Tropical forest insect pests: Ecology, impact, and management

Tropical Forest Insect Pests: Ecology, Impact, and Management

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-404

  Nair, K S S ^a  

^a KERALA FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84929736992     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511542695     Document Type: Book

References (572)

1. Abe, K. (1983). Plantation Forest Pests in Sabah, FRC Publication No. 8. Sandakan, Malaysia: Sabah Forest Department.
2. Agarwal, G. P., Rajak, R. C., Katare, P. and Sandhu, S. S. (1985). Studies on entomogenous fungi parasitizing insect pests of teak. Journal of Tropical Forestry, 1, 91-4.
3. Ahmad, M. (1987). Relative resistance of different clones of Tectona grandis to teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cram (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) in south India. Indian Forester, 113, 281-6.
4. Ahmad, M. (1991). Natural resistance in teak clones to leaf skeletoniser, Eutectona machaeralis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in south India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 14, 228-31.
5. Ahmad, S. I. and Sen-Sarma, P. K. (1990). Bionomics of Calopepla leayana Latr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a serious defoliator of Gmelina arborea Roxb. plantations in India. Indian Forester, 116, 71-82.
6. Ali, M. S. and Chaturvedi, O. P. (1996). Major insect pests of forest trees in North Bihar. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R.V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 464-7.
7. Ambika-Varma, B., Sudhakara, K. and Beena-Bhaskar. (1996). Insect pests associated with nurseries of selected tree crops in Kerala. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 468-73.
8. Amin, P.W. and Upadhyaya, A. K. (1976). Occurrence of teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera (Hyblaeidae, Lepidoptera) on the fountain tree Spathodea companulata (Bignonaceae). Indian Forester, 102, 306-11.
9. Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (1996). Forest Litter Insect Communities: Biology and Chemical Ecology. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
10. Anderson, J. M. and Swift, M.J. (1983). Decomposition in tropical forests. In Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, ed. S. L. Sutton, T. S. Whitmore and A. C. Chadwick. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 287-309.
11. Andrews, W.A. (ed.) (1972). A Guide to the Study of Environmental Pollution. Ontario: Prentice-Hall of Canada Ltd.
12. Anonymous. (1954). Scolytid Beetle Attack on Seedlings. Fiji: Report of the Forest Department 1953-4, pp. 1-5.
13. Apolinário, F. E. and Martius, C. (2004). Ecological role of termites (Insecta, Isoptera) in tree trunks in central Amazonian rain forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 194, 23-8.
14. Appanah, S. and Weinland, G. (1993). Planting Quality Timber Trees in Peninsular Malaysia: a Review. Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute, Malaysia.
15. Atkinson, P. R. (1989). Controlled-release insecticide granules, compared with other soil insecticides, for use against the termite, Macrotermes natalensis Haviland, in the establishment of Eucalyptus plantations. Crop Protection, 8, 387-96.
16. Atkinson, P. R. and Laborde, de R. M. (1996). Estimates of the extent of infestation and potential losses caused by common forestry pests in South Africa. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R.V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 274-88.
17. Atkinson, P. R., Nixon, K. M. and Shaw, M. J. P. (1992). On the susceptibility of Eucalyptus species and clones to attack by Macrotermes natalensis Haviland (Isoptera: Termitidae). Forest Ecology and Management, 48, 15-30.
18. Attajerusit, J., Somsook, V. and Nanta, P. (2002). Life cycle, behaviour and control of the bamboo shoot borer, Cyrtotrachelus dichrous by entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, B. Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 157-8.
19. Baksha, M.W. (1990). Some major forest insect pests of Bangladesh and their control. Bulletin Forest Entomology Series, 1, 1-19 (Forest Research Institute, Chittagong).
20. Baksha, M.W. and Crawley, M.J. (1995). Relative preference of different host plants to teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cram. (Hyblaeidae: Lepidoptera) in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Forest Science, 24, 21-5.
21. Balasundaran, M., Mohamed-Ali, M.I., Ghosh, S.K. and Sunderaraman, V. (1988). Presence of sandal spike vector in the insect vector, Rederatus bimaculatus and in plants fed with the vector. In Mycoplasma Diseases of Woody Plants, ed. S. P. Raychoudhury and N. Rishi. New Delhi: Malhotra Publishing, pp. 23-8.
22. Ball, J. B., Pandey, D. and Hirai, S. (2000). Global overview of teak plantations. In Site, Technology and Productivity of Teak Plantations, ed. T. Enters and C. T. S. Nair. Chiang Mai: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 11-33.
23. Baltensweiler, W. and Fischlin, A. (1988). The larch budmoth in the alps. In Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, ed. A. A. Berryman. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 332-51.
24. Baltensweiler, W., Benz, G., Bovey, P. and Delucchi, V. (1977). Dynamics of larch budmoth populations. Annual Review of Entomology, 22, 79-100.
25. Balut, F. F. and Amante, E. (1971). Note on Eupseudosoma involuta (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), a pest of Eucalytus spp. Biologico, 37, 13-16.
