Moving forwards? Palynology and the human dimension

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 56, Issue , 2015, Pages 117-132

  Edwards, Kevin J ^a   Fyfe, Ralph M ^b   Hunt, Chris O ^c   Schofield, J Edward ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^c LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Land use history; Modelling; On site studies; Palynology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84930384812     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2015.02.010     Document Type: Article

References (189)

1. Andersen S.T. The relative pollen productivity and pollen representation of North European trees, and correction factors for tree pollen spectra. Danm. Geol. Unders. Ser. II 1970, 96:1-99.
2. Andersen S.T. Identification of wild grass and cereal pollen. Danm. Geol. Unders. Arb. 1979, 1978:69-92.
3. Andersen S.T., Bertelsen F. Scanning electron microscope studies of pollen of cereals and other grasses. Grana 1972, 12:79-86.
4. Baker A.G., Bhagwat S.A., Willis K.J. Do dung fungal spores make a good proxy for past distribution of large herbivores?. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2013, 62:21-31.
5. Bakker J.A., Groenman-van Waateringe W. Megaliths, soils and vegetation on the Drenthe Plateau. International Series 410 1988, 143-181. Oxford. W. Groenman-van Waateringe, M. Robinson (Eds.).
6. Behre K.-E. The interpretation of anthropogenic indicators in pollen diagrams. Pollen Spores 1981, 23:225-245.
7. Anthropogenic Indicators in Pollen Diagrams 1986, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. K.-E. Behre (Ed.).
8. Behre K.-E. Evidence for Mesolithic agriculture in and around central Europe?. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2007, 16:203-219.
9. Bell M., Walker M.J.C. Late Quaternary Environmental Change: Physical and Human Perspectives 2004, Routledge, London.
10. Íslendingabók. Landnámabók (Book of Icelanders, Book of Settlements) 1968, Íslenzk fornrit 1. Hid íslenzka fornritafélag, Reykjavík. J. Benediktsson (Ed.).
11. Beug H.-J. Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung 1961, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
12. Beug H.-J. Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung für Mitteleuropa und angrenzende Gebiete 2004, Verlag, Munich.
13. Birks H.H., Birks H.J.B. Future uses of pollen analysis must include plant macrofossils. J.Biogeogr. 2000, 27:31-35.
14. The Cultural Landscape - Past, Present and Future 1988, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. H.H. Birks, H.J.B. Birks, P.E. Kaland, D. Moe (Eds.).
15. Bosi G., Benatti A., Rinaldi R., Dallai D., Santini C., Carbognani M., Tomaselli M., Bandini Mazzanti M. The memory of water: archaeobotanical evidence of wetland plants from Modena (Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy) and palaeoecological remarks. Plant Biosyst. 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.998310.
16. Blackford J.J., Innes J.B. Linking current environments and processes to fungal spore assemblages: surface NPM data from woodland environments. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2006, 141:179-187.
17. Bottema S. The interpretation of pollen spectra from prehistoric settlements (with special attention to Liguliflorae). Palaeohistoria 1975, 17:17-35.
18. Bradshaw R. Stand-scale palynology. Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Science 2007, 2535-2543. Elsevier, London. S.A. Elias (Ed.).
19. Bradshaw R.H.W., Sykes M.T. Ecosystem Dynamics: from the Past to the Future 2014, Wiley, Chichester.
20. Broström A., Nielsen A.-B., Gaillard M.-J., Hjelle K., Mazier F., Binney H., Bunting M.-J., Fyfe R.M., Meltsov V., Poska A., Räsänen S., Soepboer W., Stedingk H., Suutari H., Sugita S. Pollen productivity estimates - the key to landscape reconstructions. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2008, 17:461-478.
21. Brown A. Dating the onset of cereal cultivation in Britain and Ireland: the evidence from charred cereal grains. Antiquity 2007, 81:1042-1052.
22. Brown A., Bradley R.J., Goldhahn J., Nord J., Skoglund P., Yendell V. The environmental context of a prehistoric rock carving on the Bjäre Peninsula, Scania, southern Sweden. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2011, 38:746-752.
23. Brush G.S., Brush L.M. Transport of pollen in a sediment-laden channel: a laboratory study. Am. J. Sci. 1972, 272:359-381.
24. Buckland P.C., Edwards K.J., Panagiotakopulu E., Schofield J.E. Palaeoecological and historical evidence for manuring and irrigation at Gardar (Igaliku), Norse Eastern Settlement, Greenland. Holocene 2009, 19:105-116.
25. Buckland P.C., Edwards K.J., Sadler J.P., Dinnin M.D. Late Holocene insect faunas from Mykines, Faroe Islands, with observations on associated pollen and early settlement records. Fródskaparrit 1998, 46:287-296.
26. Bunting M.J., Gaillard M.J., Sugita S., Middleton R., Bröstrom A. Vegetation structure and pollen source area. Holocene 2004, 14:651-660.
