Increased intrathoracic and hepatic visceral adipose tissue independently correlates with coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic patients

Journal of Nuclear Cardiology

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 880-889

  Patil, Harshal R ^a,d   Patil, Nirav T ^a   King, Samantha I ^a   O’Keefe, Evan ^a   Chhabra, Rajiv ^b,c,d   Ansari, Shaya ^b,c   Kennedy, Kevin F ^a   Dey, Damini ^e   O’Keefe, James H ^a,d   Helzberg, John H ^b,d   Thompson, Randall C ^a,d  

^a SAINT LUKE S MID AMERICA HEART INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b St Lukes Hospital   (United States)

^c ST LUKE S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e CEDARS SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiovascular; Coronary artery calcification; coronary artery disease; coronary calcium score; non alcoholic fatty liver disease

Indexed keywords

ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; CALCINOSIS; COMORBIDITY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; FATTY LIVER; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTRAABDOMINAL FAT; LIVER; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RADIOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STATISTICS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; UNITED STATES;

CALCINOSIS; CAUSALITY; COMORBIDITY; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; FATTY LIVER; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT; LIVER; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MISSOURI; PREVALENCE; RADIOGRAPHY, THORACIC; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84929939448     PISSN: 10713581     EISSN: 15326551     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-014-9946-9     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, Smith SC Jr, Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 2004;109(3):433-8.
2. Kissebah AH. Central obesity: Measurement and metabolic effects. Diebet Rev 1997;5:8-20.
3. Iacobellis G, Pistilli D, Gucciardo M, Leonetti F, Miraldi F, Brancaccio G, et al. Adiponectin expression in human epicardial adipose tissue in vivo is lower in patients with coronary artery disease. Cytokine 2005;29(6):251-5.
4. Tilg H, Moschen AR. Adipocytokines: Mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev 2006;6(10):772-83.
5. Curat CA, Miranville A, Sengenes C, Diehl M, Tonus C, Busse R, et al. From blood monocytes to adipose tissue-resident macrophages: Induction of diapedesis by human mature adipocytes. Diabetes 2004;53(5):1285-92.
6. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001;414(6865):782-7.
7. Reaven G, Abbasi F, McLaughlin T. Obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. Rec Prog Horm Res 2004;59:207-23.
8. Huang G, Wang D, Zeb I, Budoff MJ, Harman SM, Miller V, et al. Intra-thoracic fat, cardiometabolic risk factors, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in healthy, recently menopausal women screened for the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS). Atherosclerosis 2012;221(1):198-205.
9. Rosito GA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Ruberg FL, Mahabadi AA, Vasan RS, et al. Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008;117(5):605-13.
10. Kortelainen ML. Myocardial infarction and coronary pathology in severely obese people examined at autopsy. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26(1):73-9.
11. Dey D, Wong ND, Tamarappoo B, Nakazato R, Gransar H, Cheng VY, et al. Computer-aided non-contrast CT-based quantification of pericardial and thoracic fat and their associations with coronary calcium and Metabolic Syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2010;209(1):136-41.
12. Mazurek T, Zhang L, Zalewski A, Mannion JD, Diehl JT, Arafat H, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators. Circulation 2003;108(20):2460-6.
13. Janik M, Hartlage G, Alexopoulos N, Mirzoyev Z, McLean DS, Arepalli CD, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue volume and coronary artery calcium to predict myocardial ischemia on positron emission tomography-computed tomography studies. J Nucl Cardiol 2010;17(5):841-7.
14. Alam MS, Green R, de Kemp R, Beanlands RS, Chow BJ. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness as a predictor of impaired microvascular function in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2013;20(5):804-12.
15. Yun CH, Lin TY, Wu YJ, Liu CC, Kuo JY, Yeh HI, et al. Pericardial and thoracic peri-aortic adipose tissues contribute to systemic inflammation and calcified coronary atherosclerosis independent of body fat composition, anthropometric measures and traditional cardiovascular risks. Eur J Radiol 2011;81(4):749-56.
16. Targher G, Arcaro G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2007;191(2):235-40.
17. Adibi P, Sadeghi M, Mahsa M, Rozati G, Mohseni M. Prediction of coronary atherosclerotic disease with liver transaminase level. Liver Int 2007;27(7):895-900.
18. Targher G, Day CP, Bonora E. Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. NEJM 2010;363(14):1341-50.