26. Bass, S. (1992). Building from the past: forest plantations in history. In Plantation Politics, ed. C. Sargent and S. Bass. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd., pp. 41-75.
27. Basu-Chowdhury, J. C. (1971). Interim report on the Konny Aerial Spraying Project. In Working Plan for Nilambur Forest Division, 1967-8 to 1976-7, ed. K.G. Vasudevan. Trivandrum, India: Government of Kerala, pp. 165-8.
28. Baylis, W. B. H. and Barnes, R. D. (1989). International provenance trials of Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis. Forest Genetic Resources Information, 17, 24-5.
29. Beattie, W. M. (1981). Ithome lassula Hodges (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterygidae), a new insect pest of Leucaena in Australia. Leucaena Research Reports, 2, 11.
30. Beeson, C. F. C. (1921). The beehole borer of teak. Indian Forest Records, 8, 1-105.
31. Beeson, C. F. C. (1924). The economic importance and control of the sal heart-wood borer (Hoplocerambyx spinicornis). Indian Forester, 50, 516-24.
32. Beeson, C. F. C. (1931a). Loss of increment in teak defoliation. Indian Forester, 57, 542-5.
33. Beeson, C. F. C. (1931b). The life history and control of Celosterna scabrator Fab. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Indian Forest Records (Old Series) (Entomology), 16, 1-16.
34. Beeson, C. F. C. (1934). The biological control of teak defoliators. Indian Forester, 60, 672-83.
35. Beeson, C. F. C. (1938). Guide to the insects of Dalbergia sissoo. Indian Forest Records (Entomology), 4, 8-13.
36. Beeson, C. F. C. (1941). The Ecology and Control of the Forest Insects of India and the Neighbouring Countries, (1961 reprint). New Delhi: Government of India.
37. Beeson, C. F. C. and Chatterjee, N. C. (1924). The economic importance and control of the sal heartwood borer (Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newm.). Indian Forest Records (Entomology), 11, 223-69.
38. Berisford, C.W. (1988). The Nantucket pine tip moth. In Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, ed. A. A. Berryman. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 141-61.
39. Berisford, Y. C. and Tsao, C. H. (1975). Parasitism, predation and disease in the bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). Environmental Entomology, 4, 549-54.
40. Berryman, A.A. (1986). Forest Insects: Principles and Practice of Population Management. New York: Plenum Press.
41. Berryman, A. A. (1987). The theory and classification of outbreaks. In Insect Outbreaks, ed. P. Barbosa and J. C. Schultz. London: Academic Press, pp. 3-30.
42. Berryman, A. A. (ed.) (1988). Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations: Patterns, Causes, Implications. New York: Plenum Press.
43. Berryman, A.A. (1999). Principles of Population Dynamics and their Application. Glasgow: Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd.
44. Bhandari, R. S. (1988). Insect pests of cone and seed of conifers and their control. In Tree Protection, ed. V. K. Gupta and N. K. Sharma. Himachal Pradesh, India: Indian Society of Tree Protection, pp. 342-7.
45. Bhandari, R. S. and Rawat, J. K. (2001). Sal heartwood borer Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newm. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its management. Indian Forester, 127, 1387-93.
46. Bhandari, R. S. and Singh, P. (1988). Epidemic of sal heart-wood borer Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newm. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its control in Pachmari, Madhya Pradesh. Indian Forester, 114, 152-7.
47. Bhandari, R. S. and Upadhyay, A. K. (1986). Cossus cadambae Moore (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) a new pest of tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon). Indian Forester, 112, 169-73.
48. Bhasin, G. D. and Roonwal, M. L. (1954). A list of insect pests of forest plants in India and the adjacent countries, Parts 1 and 2. Indian Forest Bulletin (New Series), 171(1), 1-93.
49. Bhasin, G. D., Roonwal, M. L. and Singh, B. (1958). A list of insect pests of forest plants in India and the adjacent countries, Part 3. Indian Forest Bulletin (New Series), 171(2), 1-126.
50. Bhatia, B. M. (1948). On the plant-defoliator-parasite complex, in the biological control of teak defoliators. Indian Forest Records, 7, 193-211.
51. Bhowmick, A. K. and Vaishampayan, S.M. (1986). Observations on the activity of teak defoliator Hyblaea puera Cramer on teak (Tectona grandis) influenced by the movement of monsoon. Journal of Tropical Forestry, 2, 27-35.
52. Bigger, M. (1982). Insect pests associated with forestry plantations in the Solomon Islands. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 61, 249-57.
53. Billings, R. F. (1991). The pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus in Vietnam and recommendations for integrated pest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 97-106.
54. Billings, R. F. and Espino, M.J. V. (1995). Control of a bark beetle outbreak in Honduras. Unpublished paper presented in IUFRO 20th World Congress Working Group S2-07-07 session entitled Success stories in tropical forest pest control, Tampere, Finland, 12 pp.
55. Billings, R. F. and Espino, M. J. V. (2005). The southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) in Central America: how to recognize, prevent, and control outbreaks. Texas Forest Service Publ. 0605/15000 (available on Internet at http://www.barkbeetles. org/centralamerica/0605e.html)
56. Billings, R. F., Clarke, S. R., Espino Mendoza, V. et al. (2004). Bark beetle outbreaks and fire: a devastating combination for Central America's pine forests. Unasylva, 55, 15-21.
