Vitamin D in multiple sclerosis and central nervous system demyelinating disease-a review

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 194-200

  Burton, Jodie M ^a   Costello, Fiona E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA1A INTERFERON; COLECALCIFEROL; GADOLINIUM; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 6; NATALIZUMAB; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; SUPEROXIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

ARTICLE; BRAIN ATROPHY; BRAIN SIZE; CLINICAL STUDY; DEMYELINATING DISEASE; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOREGULATION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MYELITIS; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPROTECTION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTIC NEURITIS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELAPSE; RISK FACTOR; VISUAL ACUITY; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; COMPLICATION; METABOLISM;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; DEMYELINATING DISEASES; HUMANS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; VITAMIN D;

EID: 84930148693     PISSN: 10708022     EISSN: 15365166     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000256     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2008;372:1502-1517.
2. Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG. Multiple sclerosis. NEJM. 2000;343:938-952.
3. Miller D, Barkhof F, Montalban X, Thompson A, Filippi M. Clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis, part 1: natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4:281-288.
4. Tremlett H, Zhao Y, Devonshire V. Natural history of secondaryprogressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2008;14:314-324.
5. Burton JM, Costello F. Novel agents and emerging treatment strategies in multiple sclerosis. Clin Med Rev Ther. 2011;3. doi: 10.4137/CMRT.S2895.
6. Ontaneda D, Di Capua D. Benefits versus risks of latest therapies in multiple sclerosis: a perspective review. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2012;3:291-303.
7. Hanwell HEC, Banwell B. Assessment of evidence for a protective role of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011;1812:202-212.
8. Smolders J, Damoiseaux J, Menheere P, Hupperts R. Vitamin D as an immune modulator in multiple sclerosis, a review. J Neuroimmunol. 2008;194:7-17.
9. Acheson ED, Bachrach CA, Wright FM. Some comments on the relationship of the distribution of multiple sclerosis to latitude, solar radiation, and other variables. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1960;147:132-147.
10. Ulett G. Geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis. Dis Nerv Syst. 1948;9:342-346.
11. Limburg CC. Geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis and its estimated prevalence in the United States. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Dis. 1950;28:15-24.
12. Kurland LT. The frequency and geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis as indicated by mortality statistics and morbidity surveys in the United States and Canada. Am J Hyg. 1952;55:457-476.
13. Vukusic S, Van Bokstael V, Gosselin S, Confavreux C. Regional variations of multiple sclerosis prevalence in French farmers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:707-709.
14. McLeod JG, Hammon SR, Hallpike JF. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Australia. With NSW and SA survey results. Med J Aust. 1994;160:117-122.
15. Geiger R. The Climate Near the Ground. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965. pp. 442-446.
16. Kurtzke JF. On the fine structure of the distribution of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1967;43:257-282.
17. Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Souberbielle JC. Is hypovitaminosis D one of the environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis? Brain. 2010;133:1869-1888.
18. Hammond SR, English DR, McLeod JG. The age-range risk of developing multiple sclerosis: evidence from a migrant population in Australia. Brain. 2000;123:968-974.
19. Kurtzke JF, Beebe JW, Norman JE. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in US veterans: III: migration and the risk of MS. Neurology. 1985;35:672-678.
20. Sloka JS, Pryse-Phillips WE, Stefanelli M. The relation of ultraviolet radiation and multiple sclerosis in Newfoundland. Can J Neurol Sci. 2008;35:69-74.
21. Staples J, Ponsonby AL, Lim L. Low maternal exposure to ultraviolet radiation in pregnancy, month of birth, and risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring: longitudinal analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:c1640.
22. Bjornevik K, Riise T, Casetta I, Drulovic J, Granieru E, Holmoy T, Kampman MT, Landtblom AM, Lauer K, Lossius A, Magalhaes S, Myhr KM, Pekmezovic T, Wesnes K, Wolfson C, Pugliatti M. Sun exposure and multiple sclerosis risk in Norway and Italy: the Env IMS study. Mult Scler. 2014;20:1042-1049.