27. Bunting M.J., Middleton R. Equifinality and uncertainty in the interpretation of pollen data: the multiple scenario approach to reconstruction of past vegetation mosaics. Holocene 2009, 19:799-803.
28. Bunting M.J., Schofield J.E., Edwards K.J. Estimates of relative pollen productivity (RPP) for selected taxa from southern Greenland: a pragmatic solution. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2013, 190:66-74.
29. Bunting M.J., Tipping R. Sorting dross from data: possible indicators of post-depositional assemblage biasing in archaeological palynology. Symposia of the Association for Environmental Archaeology No. 19 2000, 63-69. Oxbow Books, Oxford. G. Bailey, R. Charles, N. Winder (Eds.).
30. Caseldine C.J., Fyfe R.M. Amodelling approach to locating and characterising elm decline/landnam clearances. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2006, 25:632-644.
31. Caseldine C.J., Fyfe R.M., Hjelle K. Pollen modelling, palaeoecology and archaeology - virtualisation and/or visualisation of the past?. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2008, 17:543-549.
32. Church M.J., Arge S.V., Edwards K.J., Ascough P.L., Bond J.M., Cook G.T., Dockrill S.J., Dugmore A.J., McGovern T.H., Nesbitt C., Simpson I.A. The Vikings were not the first colonizers of the Faroe Islands. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2013, 77:228-232.
33. Coles G.M., Gilbertson D.D. The airfall-pollen budget of archaeologically important caves: Creswell Crags, England. J.Archaeol. Sci. 1994, 21:735-755.
34. Coles G.M., Gilbertson D.D., Hunt C.O., Jenkinson R.D.S. Taphonomy and the palynology of cave deposits. Cave Sci. 1989, 16:83-89.
35. Cugny C., Mazier F., Galop D. Modern and fossil non-pollen palynomorphs from the Basque mountains (western Pyrenees, France): the use of coprophilous fungi to reconstruct pastoral activity. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2010, 19:391-408.
36. Cui Q.Y., Gaillard M.-J., Lemdahl G., Sugita S., Greisman A., Jacobson G.L., Olsson F. The role of tree composition in Holocene fire history of the hemiboreal and southern boreal zones of southern Sweden, as revealed by the application of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm: implications for biodiversity and climate-change issues. Holocene 2013, 23:1747-1763.
37. D'Anjou R.M., Bradley R.S., Balascio N.L., Finkelstein D.B. Climate impact on human settlement and agricultural activities in northern Norway revealed through sediment biogeochemistry. PNAS 2012, 109:20332-20337.
38. Davidson D.A., Carter S., Boag B., Long D., Tipping R., Tyler A. Analysis of pollen in soils: processes of incorporation and redistribution of pollen in five soil profile types. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1999, 31:643-653.
39. Davis B.A.S., Collins P.M., Kaplan J.O. The age and post-glacial development of the modern European vegetation: a plant functional approach based on pollen data. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2015, 24:303-317.
40. Davis M.B. On the theory of pollen analysis. Am. J. Sci. 1963, 261:897-912.
41. Deevey E. Introduction. Pleistocene Extinctions 1967, 63-72. Yale University Press, New Haven. P.S. Martin, H.E. Wright (Eds.).
42. Dickson C., Dickson J.H. Plants & People in Ancient Scotland 2000, Tempus, London.
43. Dimbleby G.W. Pollen analysis of terrestrial soils. New. Phytol. 1957, 56:12-28.
44. Dimbleby G.W. Soil pollen analysis. J.Soil Sci. 1961, 12:1-11.
45. Dimbleby G.W. Transported material in the soil profile. J.Soil Sci. 1961, 12:12-22.
46. Dimbleby G.W. The Development of British Heathlands and Their Soils 1962, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
47. Dimbleby G.W. The Palynology of Archaeological Sites 1985, Academic Press, London.
48. Dimbleby G.W., Evans J.G. Pollen and land-snail analysis of calcareous soils. J.Archaeol. Sci. 1974, 1:117-133.
49. Diot M.-F. Apport et conservation sporo-pollinique dans les grottes: relation avec la frequentation humaine et animale. Archeologie Experimentale. Tome 2 - La Terre 1991, 236-245. Editions Errance, Paris.
50. Donaldson M.P., Edwards K.J., Meharg A.A., Deacon C., Davidson D.A. Land use history of Village Bay, Hirta, St Kilda World Heritage Site: a palynological investigation of plaggen soils. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2009, 153:46-61.
51. Duffin K., Bunting M.J. Relative pollen productivity and fall speed estimates for southern African savanna taxa. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2008, 17:507-525.
52. Dugmore A.J., Church M.J., Buckland P.C., Edwards K.J., Lawson I., McGovern T.H., Panagiotakopulu E., Simpson I.A., Skidmore P., Sveinbjarnardóttir G. The Norse landnám on the North Atlantic islands: an environmental impact assessment. Polar Rec. 2005, 41:21-37.