57. Borse, S. S. and Thakur, M. L. (1993). Relative toxicity of some synthetic pyrethroids against teak skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Journal of Forestry, 16, 193-5.
58. Borse, S. S. and Thakur, M. L. (1994). Residual toxicity of some commercial synthetic pyrethroids to Eutectona machaeralis (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Journal of Forestry, 17, 49-52.
59. Bourdillon, T. F. (1898). Insects attacking teak in southern India. Indian Forester,24, 126-9 and 424.
60. Braza, R. D. (1987). Growth and survival of varicose borer (Agrilus sexsignatus) larvae in Philippine provenance of bagras (Eucalyptus deglupta). Malaysian Forester, 50, 235-8.
61. Braza, R. D. (1990). Important pests and their control in PICOP forest nurseries. PCARRD Monitor, 18, 8-11.
62. Broadhead, E. (1983). The assessment of faunal diversity and guild size in tropical forests with particular reference to Psocoptera. In Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, ed. S. L. Sutton, T. S. Whitmore and A. C. Chadwick. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 107-19.
63. Broadhead, E. and Wolda, H. (1985). The diversity of Psocoptera in two tropical forests in Panama. Journal of Animal Ecology, 54, 739-54.
64. Brown, C. and Ball, J. (2000). World view of plantation grown wood. In Forests and Society: the Role of Research, Sub-plenary Sessions, vol. 1, ed. B. Krishnapillay, E. Soepadmo, N. L. Arshad et al. Kuala Lumpur: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, pp. 377-89.
65. Brown, K.W. (1965). Termite control research in Uganda (with particular reference to the control of attacks in Eucalyptus plantations). East African Agriculture and Forestry Journal, 31, 218-23.
66. Browne, F. G. (1968). Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantation Trees: An Annotated List of the Principal Species Occurring in the British Commonwalth. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
67. Bullock, J.A. and Smith, R. G. (1968). The bionomics and control of Argyrostagma niobe (Weym.) and Dasychira georgiana Fawc. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on black wattle in Kenya. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 58, 255-77.
68. Burckhardt, D., Santana, D. L. Q., Terra, A. L. et al. (1999). Psyllid pests (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) in South American eucalypt plantations. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 72, 1-10.
69. CABI (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International). (2005). Forestry Compendium, 2005 edn., (CD version). Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
70. Cappuccino, N. (1995). Novel approaches to the study of population dynamics. In Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis, ed. N. Cappuccino and P. W. Price. California: Academic Press, pp. 3-16.
71. Cappuccino, N. and Price, P.W. (eds.) (1995). Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis. New York: Academic Press.
72. Carson, R. L. (1962). Silent Spring. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Publications Inc.
73. Carson, W. P. and Root, R. B. (2000). Herbivory and plant species coexistence: community regulation by an outbreaking phytophagous insect. Ecological Monographs, 70, 73-99.
74. Carson, W. P., Cronin, J. P. and Long, Z.T. (2004). A general rule for predicting when insects have strong top-down effects on plant communities: on the relationship between insect outbreaks and host concentration. In Insects and Ecosystem Function, ed. W.W. Weisser and E. Siemann. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 193-210.
75. CATIE. (1992a). Forest Pests in Central America: Field Guide. Turrialba, Costa Rica: Tropical Agriculture Research and Training Center (CATIE).
76. CATIE. (1992b). Forest Pests in Central America: Handbook. Turrialba, Costa Rica: Tropical Agriculture Research and Training Center (CATIE).
77. Chacko, K. C. (1998). Termite-aided mesocarp removal of teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) fruits for enhanced germination and cost-effective seed handling. Indian Forester, 124, 134-40.
78. Chaiglom, D. (1966). Teak beehole borer and the control research in Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of Siam Society, 21, 157-60.
79. Chaiglom, D. (1990). Outbreaks of forest insects and control operations in Thailand. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 219-23.
80. Chakrabarti, S. (2001). Gall aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae): their diversity and adaptive features in Northwest and West Himalaya. Entomon, 26 (Special Issue), 332-8.
81. Champion, H. G. (1934). The effect of defoliation on the increment of teak saplings. Forest Bulletin (Silviculture Series), 89, 1-6. Delhi: Government of India.
82. Chang, Y. C. (1990). Insect pests in plantation forests of Taiwan. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 71-4.
83. Chao, H. W. and Li, H. L. (2004). Investigation on the effect of the mixed plantation of Pinus massoniana and Schima superba. Forest Research - Beijing, 17, 316-20.
84. Chase, J. M., Liebhold, M.A., Downing, A. L. and Shurin, J. B. (2000). The effects of productivity, herbivory, and plant species turnover in grassland food webs. Ecology, 81, 2485-97.
85. Chatterjee, P. N. and Misra, M. P. (1974). Natural enemy and plant host complex of forest insect pests of Indian region. Indian Forest Bulletin, 265, 1-233.
