Mechanisms for perception of numerosity or texture-density are governed by crowding-like effects

Journal of Vision

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 1-12

  Anobile, Giovanni ^a   Turi, Marco ^a,b   Cicchini, Guido Marco ^c   Burr, David C ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^c CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

Approximate number system; Crowding; Numerical cognition; Numerosity; Texture density

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CROWDING (AREA); HUMAN; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PHYSIOLOGY; VISION;

ADULT; CROWDING; FORM PERCEPTION; HUMANS; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; SENSORY THRESHOLDS; VISION, OCULAR;

EID: 84930659536     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/15.5.4     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Anobile, G., Cicchini, G. M., & Burr, D. C. (2014). Separate mechanisms for perception of numerosity and density. Psychological Science, 25(1), 265-270, doi:10.1177/0956797613501520.
2. Anobile, G., Stievano, P., & Burr, D. C. (2013). Visual sustained attention and numerosity sensitivity correlate with math achievement in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 116(2), 380-391, doi:10.1016/J.Jecp.2013.06.006.
3. Arrighi, R., Togoli, I., & Burr, D. C. (2014). A generalized sense of number. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 281(1797), 20141791, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1791.
4. Bex, P. J., & Dakin, S. C. (2005). Spatial interference among moving targets. Vision Research, 45(11), 1385-1398.
5. Bouma, H. (1970). Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature, 226(5241), 177-178.
6. Brainard, D. H. (1997). The Psychophysics Toolbox. Spatial Vision, 10(4), 433-436.
7. Burr, D., & Ross, J. (2008). A visual sense of number. Current Biology, 18(6), 425-428, doi:10.1016/J.Cub.2008.02.052.
8. Burr, D. C., Anobile, G., & Turi, M. (2011). Adaptation affects both high and low (subitized) numbers under conditions of high attentional load. Seeing Perceiving, 24(2), 141-150, doi:10.1163/187847511X570097.
9. Burr, D. C., Turi, M., & Anobile, G. (2010). Subitizing but not estimation of numerosity requires attentional resources. Journal of Vision, 10(6):20, 1-10, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/10/6/20, doi:10.1167/10.6.20. [PubMed] [Article]
10. Cavanagh, P., & He, S. (2011). Attention mechanisms for counting in stabilized and in dynamic displays. In S. Dehaene & E. M. Brannon (Eds.), Space, time and number in the brain (pp. 23-35). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
11. Dakin, S. C., Tibber, M. S., Greenwood, J. A., Kingdom, F. A. A., & Morgan, M. J. (2011). A common visual metric for approximate number and density. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(49), 19552-19557, doi:10.1073/Pnas.1113195108.
12. Dehaene, S. (2011). The number sense: How the mind creates mathematics (Rev. ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
13. Durgin, F. H. (1995). Texture density adaptation and the perceived numerosity and distribution of texture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21(1), 149-169, doi:10.1037//0096-1523.21.1.149.
14. Durgin, F. H. (2008a). Texture density adaptation and visual number revisited. Current Biology, 18(18), R855-856; author reply R857-858, doi:10.1016/j. cub.2008.07.053.
15. Durgin, F. H. (2008b). Texture density adaptation and visual number revisited. Current Biology, 18(18), R855-R856, doi:10.1016/J.Cub.2008.07.053.
16. Franconeri, S. L., Bemis, D. K., & Alvarez, G. A. (2009). Number estimation relies on a set of segmented objects. Cognition, 113(1), 1-13, doi:10.1016/J.Cognition.2009.07.002.
17. Greenwood, J. A., Bex, P. J., & Dakin, S. C. (2009). Positional averaging explains crowding with letterlike stimuli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 106(31), 13130-13135.
18. Halberda, J., Mazzocco, M. M. M., & Feigenson, L. (2008). Individual differences in non-verbal number acuity correlate with maths achievement. Nature, 455(7213), 665-668, doi:10.1038/Nature07246.
19. Harvey, B. M., Klein, B. P., Petridou, N., & Dumoulin, S. O. (2013). Topographic representation of numerosity in the human parietal cortex. Science, 341(6150), 1123-1126, doi:10.1126/Science.1239052.
20. He, L. X., Zhang, J., Zhou, T. G., & Chen, L. (2009). Connectedness affects dot numerosity judgment:Implications for configural processing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(3), 509-517, doi:10.3758/Pbr.16.3.509.
21. Jevons, W. S. (1871). The power of numerical discrimination. Nature, 3, 363-372.