53. Edwards K.J. Multiple profile studies and pollen variability. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 1983, 7:587-609.
54. Edwards K.J. Early farming, pollen and landscape impacts from northern Europe to the North Atlantic: conundrums. PNM, Publications from the National Museum Studies in Archaeology & History 2014, vol. 22:189-201. Copenhagen. H.C. Gulløv (Ed.).
55. Edwards K.J. The cereal pollen record and early agriculture. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1989, 113-135. Oxford. A. Milles, D. Williams, N. Gardner (Eds.).
56. Edwards K.J. Models of mid-Holocene forest farming in northwest Europe. Climate Change and Human Impact on the Landscape 1993, 133-145. Chapman and Hall, London. F.M. Chambers (Ed.).
57. Edwards K.J. The development and historiography of pollen studies in the Mesolithic of the Scottish islands. Mesolithic Horizons: Papers Presented at the Seventh International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Belfast 2005 2009, vol. 2:900-906. Oxbow Books, Oxford.
58. Edwards K.J., Borthwick D., Cook G., Dugmore A.J., Mairs K.-A., Church M.J., Simpson I.A., Adderley W.P. Ahypothesis-based approach to landscape change in Suderoy, Faroe Islands. Hum. Ecol. 2005, 33:621-650.
59. Edwards K.J., Erlendsson E., Schofield J.E. Is there a Norse 'footprint' in North Atlantic pollen records?. Viking Settlements and Society: Papers from the Sixteenth Viking Congress, Reykjavík and Reykholt, 16-23 August 2009 2011, 65-82. Hid íslenska fornleifafélag and University of Iceland Press, Reykjavík. S. Sigmundsson, A. Holt, G. Sigurdsson, G. Ólafsson, O. Vésteinsson (Eds.).
60. Edwards K.J., Hirons K.R. Cereal grains in pre-elm decline deposits: implications for the earliest agriculture in Britain and Ireland. J.Archaeol. Sci. 1984, 11:71-80.
61. Edwards K.J., MacDonald G.M. Holocene palynology: II Human influence and vegetation change. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 1991, 15:364-391.
62. Edwards K.J., McIntosh C.J. Improving the detection rate of cereal-type pollen grains from Ulmus decline and earlier deposits from Scotland. Pollen Spores 1988, 30:179-188.
63. Edwards K.J., Schofield J.E., Kirby J.R., Cook G.T. Problematic but promising ponds? Palaeoenviromental evidence from the Norse Eastern Settlement of Greenland. J.Quat. Sci. 2011, 26:854-865.
64. Edwards K.J., Schofield J.E., Mauquoy D. High resolution paleoenvironmental and chronological investigations of Norse landnám at Tasiusaq, Eastern Settlement, Greenland. Quat. Res. 2008, 69:1-15.
65. Edwards K.J., Whittington G. Soil pollen beneath the Cleaven Dyke. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph No. 13 1998, 42-46. Edinburgh. G. Barclay, G.S. Maxwell (Eds.).
66. Edwards K.J., Whittington G., Robinson M., Richter D. Palaeoenvironments, the archaeological record and cereal pollen detection at Clickimin, Shetland. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2005, 32:1741-1756.
67. Einarsson T. Pollen-analytical studies on the vegetation and climate history of Iceland in late and post-glacial times. North Atlantic Biota and Their History 1963, 355-365. Macmillan, New York. A. Love, D. Love (Eds.).
68. Erlendsson E., Edwards K.J., Buckland P.C. Vegetational response to human colonisation of the coastal and volcanic environments of Ketilsstadir, southern Iceland. Quat. Res. 2009, 72:174-187.
69. Fægri K. On the introduction of agriculture in Western Norway. Geol. Foren. Stock. For. 1944, 66:449-462.
70. Fægri K., Kaland P.E., Krzywinski K. Textbook of Pollen Analysis 1989, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. fourth ed.
71. Fall P. Pollen taphonomy in a canyon stream. Quat. Res. 1987, 28:393-406.
72. Feeser I., O'Connell M. Late Holocene land-use and vegetation dynamics in an upland karst region based on pollen and coprophilous fungal spore analyses: an example from the Burren, western Ireland. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2010, 19:409-426.
73. Firbas F. Der Pollenanalytysche Nachweis des Getreidebaus. Z.Bot. 1937, 31:447-478.
74. Fredskild B. Studies in the vegetational history of Greenland. Medd. Grønl. 1973, 198:1-245.
75. Fredskild B. Agriculture in a marginal area - south Greenland from the Norse landnám (985 A.D.) to the present (1985 A.D.). The Cultural Landscape - Past, Present and Future 1988, 381-393. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. H.H. Birks, H.J.B. Birks, P.E. Kaland, D. Moe (Eds.).