86. Chatterjee, P. N. and Sebastian, V. O. (1964). Notes on the outbreak of the sap sucker, Oregma bambusae in New Forest and measures taken to control them. Indian Forester, 90, 30-1.
87. Chatterjee, P. N. and Sebastian, V. O. (1966). Additional notes on the outbreak of the sap sucker, Oregma bambusae Bucket in New Forest. Indian Forester, 92, 170-2.
88. Chatterjee, P. N. and Sen-Sarma, P. K. (1968). Important current problems of forest entomology in India. Indian Forester, 94, 112-17.
89. Chatterjee, P. N. and Singh, P. (1968). Celosterna scabrator Fab. (Lamiidae, Coleoptera), a new pest of Eucalyptus and its control. Indian Forester, 94, 826-30.
90. Chaturvedi, N. (1995). A new alternative host plant of teak defoliator Hyblaea puera (Hyblaeidae: Lepidoptera). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 92, 431.
91. Chaturvedi, N. (2002). Some observations on teak defoliator Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) on secondary host plant Avicennia marina. In Proceedings of the National Seminar on Creeks, Estuaries, and Mangroves: Pollution and Conservation, ed. G. Quadros. Thane, India: Department of Zoology, N. Banddkar College of Science, p. 289.
92. Cherian, P.T. (2004). Getting the measure of India's insect diversity. In Perspectives on Biosystematics and Biodiversity, ed. K. Rajamohana, K. Sudheer, P. Girish Kumar and S. Santhosh. Calicut, India: Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Systematic Entomology Research Scholars Association, pp. 41-53.
93. Cherrett, J. M. (1983). Resource conservation by the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotus in tropical rain forest. In Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, ed. S. L. Sutton, T. S. Whitmore and A. C. Chadwick. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 253-63.
94. Chey, V. K. (1996). Forest Pest Insects in Sabah. Sandakan, Malaysia: Sabah Forest Department.
95. Chey, V. K. (2001). The laran tree and its defoliators. The Planter, 77, 587-92.
96. Chey, V. K. (2002). Major insect pests and their management in forest plantations in Sabah, Malaysia. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. Hutacharern, B. Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 19-23.
97. Chey, V. K. and Intachat, J. (2000). Acacia plantations in Malaysia and their insect pests. The Planter, 76, 171-90.
98. Chilima, C. Z. (1991). Termite control in young Eucalyptus plantations in Malawi using controlled release insecticides. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 70, 237-47.
99. Choldumrongkul, S. and Hutacharern, C. (1990). Study on soil and properties of teak tree in relation to the number of beeholes. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 149-54.
100. Cibrian-Tovar, D., Montiel, J. T. M., Bolanos, R. C., Yates III, H. O. and Lara, J. E. F. (1995). Forest Insects of Mexico. Chapingo, Mexico: University Autonoma Chapingo, USDA Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada and North American Forestry Commission.
101. Ciesla, W. M. (2002). Observations on the life history and habits of a tropical sawfly, Sericoceros mexicanus (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Argidae) on Roatán Island, Honduras. The Forestry Chronicle, 78, 515-21.
102. Clarke, L. R., Geier, P.W., Hughes, R. D. and Morris, R. F. (1967). The Ecology of Insect Populations in Theory and Practice. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd.
103. Cobbinah, J. R. and Wagner, M. R. (2001). Insect problems in plantations in the equatorial rain forests of Africa. In Protection of World Forests from Insect Pests: Advances in Research, IUFRO World Series Vol. 11, ed. R. Alfaro, K. Day, S. Salom. et al Malaysia: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, pp. 37-44.
104. Cornelius, J. P. (2001). The effectiveness of pruning in mitigating Hypsipyla grandella attack on young mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) trees. Forest Ecology and Management, 148, 287-9.
105. Cossalter, C. and Nair, K. S. S. (2000). The state of the forest and plantation trends. In Insect Pests and Diseases in Indonesian Forests: An Assessment of the Major Threats, Research Efforts and Literature, ed. K. S. S. Nair. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, pp. 3-9.
106. Cowie, R. H., Logan, J.W. M. and Wood, T. G. (1989). Termite (Isoptera) damage and control in tropical forestry with special reference to Africa and Indo-Malaysia: a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 79, 173-84.
107. Curran, L. M. and Leighton, M. (1991). Why mast? The role of generalized insect and vertebrate seed predators on the reproductive biology of Dipterocarpaceae in the Gunung Palung Nature Reserve, West Kalimantan. In Proceedings of the Fourth Round Table Conference on Dipterocarps, BIOTROP Special Publication No. 41, ed. I. Soerianegara, S. S. Tjitrosomo, R. C. Umaly and I. Umboh. Bogor, Indonesia: SAEMEO-BIOTROP, pp. 541-2.
108. Dabral, S. L. and Amin, P. W. (1975). Poor fruit formation in teak in Chanda forests of Maharastra. Indian Forester, 101, 616-20.
109. Day, R. K., Kairo, M.T. K., Abraham, Y.J. et al. (2003). Biological control of homopteran pests of conifers in Africa. Pineus boerneri. In Biological Control in IPM Systems in Africa, ed. P. Neuenschwander, C. Borgemeister and J. Langewald. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, pp. 104-6.