22. Knops, A., Piazza, M., Sengupta, R., Eger, E., & Melcher, D. (2014). A shared, flexible neural map architecture reflects capacity limits in both visual Short-term memory and enumeration. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(30), 9857-9866, doi:10.1523/Jneurosci.2758-13.2014.
23. Levi, D. M. (2008). Crowding-an essential bottleneck for object recognition: A mini-review. Vision Research, 48(5), 635-654, doi:10.1016/j.visres.2007.12.009.
24. Morgan, M. J., Raphael, S., Tibber, M. S., & Dakin, S. C. (2014). A texture-processing model of the 'visual sense of number'. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 281(1790), doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1137.
25. Piazza, M. (2010). Neurocognitive start-up tools for symbolic number representations. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(12), 542-551, doi:10.1016/J.Tics.2010.09.008.
26. Piazza, M., Facoetti, A., Trussardi, A. N., Berteletti, I., Conte, S., Lucangeli, D., & Zorzi, M. (2010). Developmental trajectory of number acuity reveals a severe impairment in developmental dyscalculia. Cognition, 116(1), 33-41, doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.03.012.
27. Piazza, M., Pinel, P., Le Bihan, D., & Dehaene, S. (2007). A magnitude code common to numerosities and number symbols in human intraparietal cortex. Neuron, 53(2), 293-305, doi:10.1016/J.Neuron.2006.11.022.
28. Ross, J. (2003). Visual discrimination of number without counting. Perception, 32(7), 867-870, doi:10.1068/P5029.
29. Ross, J., & Burr, D. (2012). Number, texture and crowding. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(4), 196-197, doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.01.010S1364-6613(12)00032-0[pii].
30. Ross, J., & Burr, D. C. (2010). Vision senses number directly. Journal of Vision, 10(2):10, 1-18, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/10/2/10, doi:10.1167/10.2.10. [PubMed] [Article]
31. Stoianov, I., & Zorzi, M. (2012). Emergence of a 'visual number sense' in hierarchical generative models. Nature Neuroscience, 15(2), 194-196, doi:10.1038/Nn.2996.
32. Tibber, M. S., Greenwood, J. A., & Dakin, S. C. (2012). Number and density discrimination rely on a common metric: Similar psychophysical effects of size, contrast, and divided attention. Journal of Vision, 12(6):8, 1-19, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/12/6/8, doi:10.1167/12.6.8. [PubMed] [Article]
33. Tibber, M. S., Manasseh, G. S., Clarke, R. C., Gagin, G., Swanbeck, S. N., Butterworth, B., & Dakin, S. C. (2013). Sensitivity to numerosity is not a unique visuospatial psychophysical predictor of mathematical ability. Vision Research, 89, 1-9, doi:10. 1016/j.visres.2013.06.006.
34. Toet, A., & Levi, D. M. (1992). The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea. Vision Research, 32(7), 1349-1357.
35. Valsecchi, M., Toscani, M., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2013). Perceived numerosity is reduced in peripheral vision. Journal of Vision, 13(13):7, 1-16, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/13/13/7, doi:10.1167/13.13.7. [PubMed] [Article]
36. van den Berg, R., Roerdink, J. B., & Cornelissen, F. W. (2007). On the generality of crowding: visual crowding in size, saturation, and hue compared to orientation. Journal of Vision, 7(2):14, 1-11, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/7/2/14, doi:10.1167/7.2.14. [PubMed] [Article]
37. Vetter, P., Butterworth, B., & Bahrami, B. (2008). Modulating attentional load affects numerosity estimation: Evidence against a pre-attentive subitizing mechanism. PLoS One, 3(9), e3269, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003269.
38. Watson, A. B., & Pelli, D. G. (1983). QUEST: A Bayesian adaptive psychometric method. Perception & Psychophysics, 33(2), 113-120.
39. Whalen, J., Gallistel, C. R., & Gelman, R. (1999). Nonverbal counting in humans: The psychophysics of number representation. Psychological Science, 10(2), 130-137, doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00120.
40. Whitney, D., & Levi, D. M. (2011). Visual crowding: A fundamental limit on conscious perception and object recognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(4), 160-168, doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.02.005S1364-6613(11)00032-5 [pii].
41. Wilkinson, F., Wilson, H. R., & Ellemberg, D. (1997). Lateral interactions in peripherally viewed texture arrays. Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 14(9), 2057-2068.
42. Wutz, A., & Melcher, D. (2014). The temporal window of individuation limits visual capacity. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, doi:10.3389/Fpsyg.2014.00952.