76. Fredh D., Broström A., Zillen L., Mazier F., Rundgren M., Lagerås P. Floristic diversity in the transition from traditional to modern land-use in southern Sweden A.D. 1800-2008. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2012, 21:439-452.
77. Fyfe R.M. GIS and the application of a model of pollen deposition and dispersal: a new approach to testing landscape hypotheses using the POLLANDCAL models. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2006, 33:483-493.
78. Fyfe R.M., Caseldine C., Gillings M. Pushing the boundaries of data? Issues in the construction of rich visual past landscapes. Quat. Int. 2010, 220:153-159.
79. Fyfe R.M., de Beaulieu J.L., Binney H., Bradshaw R.H.W., Brewer S., Le Flao A., Finsinger W., Gaillard M.-J., Giesecke T., Gil-Romera G., Grimm E.C., Huntley B., Kunes P., Kühl N., Leydet M., Lotter A.F., Tarasov P.E., Tonkov S. The European pollen database: past efforts and current activities. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2009, 18:417-424.
80. Fyfe R.M., Twiddle C., Sugita S., Gaillard M.J., Barratt P., Caseldine C., Dodson J., Edwards K.J., Farrell M., Froyd C., Grant M.J., Huckerby E., Innes J.B., Shaw H., Waller M. The Holocene vegetation cover of Britain and Ireland: overcoming problems of scale and discerning patterns of openness. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2013, 73:132-148.
81. Fyfe R.M., Woodbridge J., Roberts C.N. From forest to farmland: pollen-inferred land cover change across Europe using the pseudobiomization approach. Glob. Change Biol. 2014, 10.1111/gcb.12776.
82. Gaillard M.-J., Sugita S., Bunting M.J., Middleton R., Bröstrom A., Caseldine C., Giesecke T., Hellman S.E.V., Hicks S., Hjelle K., Langdon C., Nielson A.-B., Poska A., von Stedingk H., Veski S. The use of modelling and simulation approach in reconstructing past landscapes from fossil pollen data: a review and results from the POLLANDCAL network. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2008, 17:419-443. POLLANDCAL members.
83. Genty D., Diot M.F., O'Yl W. Sources of pollen in stalactite drip water in two caves in southwest France. Cave Karst Sci. 2001, 28:59-66.
84. Giguet-Covex C., Pansu J., Arnaud F., Rey P.-J., Griggo C., Gielly L., Domaizon I., Coissac E., David F., Choler P., Poulenard J., Taberlet P. Long livestock farming history and human landscape shaping revealed by lake sediment DNA. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5:4211. 10.1038/ncomms4211.
85. Godwin H. Age and origin of the 'Breckland' heaths of East Anglia. Nature 1944, 154:6-10.
86. Göransson H. Man and the forests of nemoral broad-leaved trees during the Stone Age. Striae 1986, 24:145-152.
87. Gregory R.A., Murphy E.M., Church M.J., Edwards K.J., Guttmann E.B., Simpson D.D.A. Archaeological evidence for the first Mesolithic occupation of the Western Isles of Scotland. Holocene 2005, 15:944-950.
88. Greig J.R.A. The interpretation of pollen spectra from urban archaeological deposits. Environmental Archaeology in the Urban Context 1981, 47-65. Council for British Archaeology Research Report 43, London. R.A. Hall, H.K. Kenward (Eds.).
89. Greig J.R.A., Turner J. Some pollen diagrams from Greece and their archaeological significance. J.Archaeol. Sci. 1974, 1:177-194.
90. Groenman-van Waateringe W. Palynology and archaeology: the history of a plaggen soil from the Veluwe, The Netherlands. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1992, 73:87-98.
91. Groenman-van Waateringe W. The Iceman's last days - the testimony of Ostrya carpinifolia. Antiquity 2011, 85:434-440.
92. Grohne U. Die Bedeutung des Phasenkrontrastsverfahrens für die Pollenanalyse, dargelegt am Beispiel der Gramineenpollen vom Getreidetyp. Photogr. Forsch. 1957, 7:237-248.
93. Hall S.A. Deteriorated pollen grains and the interpretation of Quaternary pollen diagrams. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1981, 32:193-206.
94. Hallsdóttir M. Pollen Analytical Studies of Human Influence on Vegetation in Relation to the Landnám Tephra Layer in Southwest Iceland 1987, (Lundqua thesis 18), Lund University, Lund.
95. Hannon G.E., Bradshaw R.H.W., Bradshaw E.G., Snowball I., Wastegård S. Climatic change and human settlement as drivers of late Holocene vegetation change in the Faroe Islands. Holocene 2005, 15:639-647.
96. Havinga A.J. Palynology and pollen preservation. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1967, 2:81-96.
97. Hellman S., Gaillard M.J., Broström A., Sugita S. The REVEALS model, a new tool to estimate past regional plant abundance from pollen data in large lakes: validation in southern Sweden. J.Quat. Sci. 2008, 23:21-42.