23. Islam T, Gauderman WJ, Cozen W, Mack TM. Childhood sun exposure influences risk of multiple sclerosis in monozygotic twins. Neurology. 2007;69:381-388.
24. Sloka S, Silva C, Pryse-Phillips J, Metz S, Patten S, Yong VW. Environmental risks for multiple sclerosis: quantitative analyses and biological mechanisms. Mult Scler. 2009;15 (suppl 2):S158.
25. Swank RL, Lerstad O, Strøm A, Backer J. Multiple sclerosis in rural Norway: Its geographic and occupational incidence in relation to nutrition. N Engl J Med. 1952;246:721.
26. Kampman MT, Brustard M. Vitamin D: a candidate for the environmental effect in multiple sclerosis-observations from Norway. Neuroepidemiology. 2008;30:140-146.
27. Bäärnhielm M, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. Fatty fish intake is associated with decreased occurrence of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2014;20:726-732.
28. Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Clemens TL, Holick MF, Krane SM. Specific high-affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: presence in monocytes and induction in T lymphocytes following activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983;57:1308-1310.
29. Vedman CM, Cantorna MT, DeLuca HF. Expression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) receptor in the immune system. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000;374:334-338.
30. Provvedini DM, Tsoukas CD, Deftos LJ, Manolagas SC. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human leukocytes. Science. 1983;221:1181-1183.
31. Deluca HF, Cantorna MT. Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB J. 2001;15:2579-2585.
32. Cadden MH, Koven NS, Ross MK. Neuroprotective effects of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Med. 2011;2:198-207.
33. Dong X, Lutz W, Schroeder TM, Bachman LA, Westendorf JJ, Kumar R, Griffin MD. Regulation of relB in dendritic cells by means of modulated association of vitamin D receptor and histone deacetylase 3 with the promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:16007-16012.
34. Muthian G, Raikwar JP, Rajasingh J, Bright JJ. 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin-D3 modulates JAK-STAT pathway in IL-12/IFNgamma axis leading to Th1 response in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neurosci Res. 2006;83:1299-1309.
35. Chen S, Sims GP, Chen XX, Gu YY, Chen S, Lipsky PE. Modulatory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation. J Immunol. 2007;179:1634-1647.
36. Overbergh L, Decallonne B, Valckx D, Verstuyf A, Depovere J, Laureys J, Rutgeerts O, Saint-Arnaud R, Bouillon R, Mathieu C. Identification and immune regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-alphahydroxylase in murine macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol. 2000;120:139-146.
37. Chen KS, DeLuca HF. Cloning of the human 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 24-hydroxylase gene promoter and identification of two vitamin D-responsive elements. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995;1263:1-9.
38. Rigby WF, Waugh M, Graziano RF. Regulation of human monocyte HLA-DR and CD4 antigen expression, and antigen presentation by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Blood. 1990;76:189-197.
39. Xu H, Soruri A, Gieseler RK, Peters JH. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 exerts opposing effects to IL-4 on MHC class-II antigen expression, accessory activity, and phagocytosis of human monocytes. Scand J Immunol. 1993;38:535-540.
40. D'Ambrosio D, Cippitelli M, Cocciolo MG, Mazzeo D, Di Lucia P, Lang R, Sinigaglia F, Panina-Bordignon P. Inhibition of IL-12 production by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Involvement of NFkappaB downregulation in transcriptional repression of the p40 gene. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:252-262.
41. Muller K, Haahr PM, Diamant M, Rieneck K, Kharazmi A, Bendtzen K. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits cytokine production by human blood monocytes at the posttranscriptional level. Cytokine. 1992;4:506-512.
42. Zarrabeitia MT, Riancho JA, Amado JA, Olmos JM, Gonzalez-Macias J. Effect of calcitriol on the secretion of prostaglandin E2, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha by human monocytes. Bone. 1992;13:185-189.
43. Muller K, Diamant M, Bendtzen K. Inhibition of production and function of interleukin-6 by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Immunol Lett. 1991;28:115-120.
44. Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Krane SM. Differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages: inhibition of interleukin-2 and augmentation of interleukin-1 production. Cell Immunol. 1986;98:311-322.
45. Muller K, Odum N, Bendtzen K. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 selectively reduces interleukin-2 levels and proliferation of human T cell lines in vitro. Immunol Lett. 1993;35:177-182.
46. Reichel H, Koeffler HP, Tobler A, Norman AW. 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits gamma-interferon synthesis by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987;84:3385-3389.
47. Rigby WF, Stacy T, Fanger MW. Inhibition of T lymphocyte mitogenesis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). J Clin Invest. 1984;74:1451-1455.
48. Towers TL, Freedman LP. Granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor gene transcription is directly repressed by the vitamin D3 receptor. Implications for allosteric influences on nuclear receptor structure and function by a DNA element. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:10338-10348.
49. Cantorna MT, Hayes CE, DeLuca HF. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversibly blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:7861-7864.
50. Lemire JM, Archer DC. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents the in vivo induction of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Clin Invest. 1991;87:1103-1107.
51. Van Etten E, Branisteanu DD, Overbergh L, Bouillon R, Verstuyf A, Mathieu C. Combination of a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analog and a bisphosphonate prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and preserves bone. Bone. 2003;32:397-404.
52. Nashold FE, Hoag KA, Goverman J, Hayes CE. Rag-1-dependent cells are necessary for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2001;119:16-29.
53. Meehan TF, DeLuca HF. The vitamin D receptor is necessary for 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002;408:200-204.
54. Spach KM, Hayes CE. Vitamin D3 confers protection from autoimmune encephalomyelitis only in female mice. J Immunol. 2005;175:4119-4126.
55. Cantorna MT, Humpal-Winter J, DeLuca HF. Dietary calcium is a major factor in 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. J Nutr. 1999;129:1966-1971.
56. Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R. Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16:713-716.
57. Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Cliton SK. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:53-58.
58. Vieth R. Why the optimal requirement for vitamin D3 is probably much higher than what is officially recommended for adults. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004;89-90:575-579.
59. Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, Murad H, Weaver CM. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911-1930.
60. Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, Howard NS, Ascherio A. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA. 2006;296:2832-2838.
61. Munger KL, Zhang SM, O'Reilly E, Hernan MA, Olek MJ, Willett WC, Ascherio A. Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2004;62:60-65.
62. Mirzaei F, Michels KB, Munger K, O'Reilly E, Chitnis T, Forman MR, Giovannucci E, Rosner B, Ascherio A. Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring. Ann Neurol. 2011;70:30-40.
63. Martinelli V, Dalla Costa G, Colombo B, Dalla Libera D, Rubinacci A, Filippi M, Furlan R, Comi G. Vitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Mult Scler. 2014;20:147-155.
64. Simpson S Jr, Taylor B, Blizzard L, Ponsonby AL, Pittas F, Tremlett H, Dwyer T, Gies P, van der Mei I. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2010;2:193-203.
65. Mowry EM, Krupp LB, Milazzo M, Chabas D, Strober JB, Belman AL, McDonald JC, Oksenberg JR, Bacchetti P, Waubant E. Vitamin D status is associated with relapse rate in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2010;67:618-624.
66. Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Rivaud-Péchoux S, Clerson P, de Paz R, Souberbielle JC. Relationship between 25-OH-D serum level and relapse rate in multiple sclerosis patients before and after vitamin D supplementation. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2012;4:187-198.
67. Scott TF, Hackett CT, Dworek DC, Schramke CJ. Low vitamin D level is associated with higher relapse rate in natalizumab treated MS patients. J Neurol Sci. 2013;330:27-31.
68. Tremlett H, van der Mei IA, Pittas F, Blizzard L, Paley G, Mesaros D, Woodbaker R, Nunez M, Dwyer T, Taylor BV, Ponsonby AL. Monthly ambient sunlight, infections and relapse rates in multiple sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology. 2008;31:271-279.