110. Day, R. K., Rudgard, S.A. and Nair, K. S. S. (1994). Asian Tree Pests: An Overview. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific.
111. Dent, D. (1991). Insect Pest Management. Wallingford: CAB International.
112. Dey, R. K. (2001). Management of the sal heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis in India. In Protection of World Forests from Insect Pests: Advances in Research, IUFRO World Series Vol. 11, ed. R. Alfaro, K. Day, S. Salom et al. Malaysia: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, pp. 241-7.
113. Dey, R. K. and Tiwari, K. P. (1997). Detection of an imminent defoliator attack on the borer infested sal forests of Madhya Pradesh. Vaniki Sandesh, 21, 21-4.
114. Diabangouaya, M. and Gillon, Y. (2001). Adaptation of Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) to planted Eucalyptus in the Congo: damage and control. Bois et Forets des Tropiques, 267, 6-20.
115. Dickinson, M. B. and Whigham, D. F. (1999). Regeneration of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) in Yucatan. International Forestry Review, 1, 35-9.
116. Dirzo, R. (1982). Effects of insects on the population dynamics of plants in a Mexican tropical rain forest. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, ed. J. H. Visser and A. K. Minks. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, p. 443.
117. Duarte, A., Menendez, J. M., Fernandez, A. and Martinez, J. (1992). Use of a biopreparation of Metarhizium anisopliae strain Nina Bonita in plantations of Pinus caribaea for control of Rhyacionia frustrana. Revista Baracoa, 22, 17-23.
118. Echevarria, E. (1985). Observations on the reaction of six pine species to attack by Dioryctria horneana (Lepidoptera, Phycitidae). Revista Forestal Baracoa, 15, 35-44.
119. Eggleton, P., Davies, R. G., Connetable, S., Bignell, D. E. and Rouland, C. (2002). The termites of the Mayombe Forest Reserve, Congo (Brazzaville): transect sampling reveals an extremely high diversity of ground-nesting soil feeders. Journal of Natural History, 36, 1239-46.
120. Elliott, H. J., Ohmart, C. P. and Wylie, F. R. (1998). Insect Pests of Australian Forests: Ecology and Management. Melbourne: Incata Press.
121. Elouard, C. (1998). Pests and diseases of Dipterocarpaceae. In A Review of Dipterocarps: Taxonomy, Ecology and Silviculture, ed. S. Appanah and J. M. Turnbull. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, pp. 115-31.
122. Entwistle, P. F. and Evans, H. F. (1985). Viral control. In Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, ed. G. A. Kerkut and L. I. Gilbert. pp. 348-412.
123. Erwin, T. L. (1982). Tropical forests: their richness in Coleoptera and other arthropod species. The Coleopterist's Bulletin, 36, 74-5.
124. Erwin, T. L. (1983a). Tropical forest canopies: the last biotic frontier. Bulletin of Entomological Society of America, 29, 14-19.
125. Erwin, T. L. (1983b). Beetles and other insects of tropical forest canopies at Manaus, Brazil, sampled by insecticidal fogging. In Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, ed. S. L. Sutton, T. S. Whitmore and A. C. Chadwick. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 59-75.
126. Erwin, T. L. and Scott, J. C. (1980). Seasonal and size patterns, trophic structure, and richness of Coleoptera in the tropical arboreal ecosystem: the fauna of the tree Luehea seemannii Triana and Planch in the Canal Zone of Panama. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 34, 305-22.
127. Eungwijarnpanya, S. and Yinchareon, S. (2002). Control of teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae), by thermal fogger application of neem extract. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 123-5.
128. Evans, H. F. (1994). Laboratory and field results with viruses for the control of insects. In Comparing Glasshouse and Field Pesticide Performance II, ed. G. Hewitt, J. Caseley, L. G. Copping, B. T. Grayson and D. Tyson. Hampshire: British Crop Protection Council, pp. 285-96.
129. Evans, J. (1992). Plantation Forestry in the Tropics, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
130. Fang, H. L., Tong, P.Y., Fang, S.H., Lu, S.C., Mu, H. B. and Dai, J. S. (1997). Study on insect damage in Casuarina equisetifolia protective forest in coastal area. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 17, 9-14.
131. FAO. (1991). Exotic Aphid Pests of Conifers: A Crisis in African Forestry. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Kenya Forestry Research Institute. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
132. FAO. (1992). Mixed and Pure Forest Plantations in the Tropics and Subtropics, FAO Forestry Paper 103. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
133. FAO. (2001a). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000, FAO Forestry Paper No. 140. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
134. FAO. (2001b). State of the World's Forests 2001. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
135. FAO. (2005). State of the World's Forests 2005. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
136. Fauziah, B.A. and Hidaka, T. (1989). Collection of the Albizia bark borer, Xystrocera festiva Pasco in Brumas Plantation, Sabah, Malaysia. In Researches on Behavioural Strategy of Small Animals in the Humid Tropics, ed. T. Hidaka. Kyoto: Kyoto University, pp. 17-20.