98. Henriksen P.S. Norse agriculture in Greenland - farming at the northern frontier. PNM, Publications from the National Museum Studies in Archaeology & History 2014, vol. 22:423-431. Copenhagen. H.C. Gulløv (Ed.).
99. Herrera L.F., Urrego L.E. Atlas de polen de plantas útiles y cultivadas de la Amazonia columbiana 1996, Tropenbos, Columbia, Estudios en la Amazonia columbiana 11.
100. Holt K.A., Bennett K.D. Principles and methods for automated palynology. New. Phytol. 2014, 203:735-742.
101. Hultberg T., Gaillard M.-J., Grundmann B., Lindbladh M. Reconstruction of past landscape openness using the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) applied on three local pollen sites in a southern Swedish biodiversity hotspot. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2015, 24:253-266.
102. Hunt C.O. Palynomorph taphonomy in the fluvial environment: an example from the Palaeolithic site at High Lodge, Mildenhall, UK. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series, 29 1994, 115-126. O.K. Davis (Ed.).
103. Hunt C. Palynology of the Barnham sequence. British Museum Occasional Publications 125 1998, 153-163. London. N.A. Ashton, S.G. Lewis, S. Parfitt (Eds.).
104. Hunt C.O., Coles G.M. The application of palynofacies analysis to geoarchaeology. British Archaeological Reports, British Series 196 1988, 473-484. Oxford. E.A. Slater, J.O. Tate (Eds.).
105. Hunt C.O., Gilbertson D.D., Rushworth G. Modern humans in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3: palaeoenvironmental evidence from the Great Cave of Niah. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2007, 34:1953-1969.
106. Hunt C.O., Rabett R.J. Holocene landscape intervention and plant food production strategies in island and mainland Southeast Asia. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:22-33.
107. Hunt C.O., Rushworth G. Pollen taphonomy and airfall sedimentation in a tropical cave: the West Mouth of The Great Cave of Niah in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2005, 32:465-473.
108. Hunt C.O., Rushworth G., Dykes A.P. UV-fluorescence microscopy and the coherence of pollen assemblages in environmental archaeology and Quaternary geology. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2007, 34:562-571.
109. Hunt C.O., Rushworth G., Gilbertson D.D., Mattingley D.J. Romano-Libyan dryland animal husbandry and landscape: pollen and palynofacies analyses of coprolites from a farm in the Wadi el-Amud, Tripolitania. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2001, 28:351-363.
110. Ibbetson H. Landscape Change in the Luddenden Valley, Halifax 2011, (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis), Queen's University Belfast.
111. Innes J.B., Blackford J.J., Simmons I.G. Testing the integrity of fine spatial resolution palaeoecological records: microcharcoal data from near-duplicate peat profiles from the North York Moors, UK. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2004, 214:295-307.
112. Iversen J. Landnam i Danmarks Stenalder. Land occupation in Denmark's Stone Age. Danm. Geol. Unders. Ser. II 1941, 66:1-65.
113. Jacobson G.L., Bradshaw R.H.W. The selection of sites for palaeovegetational studies. Quat. Res. 1981, 16:80-96.
114. Jóhansen J. Apalaeobotanical study indicating a Previking settlement in Tjornuvik, Faroe Islands. Fródskaparrit 1971, 19:147-157.
115. Jóhansen J. Cereal cultivation in Mykines, Faroe Islands AD 600. Danm. Geol. Unders. Arb. 1979, 1978:93-103.
116. Joly C., Barillé L., Barreau M., Mancheron A., Visset L. Grain and annulus diameter as criteria for distinguishing pollen grains of cereals from wild grasses. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2007, 146:221-233.
117. Kelso G.K. Pollen percolation rates in Euroamerican-era cultural deposits in the Northeastern United States. J.Archaeol. Sci. 1994, 21:481-488.
118. Köhler E., Lange E. Acontribution to distinguishing cereal from wild grass pollen grains by LM and SEM. Grana 1979, 18:133-140.
119. Lawson I.T., Gathorne-Hardy F.J., Church M.J., Newton A.J., Edwards K.J., Dugmore A.J., Einarsson Á. Environmental impacts of the Norse settlement: palaeoenvironmental data from Mývatnssveit, northern Iceland. Boreas 2007, 36:1-19.
120. Lebreton V., Messager E., Marquer L., Renault-Miskovsky J. Aneotaphonomic experiment in pollen oxidation and its implications for archaeopalynology. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2010, 162:29-38.
121. Lechterbeck J., Edinborough K., Kerig T., Fyfe R., Roberts N., Shennan S. Is Neolithic land use correlated with demography? An evaluation of pollen derived land cover and radiocarbon inferred demographic change from central Europe. Holocene 2014, 24:1297-1307.
