt J., Whalen J., Melly S.J., Gortmaker S.L. Validation of walk score for estimating neighborhood walkability: an analysis of four US metropolitan areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011, 8(11):4160-4179.
16. Ewing R., Cervero R. Travel and the built environment. Journal of the American Planning Association 2010, 76(3):265-294.
17. Ewing R., Clemente O. Measuring urban design: Metrics for livable places 2013, Island Press, Washington, DC.
18. Ewing R., Clemente O., Handy S., Brownson R.C., Winston E. Identifying and measuring urban design qualities related to walkability 2005, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
19. Ewing R., Dumbaugh E. The built environment and traffic safety: A review of empirical evidence. Journal of Planning Literature 2009, 23(4):347-367.
20. Ewing R., Handy S. Measuring the unmeasurable: Urban design qualities related to walkability. Journal of Urban Design 2009, 14(1):65-84.
21. Grove J.M., Troy A.R., O'Neil-Dunne J.P.M., Burch W.R., Cadenasso M.L., Pickett S.T.A. Characterization of households and its implications for the vegetation of urban ecosystems. Ecosystems 2006, 9(4):578-597.
22. Herzog T.R., Chernick K.K. Tranquility and danger in urban and natural settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2000, 20(1):29-39.
23. Herzog T.R., Flynn-Smith J.A. Preference and perceived danger as a functional of the perceived curvature, length, and width of urban alleys. Environment and Behavior 2001, 33(5):653-666.
24. Jacobs A.B. Great streets 1993, The MIT Press, Cambridge.
25. Jacobs J. The death and life of great American cities 1961, Random House, New York.
26. LaGrange R.L., Ferraro K.F. Assessing age and gender differences in perceived risk and fear of crime. Criminology 1989, 27(4):697-720.
27. Locke D.H., Grove J.M., Lu J.W.T., Troy A., Neil-dunne J.P.M.O., Beck B.D. Prioritizing preferable locations for increasing urban tree canopy in New York City. Cities and the Environment 2010, 3(1):1-18.
28. Lynch K. The image of the city 1960, The MIT Press, Cambridge.
29. Manaugh K., El-Geneidy A. Validating walkability indices: How do different households respond to the walkability of their neighborhood?. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2011, 16(4):309-315.
30. Moniruzzaman M., Páez A. A model-based approach to select case sites for walkability audits. Health & Place 2012, 18(6):1323-1334.
31. Montgomery C. Happy city: Transforming our lives through urban design 2013, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.
32. Nasar J.L. Environmental correlates of evaluative appraisals of central business district scenes. Landscape and Urban Planning 1987, 14:117-130.
33. National Association of City Transportation Officials Urban street design guide 2013, Island Press, Washington, DC.
34. Newman O. Defensible space: Crime prevention through urban design 1972, Macmillan, New York.
35. O'Brien R.M. A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality & Quantity 2007, 41(5):673-690.
36. Pikora T., Giles-corti B., Bull F., Jamrozik K., Donovan R. Developing a framework for assessment of the environmental determinants of walking and cycling. Social Science & Medicine 2003, 56(8):1693-1703.
37. Place Pulse Place Pulse 1.0: The pilot study (2010-2012). Macro connections 2014, MIT Media Lab, Retrieved from http://pulse.media.mit.edu/data/.
38. Saelens B.E., Sallis J.F., Frank L.D. Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2003, 25(2):80-91.
39. Salesses P., Schechtner K., Hidalgo C.A. The collaborative image of the city: mapping the inequality of urban perception. PLOS ONE 2013, 8(7):e68400.
40. Southworth M. Measuring the livable city. Built Environment 2003, 29(4):343-354.
41. Stamps A.E. Enclosure and safety in urbanscapes. Environment and Behavior 2005, 37(1):102-133.
42. Troy A., Morgan Grove J., O'Neil-Dunne J. The relationship between tree canopy and crime rates across an urban-rural gradient in the greater Baltimore region. Landscape and Urban Planning 2012, 106(3):262-270.
43. U.S.Census Bureau American community survey 5-year estimates 2012, Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/acs/www/data_documentation/summary_file/.
44. Walk Score Walk Score 2014, Retrieved from https://www.walkscore.com/.
45. Zhao L., Chen Y., Schaffner D.W. Comparison of logistic regression and linear regression in modeling percentage data. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2001, 67(5):2129-2135.