137. Fernandez, E.E. (1898). Defoliation of teak in the Central Provinces. Indian Forester, 24, 89.
138. Filho, P.O., Klein, H. and Filho, B.E. (1992). Outbreak of caterpillars on Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Revista de Agricultura Piracicaba, 67, 181-2.
139. Flamm, R. O., Coulson, R. N. and Payne, T. L. (1988). The southern pine beetle. In Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, ed. A. A. Berryman. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 531-53.
140. Floyd, R. B., Farrow, R.A., Farrell, G. S. and Court, M. M. (1998). Insect feeding on Acacia mearnsii in southeastern mainland Australia. In Recent Developments in Acacia Planting, ed. J. W. Turnbull, H. R. Crompton and K. Pinyopusarerk. Canberra: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, pp. 246-51.
141. Foahom, B. (2002). Insect Pest Incidence on Timber Tree Species in Natural Forest in South Cameroon. Wageningen: The Tropenboz-Cameroon Programme, Tropenboz International.
142. Fonseca, C. R. (1994). Herbivory and the long-lived leaves of an Amazonian ant tree. Journal of Ecology, 82, 833-42.
143. Ford, L. B. (1986). The impact of Rhyacionia frustrana in Costa Rica. Turrialba, 36, 559-61.
144. Frankenhuyzen, K. van and Beardmore, T. (2004). Current status and environmental impact of transgenic forest trees. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research, 34, 1163-80.
145. FSI (Forest Survey of India). (2000). State of Forest Report 1999. Dehra Dun, India: Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests.
146. Garthwaite, P. F. (1939). On the biology of Calopepla leayana Latr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and the possibilities of control. Indian Forest Records (New Series) (Entomology), 5, 237-77.
147. Gaston, K.J. (1991). The magnitude of global insect species richness. Conservation Biology, 5, 283-96.
148. Geiger, C. A. and Gutierrez, A. P. (2000). Ecology of Heteropsylla cubana (Homoptera: Psyllidae): psyllid damage, tree phenology, thermal relations, and parasitism in the field. Environmental Entomology, 29, 76-86.
149. Geiger, C.A., Napompeth, B. and Van Den Beldt, R.J. (1995). An update on the status of the leucaena psyllid in Southeast Asia. In Leucaena: Opportunities and Limitations, ed. H. M. Shelton, C. M. Piggin and J. L. Brewbaker. Canberra: Australian Centre for Agricultural Research, pp. 125-8.
150. Gentry, A. H. (1988). Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographic gradients. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 75, 1-34.
151. Gerling, D., Velthuis, H. H. W. and Hefetz, A. (1989). Bionomics of the large carpenter bees of the genus Xylocopa. Annual Review of Entomology, 34, 163-90.
152. Ghosh, R. C. (1977). Handbook of Afforestation Techniques. New Delhi: Controller of Publications, Government of India.
153. Gibson, I. A. S. and Jones, T. (1977). Monoculture as the origin of major forest pests and diseases, especially in the tropics and southern hemisphere. In Origins of Pest, Parasite, Disease and Weed Problems, ed. J. M. Cherrett and G. R. Sagar. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, pp. 139-61.
154. Gillett, J. D. (1971). Mosquitos. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
155. Goncalves, J. L. M., Poggiani, F., Stape, J. L. et al. (1999). Eucalypt plantations in the humid tropics: São Paulo, Brazil. In Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests, ed. E. K. S. Nambiar, C. Cossalter and A. Tiarks. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, pp. 5-12.
156. Gopakumar, B. and Prabhu, V. K. K. (1981). Eclosion rhythm and its entrainment by photoperiodism in Pyrausta (Hapalia) machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomon, 6, 329-33.
157. Gotoh, T. (1994). Insect borers of some valuable timber species in Thailand. Tropical Forestry, 30, 30-7.
158. Gotoh, T., Yincharoen, S., Ungwijarnpanya, S. and Hutacharern, C. (2002). Strategies for the management of the teak beehole borer, Xyleutes ceramicus (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) in Thailand. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, B. Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 99-103.
159. Gotoh, T., Kotulai, J. R. and Matsumoto, K. (2003). Stem borers of teak and yemane in Sabah, Malaysia, with analysis of attacks by the teak beehole borer (Xyleutes ceramica Wlk.). Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 37, 253-61.
160. Graham, S.A. and Knight, F.B. (1965). Principles of Forest Entomology, 4th edn. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.
161. Granados, R.R. and Federici, B.A. (ed.) (1986). The Biology of Bacuoviruses, Vol I and II. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
162. Gray, B. (1972). Economic tropical forest entomology. Annual Review of Entomology, 17, 313-54.
163. Greaves, T. (1959). Termites as forest pests. Australian Forester, 23, 114-20.
164. Greaves, T. and Florence, R. G. (1966). Incidence of termites in blackbutt regrowth. Australian Forester, 30, 153-61.
165. Greenbank, D.O., Schaefer, G.W. and Rainey, R.C. (1980). Spruce budworm moth flight and dispersal: new understanding from canopy observations, radar and aircraft. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 110, 1-49.