122. Ledger P.M., Edwards K., Schofield J.E. Amultiple profile approach to the Palynological reconstruction of Norse landscapes in Greenland's Eastern Settlement. Quat. Res. 2014, 82:22-37.
123. Ledger P.M., Edwards K.J., Schofield J.E. Taphonomy or signal sensitivity in palaeoecological investigations in Vatnahverfi, southern Greenland?. Boreas 2015, 44:197-215.
124. Linseele V., Riemer H., Baeten J., de Vos D., Marinova E., Ottoni C. Species identification of archaeological dung remains: a critical review of potential methods. Env. Archaeol. 2013, 18:5-17.
125. López-Merino L., Leroy S.A.G., Haldorsen S., Heun M., Reynolds A. Can Triticum urartu (Poaceae) be identified by pollen analysis? Implications for detecting the ancestor of the extinct two-grained einkorn-like wheat. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 2015, 177:278-289.
126. Mander L., Baker S.J., Belcher C.M., Haselhorst D.S., Rodriguez J., Thorn J.L., Tiwari S., Urrego D.H., Wesseln C.J., Punyasena S.W. Accuracy and consistency of grass pollen identification by human analysts using electron micrographs of surface ornamentation. Appl. Plant Sci. 2014, 8. 1400031.
127. Mander L., Li M., Fowlkes C.C., Punyasena S.W. Classification of grass pollen through the quantitative analysis of surface ornamentation and texture. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 2013, 280. 20131905.
128. Manten A.A. Lennart von Post and the foundation of modern palynology. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1967, 1:11-22.
129. Marquer L., Gaillard M.-J., Sugita S., Trondman A.-K., Mazier F., Nielsen A.B., Fyfe R.M., Odgaard B., Alenius T., Birks H.J.B., Bjune A.E., Christiansen J., Dodson J., Edwards K.J., Giesecke T., Herzschuh U., Kangur M., Lorenz S., Poska A., Schult M., Seppä H. Holocene changes in vegetation composition in northern Europe: why pollen-based quantitative reconstructions matter?. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2014, 90:199-216.
130. Mayle F.E., Iriate J. Integrated palaeoecology and archaeology - a powerful approach for understanding pre-Columbian Amazonia. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:54-64.
131. Meadows M.E. Recent methodological advances in Quaternary palaeoecological proxies. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2014, 38:807-817.
132. Mercuri A.M. Plant exploitation and ethnopalynological evidence from the Wadi Teshuinat area (Tadarat Acacus, Libyan Sahara). J.Archaeol. Sci. 2008, 35:1619-1642.
133. Mercuri M., Marignani M., Sadori L. Palaeoecology and long-term human impact in plant biology. Plant Biosyst. 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.998309.
134. Nielsen A.B., Giesecke T., Theuerkauf M., Feeser I., Behre K.E., Beug H.J., Chen S.H., Christiansen J., Döefler W., Endtmann E., Jahns S., de Klerk P., Kuhl N., Latalowa M., Odgaard B.V., Rasmussen P., Stockhom J.R., Voigt R., Wiethold J., Wolters S. Quantitative reconstructions of changes in regional openness in north-central Europe reveal new insights into old questions. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2012, 47:131-149.
135. Nielsen A.B., Odgaard B. Quantitative landscape dynamics in Denmark through the last three millennia based on the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm approach. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2010, 19:375-387.
136. O'Brien C., Selby K., Ruiz Z., Brown A., Dinnin M., Caseldine C., Langdon P., Stuijts I. Asediment-based multiproxy palaeoecological approach to the environmental archaeology of lake dwellings (Crannogs), Central Ireland. Holocene 2005, 15:707-719.
137. Parducci L., Matetovici I., Fontana S., Bennett K.D., Suyama Y., Haile J., Kjær K.H., Larsen N.K., Drouzas A.D., Willerslev E. Molecular- and pollen-based vegetation analysis in lake sediments from central Scandinavia. Mol. Ecol. 2013, 22:3511-3524.
138. Patterson W.A., Edwards K.J., Maguire D.N. Microscopic charcoal as a fossil indicator of fire. Quat. Sci. Rev. 1987, 6:3-23.
139. Poska A., Saarse L. New evidence of possible crop introduction to north-eastern Europe during the Stone Age. Cerealia pollen finds in connection with the Akali Neolithic settlement, East Estonia. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2006, 15:169-179.
140. Prentice I.C. Pollen representation, source area, and basin size: toward a unified theory of pollen analysis. Quat. Res. 1985, 23:76-86.
141. Prentice I.C., Parsons R.W. Maximum likelihood linear calibration of pollen spectra in terms of forest composition. Biometrics 1983, 39:1051-1057.
142. Raper D., Bush M. Atest of Sporormiella representation as a predictor of megaherbivore presence and abundance. Quat. Res. 2009, 71:490-496.