69. Soilu-Hanninen M, Airas L, Mononen I, Heikkila A, Viljanen M, Hanninen A. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in serum at the onset of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2005;11:266-271.
70. Goldberg P, Fleming MC, Picard EH. Multiple sclerosis: decreased relapse rate through dietary supplementation with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D. Med Hypotheses. 1986;21:193-200.
71. Wingerchuk DM, Lesaux J, Rice GP, Kremenchutzky M, Ebers GC. A pilot study of oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1294-1296.
72. James E, Dobson R, Kuhle J, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV. The effect of vitamin D-related interventions on multiple sclerosis relapses: a meta-analysis. Mult Scler. 2013;19:1571-1579.
73. Burton JM, Kimball S, Vieth R, Bar-Or A, Dosch HM, Cheung R, Gagne D, D'Souza C, Ursell M, O'Connor P. A phase I/II doseescalation trial of vitamin D3 and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2010;74:1852-1859.
74. Ascherio A, Munger KL, White R, Köchert K, Simon KC, Polman CH, Freedman MS, Hartung HP, Miller DH, Montalbán X, Edan G, Barkhof F, Pleimes D, Radü EW, Sandbrink R, Kappos L, Pohl C. Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71:306-314.
75. Mowry E. Johns Hopkins University. Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01490502. Accessed on February 25, 2015.
76. Merck KGaA. Supplementation of Vigant OL® Oil Versus Placebo as Add-on in Patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Rebif® Treatment (SOLAR). Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01285401. Accessed on February 25, 2015.
77. Merck KGaA, Merk Serono S.A.S., France. A Multicentre Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Supplementary Treatment with Cholecalciferol in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Subcutaneous Interferon Beta-1a 44 ug 3 Times Weekly (CHOLINE). Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01198132. Accessed on February 25, 2015.
78. Auer DP, Schumann EM, Kumpfel T, Gössl C, Trenkwalder C. Seasonal fluctuations of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2000;47:276-277.
79. Embry A, Snowdon L, Vieth R. Vitamin D and seasonal fluctuations of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2000;48:271-272.
80. Soilu-Hanninen M, Aivo J, Lindstrom BM, Elovaara I, Sumelahti ML, Farkkila M, Tienari P, Atula S, Sarasoja T, Herrala L, Keskinarkaus I, Kruger J, Kallio T, Rocca MA, Filippi M. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon b-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83:565-571.
81. Mowry EM, Waubant E, McCulloch CE, Okuda DT, Evangelista AA, Lincoln RR, Gourraud PA, Brenneman D, Owen MC, Qualley P, Bucci M, Hauser SL, Pelletier D. Vitamin D status predicts new brain magnetic resonance imaging activity in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:234-240.
82. Costello F. The afferent visual pathway: designing a structuralfunctional paradigm of multiple sclerosis. ISRN Neurol. 2013;2013:134858.
83. Malik MT, Healy BC, Benson LA, Kivisakk P, Musallam A, Weiner HL, Chitnis T. Factors associated with recovery from acute optic neuritis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2014;82:2173-2179.
84. Burton JM, Trufyn J, Tung C, Eliasziw M, Costello F. The role of vitamin D and gender in optic neuritis recovery. Paper presented at: the 2014 Joint ACTRIMS-ECTRIMS Meeting; September 10-13, 2014; Boston, MA.
85. Kimbrough DJ, Mealy MA, Simpson A, Levy M. Predictors of recurrence following an initial episode of transverse myelitis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2014;1:e4.
86. Mealey MA, Newsome S, Greenberg BM. Low serum vitamin D levels and recurrent inflammatory spinal cord disease. Neuroepidemiology. 2011;37:52-57.
87. Brewer LD, Thibault V, Chen KC, Langub MC, Landfield PW, Porter NM. Vitamin D hormone confers neuroprotection in parallel with downregulation of L-type calcium channel expression in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci. 2001;21:98-108.
88. Kalueff AV, Eremin KO, Tuohimaa P. Mechanisms of neuroprotective action of vitamin D3. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2004;69:738-741.