166. Greenbaum, H. N. (1975). Neodiprion merkeli Ross (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in the Bahamas. Florida Entomologist, 58, 202.
167. Grehan, J. R. (1987). Evolution of arboreal tunnelling by larvae of Aenetus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 14, 441-62.
168. Grimaldi, D. and Engel, M. S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
169. Gupta, B. K. and Borse, S.S. (1997). Relative toxicity of some insecticides as contact poison against third instar larvae of Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). Indian Forester, 123, 427-9.
170. Gupta, B. K., Ahmad, S. I. and Veer, V. (1989). Relative toxicity of some conventional insecticides against adult beetles of Calopepla leayana Latr. (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). Indian Forester, 115, 430-4.
171. Gupta, T. and Guleria, A. (1982). Non-wood Forest Products in India. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
172. Guzman, de E. D. and Nuhamara, S. K. (eds.) (1987). Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asia. Bogor, Indonesia: SEAMEO-BIOTROP.
173. Haack, R.A., Billings, R. F. and Richter A. M. (1989). Life history parameters of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attacking West Indian pine in the Dominican Republic. Florida Entomologist, 72, 591-603.
174. Hakkila, P. (1995). Procurement of Timber for the Finnish Forest Industries. Vantaa, Finland: Finnish Forest Research Institute.
175. Halos, S.C., Quiniones, S. S., Guzman, de E. D., Lapis, E. B. and Lucero, R. M. (1985). Towards an integrated control measure against shoot moth and needle blight affecting pines. PCARRD Monitor, 13, 6-8.
176. Hampson, G. F. (1893-6). Fauna of British India, Moths, vols 1-4. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd.
177. Hanel, H. and Watson, J.A. L. (1983). Preliminary field tests on the use of Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Nasutitermes exitiosus (Hill) (Isoptera: Termitidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94, 305-13.
178. Hannelius, S. and Kuusela, K. (1995). Finland: The Country of Evergreen Forest. Tampere, Finland: Forssan Kirjapaino Oy.
179. Haojie, W., Varma, R.V. and Tiansen, X. (1998a). Insect Pests of Bamboos in Asia: An Illustrated Manual. New Delhi: International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR).
180. Haojie, W., Floyd, R., Farrow, R. et al. (1998b). Insect damage on Acacia mearnsii in China. In Recent Developments in Acacia Planting, ed. J. W. Turnbull, H. R. Crompton and K. Pinyopusarerk. Canberra: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, 240-5.
181. Haojie, W., Floyd, R. B., Changfu, F. and Changchun, L. (2002). Evidence for natural control of insect pests of Acacia mearnsii in China. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, B. Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, 75-82.
182. Hardi, T.T.W. and Intari, S.E. (1990). Pest control in industrial plantation forest. In Proceeding Discusi Hutan Tanaman Industri, ed. Buharman, K. Purba and Hediana. Jakarta: Badan Litbang Kehutanan Departemen Kehutanan, 177-86.
183. Hardi, T. W. H., Husaeni, E. A., Darwiati, W. and Nurtjahjawilasa. (1996). A study of the morphology and morphometrics of adults of Xystrocera festiva Pascoe. Buletin Penelitian Hutan, 604, 39-48.
184. Harman, D. M. and Kulman, H. M. (eds.) (1973). A World Survey of the Parasites and Predators of the Genus Rhyacionia, parts 1-4. Maryland: University of Maryland Natural Resources Institute.
185. Harsh, N. S. K., Jamaluddin, N. S. and Tiwari, C. K. (1992). Top dying and mortality in provenance trial plantations of Gmelina arborea. Journal of Tropical Forestry, 8, 55-61.
186. Hawksworth, D. L. and Kalin-Arroyo, M.T. (1995). Magnitude and distribution of biodiversity. In Global Biodiversity Assessment, ed. V. H. Heywood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-99.
187. Hill, D. S. (1997). The Economic Importance of Insects. London: Chapman & Hall.
188. Hochmut, R. (1972a). Neodiprion insularis, a defoliator of Pinus caribaea. Baracoa, 2(2), 2-18.
189. Hochmut, R. (1972b). Pests of the genus Dioryctria (Lepidoptera, Phycitidae) that attack pines in Cuba. Baracoa, 2(3-4), 2-16.
190. Howard, F. W. (1995). Reduction of damage to mahogany by mahogany shoot borer and mahogany leaf miner by use of azadirachtin. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 7, 454-61.
191. Howard, F. W. and Solis, M. A. (1989). Distribution, life history and host plant relationships of mahogany webworm, Macalla thyrsisalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Florida Entomologist, 72, 469-79.
192. Hutacharern, C. (1990). Forest insect pests in Thailand. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 75-9.
193. Hutacharern, C. (1993). Insect pests. In Acacia mangium: Growing and Utilisation, ed. K. Awang and D. Taylor. Bangkok: Winrock International and FAO, pp. 163-202.
194. Hutacharern, C. (2001). Teak beehole borer, Xyleutes ceramica: ecology and management. In Protection of World Forests from Insect Pests: Advances in Research, IUFRO World Series Vol. 11, ed. R. Alfaro, K. Day, S. Salom et al. Malaysia: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, pp. 249-53.