143. Richardson M.J. Diversity and occurrence of coprophilous fungi. Mycol. Res. 2001, 105:387-402.
144. Rippon S.J., Fyfe R.M., Brown A.G. Beyond villages and open fields: the origins and development of a historic landscape characterised by dispersed settlement in South West England. Mediev. Archaeol. 2006, 50:31-70.
145. Roberts N. The Holocene: an Environmental History 2014, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. third ed.
146. Sadler J.P., Skidmore P. Introductions, extinctions or continuity? Faunal change in the North Atlantic islands. Human Impact and Adaptation: Ecological Relations in Historical Time 1995, 206-225. Blackwell, Oxford. R. Butlin, N. Roberts (Eds.).
147. Sadoria L., Masia A., Ricottaa C. Climate-driven past fires in central Sicily. Plant Biosyst. 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.992996.
148. Sangster A.G., Dale H.M. Apreliminary study of differential pollen grain preservation. Can. J. Bot. 1961, 39:35-43.
149. Sangster A.G., Dale H.M. Pollen grain preservation of underrepresented species in fossil spectra. Can. J. Bot. 1964, 42:437-449.
150. Schofield J.E., Edwards K.J. Grazing impacts and woodland management in Eriksfjord: Betula, coprophilous fungi, and the Norse settlement of Greenland. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2011, 20:181-197.
151. Schofield J.E., Edwards K.J., Erlendsson E., Ledger P.M. Palynology supports 'Old Norse' introductions to the flora of Greenland. J.Biogeogr. 2013, 40:1119-1130.
152. Seddon A.W.R., Mackay A.W., Baker A.G., Birks H.J.B., Breman E., Buck C.E., Ellis E.C., Froyd C.A., Gill J.L., Gillson L., Johnson E.A., Jones V.J., Juggins S., Macias-Fauria M., Mills K., Morris J.L., Nogués-Bravo D., Punyasena S.W., Roland T.P., Tanentzap A.J., Willis K.J., Aberhan M., van Asperen E.N., Austin W.E.N., Battarbee R.W., Bhagwat S., Belanger C.L., Bennett K.D., Birks H.H., Bronk Ramsey C., Brooks S.J., de Bruyn M., Butler P.G., Chambers F.M., Clarke S.J., Davies A.L., Dearing J.A., Ezard T.H.G., Feurdean A., Flower R.J., Gell P., Hausmann S., Hogan E.J., Hopkins M.J., Jeffers E.S., Korhola A.A., Marchant R., Kiefer T., Lamentowicz M., Larocque-Tobler I., López-Merino L., Liow L.H., McGowan S., Miller J.H., Montoya E., Morton O., Nogué S., Onoufriou C., Boush L.P., Rodriguez-Sanchez F., Rose N.L., Sayer C.D., Shaw H.E., Payne R., Simpson G., Sohar K., Whitehouse N.J., Williams J.W., Witkowski A. Looking forward through the past: identification of 50 priority research questions for palaeoecology. J.Ecol. 2014, 102:256-267.
153. Segerström U. Soil pollen analysis: an application for tracing ancient arable fields. J.Archaeol. Sci. 1991, 18:165-175.
154. Seppä H., Bennett K.D. Quaternary pollen analysis: recent progress in palaeoecology and palaeoclimatology. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2003, 27:548-579.
155. Simpson D.J., Hunt C.O. Scoping the past human environment: a case study of pollen taphonomy at the Haua Fteah, Cyrenaica, Libya. Arch. Rev. Camb. 2009, 24:27-46.
156. Soepboer W., Sugita S., Lotter A. Regional vegetation-cover changes on the Swiss Plateau during the past two millennia: a pollen-based reconstruction using the REVEALS model. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2010, 29:272-483.
157. Stedingk H., Fyfe R.M. The use of pollen analyses to reveal Holocene tree line dynamics - a modelling approach. Holocene 2009, 19:273-283.
158. Sugita S. Pollen representation of vegetation in Quaternary sediments: theory and method in patchy vegetation. J.Ecol. 1994, 82:881-897.
159. Sugita S. Theory of quantitative reconstruction of vegetation I: pollen from large lakes REVEALS regional vegetation composition. Holocene 2007, 17:229-241.
160. Sugita S. Theory of quantitative reconstruction of vegetation II: all you need is LOVE. Holocene 2007, 17:243-257.
161. Sugita S., Gaillard M.J., Broström A. Landscape openness and pollen records: a simulation approach. Holocene 1999, 9:409-421.
162. Sugita S., Parshall T., Calcote R., Walker K. Testing the landscape reconstruction algorithm for spatially explicit reconstruction of vegetation in northern Michigan and Wisconsin. Quat. Res. 2010, 74:289-300.
163. Swain A.M. Ahistory of fire and vegetation in northeastern Minnesota as recorded in lake sediment. Quat. Res. 1973, 3:383-396.