19. Chhabra R, O’Keefe JH, Patil H, O’Keefe E, Thompson RC, Ansari S, et al. Association of coronary artery calcification with hepatic steatosis in asymptomatic individuals. Mayo Clin Proc 2013;88(11):1259-65.
20. Ding J, Kritchevsky SB, Harris TB, Burke GL, Detrano RC, Szklo M, et al. The association of pericardial fat with calcified coronary plaque. Obesity 2008;16(8):1914-9.
21. Taguchi R, Takasu J, Itani Y, Yamamoto R, Yokoyama K, Watanabe S, et al. Pericardial fat accumulation in men as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2001;157(1):203-9.
22. Dey D, Suzuki Y, Suzuki S, Ohba M, Slomka PJ, Polk D, et al. Automated quantitation of pericardiac fat from noncontrast CT. Invest Radiol 2008;43(2):145-53.
23. Coppini G, Favilla R, Marraccini P, Moroni D, Pieri G. Quantification of epicardial fat by cardiac CT imaging. Open Med Inf J 2010;4:126-35.
24. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. JACC 1990;15(4):827-32.
25. Rumberger JA, Brundage BH, Rader DJ, Kondos G. Electron beam computed tomographic coronary calcium scanning: A review and guidelines for use in asymptomatic persons. Mayo Clin Proc 1999;74(3):243-52.
26. Bybee KA, Lee J, Markiewicz R, Longmore R, McGhie AI, O’Keefe JH, et al. Diagnostic and clinical benefit of combined coronary calcium and perfusion assessment in patients undergoing PET/CT myocardial perfusion stress imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2010;17(2):188-96.
27. Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB Sr, D’Agostino RB Jr, Vasan RS. Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: from area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond. Stat Med 2008;27(2):157-72.
28. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: A nonparametric approach. Biometrics 1988;44(3):837-45.
29. Schisterman EF, Perkins NJ, Liu A, Bondell H. Optimal cut-point and its corresponding Youden index to discriminate individuals using pooled blood samples. Epidemiology 2005;16(1):73-81.
30. Budoff MJ, Achenbach S, Blumenthal RS, Carr JJ, Goldin JG, Greenland P, et al. Assessment of coronary artery disease by cardiac computed tomography: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation 2006;114(16):1761-91.
31. Budoff MJ, Shaw LJ, Liu ST, Weinstein SR, Mosler TP, Tseng PH, et al. Long-term prognosis associated with coronary calcification: Observations from a registry of 25,253 patients. JACC 2007;49(18):1860-70.
32. Yeboah J, McClelland RL, Polonsky TS, Burke GL, Sibley CT, O’Leary D, et al. Comparison of novel risk markers for improvement in cardiovascular risk assessment in intermediate-risk individuals. JAMA 2012;308(8):788-95.
33. Verhagen SN, Visseren FL. Perivascular adipose tissue as a cause of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2011;214(1):3-10.
34. Iwasaki K, Matsumoto T, Aono H, Furukawa H, Samukawa M. Relationship between epicardial fat measured by 64-multidetector computed tomography and coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol 2011;34(3):166-71.
35. Jolly US, Soliman A, McKenzie C, Peters T, Stirrat J, Nevis I, et al. Intra-thoracic fat volume is associated with myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013;15(1):77.
36. Momesso DP, Bussade I, Epifanio MA, Schettino CD, Russo LA, Kupfer R. Increased epicardial adipose tissue in type 1 diabetes is associated with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011;91(1):47-53.
37. Iacobellis G, Leonetti F. Epicardial adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(11):6300-2.
38. Baker AR, Silva NF, Quinn DW, Harte AL, Pagano D, Bonser RS, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue expresses a pathogenic profile of adipocytokines in patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2006;5:1.
39. Liu J, Fox CS, Hickson D, Sarpong D, Ekunwe L, May WD, et al. Pericardial adipose tissue, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: The Jackson heart study. Diabetes Care 2010;33(7):1635-9.
40. Mahabadi AA, Massaro JM, Rosito GA, Levy D, Murabito JM, Wolf PA, et al. Association of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and visceral abdominal fat with cardiovascular disease burden: The Framingham Heart Study. Europ Heart J 2009;30(7):850-6.
41. Nyman K, Graner M, Pentikainen MO, Lundbom J, Hakkarainen A, Sirén R, et al. Cardiac steatosis and left ventricular function in men with metabolic syndrome. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013;15:103.
42. Forouzandeh F, Chang SM, Muhyieddeen K, Zaid RR, Trevino AR, Xu J, et al. Does quantifying epicardial and intrathoracic fat with noncontrast computed tomography improve risk stratification beyond calcium scoring alone? Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6(1):58-66.
43. Piekarski J, Goldberg HI, Royal SA, Axel L, Moss AA. Difference between liver and spleen CT numbers in the normal adult: Its usefulness in predicting the presence of diffuse liver disease. Radiology 1980;137(3):727-9.