164. Dicuili Liber de Mensura Orbis Terrae. Scriptores Latini Hiberniae 1967, vol. 6. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin. J.J. Tierney (Ed.).
165. Tinner W., Nielsen E.H., Lotter A.F. Mesolithic agriculture in Switzerland? A critical review of the evidence. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2007, 26:1416-1431.
166. Tipping R. "Ritual" floral tributes in the Scottish Bronze Age - palynological evidence. J.Archaeol. Sci. 1994, 21:133-139.
167. Tipping R. Pollen preservation analysis as a necessity in Holocene palynology. Symposia of the Association of Environmental Archaeologists, 14 2000, 23-33. Oxbow Books, Oxford. J.P. Huntley, S. Stallibrass (Eds.).
168. Tipping R. Bowmont: an Environmental History of the Bowmont Valley and the Northern Cheviot Hills, 10,000 BC - AD 2000 2010, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Edinburgh.
169. Tipping R., Bunting M.J., Davies A.L., Murray H., Fraser S., McCulloch R. Modelling land use around an early Neolithic timber 'hall' in north east Scotland from high spatial resolution pollen analysis. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:140-149.
170. Turner J. Acontribution to the history of forest clearance. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1965, 161:343-354.
171. Turner J., Peglar S.M. Temporally-precise studies of vegetation history. Vegetation History 1988, 753-757. Kluwer, Dordrecht. B. Huntley, T. Webb (Eds.).
172. Tweddle J.C., Edwards K.J. Pollen preservation zones as an interpretative tool in Holocene palynology. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2010, 161:59-76.
173. Tweddle J.C., Edwards K.J., Fieller N.R.J. Multivariate statistical and other approaches for the separation of cereal from wild Poaceae pollen using a large Holocene dataset. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2005, 14:15-30.
174. van Geel B., Buurman J., Brinkkemper O., Schelvis J., Aptroot A., van Reenan G., Hakbijl T. Environmental reconstruction of a Roman Period settlement site in Uitgeest (The Netherlands), with special reference to coprophilous fungi. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2003, 30:873-883.
175. von Post L. Forest tree pollen in south Swedish peat bog deposits [translation 1967]. Pollen Spores 1916, 9:375-401. (originally appeared 1918; M.B. Davis, K. Fægri, Trans.).
176. Waller M.P. An investigation into the palynological properties of fen peat through multiple pollen profiles from south-eastern England. J.Archaeol. Sci. 1998, 25:631-642.
177. Waller M., Grant M.J., Bunting M.J., Ivison C. Modern pollen studies from coppiced woodlands and their implications for the detection of woodland management in Holocene pollen records. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2012, 187:11-28.
178. Weinstein M. The influence of slope on the pollen spectra. Pollen Spores 1981, 23:381-387.
179. Weinstein-Evron M. Biases in archaeological pollen assemblages. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series 29 1994, 193-205. O.K. Davis (Ed.).
180. Welinder S. Review of H. Göransson, Neolithic man and the forest environment around Alvastra Pile Dwelling. Norw. Archaeol. Rev. 1988, 21:129-130.
181. Whitehouse N.J., Schulting R.J., McClatchie M., Barratt P., McLaughlin T.R., Bogaard A., Colledge S., Marchant R., Gaffrey J., Bunting M.J. Neolithic agriculture on the European western frontier: the boom and bust of early farming in Ireland. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:181-205.
182. Whitney B.S., Dickau R., Mayle F.E., Walker J.H., Soto J.D., Iriate J. Pre-Columbian raised-field agriculture and land use in the Bolivian Amazon. Holocene 2014, 24:231-241.
183. Whitney B.S., Rushton E.A.C., Carson J.F., Iriarte J., Mayle F.E. An improved methodology for the recovery of Zea mays and other large crop pollen, with implications for environmental archaeology in the Neotropics. Holocene 2012, 22:1087-1096.
184. Whittington G., Edwards K.J. Landscape scale soil pollen analysis. J.Quat. Sci. 1999, 14(Quat. Proc. 7):595-604.
185. Whittle A., Healy F., Bayliss A. Gathering Time: Dating the Early Neolithic Enclosures of Southern Britain and Ireland 2011, Oxbow Books, Oxford.
186. Winterbottom S.J., Long D. From abstract digital models to rich virtual environments. Landscape contexts in Kilmartin Glen, Scotland. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2006, 33:1356-1367.
187. 14C date-inferred population change. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:216-224.
188. Xu Q.H., Cao X.Y., Tian F., Zhang S.R., Li Y.C., Li M.Y., Li J., Liu Y.L., Liang J. Relative pollen productivities of typical steppe species in northern China and their potential in past vegetation reconstruction. Sci. China - Earth Sci. 2014, 57:1254-1266.
189. Yeloff D.E., Hunt C.O. Fluorescence microscopy of pollen and spores: a tool for investigating environmental change. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2005, 133:203-219.