195. Hutacharern, C. and Choldumrongkal, S. (1989). A note on the insect pests of multipurpose tree species in Thailand. Tropical Forest Science, 2, 81-4.
196. Hutacharern, C. and Panya, S. E. (1996). Biology and control of Aristobia horridula (Hope) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a pest of Pterocarpus macrocarpus. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 392-7.
197. Hutacharern, C. and Tubtim, N. (1995). Check List of Forest Insects in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of science, Technology and Environment.
198. Hutacharern, C., Yincharoen, S. and Eungwijarnpanya, S. (1993). Control of the teak defoliation by aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki. In Proceedings of the Forest Conference 1993, ed. B. Boonthawee. Bangkok: Royal Forest Department, pp. 5-19.
199. Huxley, C. R. (1986). Evolution of benevolent ant-plant relationships. In Insects and the Plant Surface, ed. B. Juniper and R. Southwood. London: Edward Arnold, pp. 257-82.
200. IFGTB (Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding). (1995). Pest Problems of Babul (Acacia nilotica ssp. indica) and Their Management. Coimbatore, India: Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education.
201. Intachat, J. (1998). The identity of a Malaysian teak skeletonizer, Paliga damastesalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 10, 561-3.
202. Intari, S. E. (1975). Observations on beehole borer (Duomitus ceramicus) in teak plantations in Kendal and Ciamis forest districts, Java. [Hasil pengamatan hamaoleng oleng (Duomitus ceramicus Wlk.) pada tegakan jati di KPH Kendal dan Ciamis]. Laporan Lembaga Penelitian Hutan, 204, 1-14.
203. Intari, S. E. (1996). The control of Mucanum sp. causing damage to seedlings of Shorea javanica in Krui, West Lampung. Buletin Penelitian Hutan, 604, 31-7.
204. Intari, S.E. and Natawiria, D. (1973). Whitegrubs in forest tree nurseries and young plantations. Laporan Lembaga Penelitian Hutan, 167, 1-22.
205. Intari, S.E. and Santoso, E. (1990). Planting pattern of industrial plantation forest as an effort to control pests and diseases. In Proceedings Discusi Hutan Tanaman Industri, ed. Buharman, K. Purba and C. Hediana. Jakarta: Badan Litbang Kehutanen Departemen Kehutanan, pp. 85-94.
206. Irianto, R. S. B., Matsumoto, K. and Mulyadi, K. (1997). The yellow butterfly species of the genus Eurema Hubner, causing severe defoliation in the forestry plantations of Albizzia and Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielson in the western part of Indonesia. JIRCAS Journal, 4, 41-9.
207. Jactel, H., Brockeroff, E. and Duelli, P. (2005). A test of the biodiversity-stability theory: meta-analysis of tree species diversity effects on insect pest infestations, and re-examination of responsible factors. In Forest Diversity and Function: Temperate and Boreal Systems, ed. M. Schererer-Lorenzen, C. Korner and E. D. Schulze. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 235-62.
208. Jain, A., Roychoudhury, N., Sharma, S., Bhargava, A. and Pant, N. C. (1998). Host plant resistance to insect pests in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) with reference to biochemical parameters. Indian Journal of Forestry, 21, 285-9.
209. Jain, A., Roychoudhury, N. and Bhargava, A. (2000). Role of foliar protein and polyphenol and their relationship to clonal resistance in teak against the leaf skeletoniser, Paliga machoeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 12, 221-6.
210. Jain, A., Singh, A. K., Banerjee, S. K. and Shukla, P. K. (2002). Chemical screening of different clones of Tectona grandis in relation to resistance against their key defoliators. Indian Journal of Forestry, 25, 254-73.
211. Jain, N. C. (1996). Growing pest problems in Prosopis cineraria in arid zones of India. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp 507-10.
212. Jamal, A. (1994). Major insect pests of gum arabic trees Acacia senegal Willd. and Acacia seyal L. in Western Sudan. Journal ofApplied Entomology, 117, 10-20.
213. Janzen, D. H. (1974). Tropical backwater rivers, animals and mast fruiting by the Dipterocarpaceae. Biotropica, 6, 69-103.
214. Jones, W. E., Grace, J. K. and Tamashiro, M. (1996). Virulence of seven isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae to Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Environmental Enomology, 25, 481-7.
215. Joseph, K.J. (1998). Biology and breeding behaviour of the elephant dung beetle, Heliocopris dominus Bates (Coprinae: Scarabaeidae). Entomon, 23, 325-9.
216. Joseph, K.J. and Venkitesan, T. S. (1996). Studies on the psyllid Heteropsylla cubana on subabul plantations in Kerala, India. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 416-22.
217. Kalia, S. and Lall, R. B. (2000). Efficacy of three varietal toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis tested against some important forest insect pests of multipurpose forest tree species. Indian Forester, 126, 62-6.
218. Kalshoven, L. G. E. (1950-1). De Plagen van de Cultuurgewassen in Indonesie, Van Hoeve W. Gravenhage/Bandoeng, Vol. 1 and 2. Revised and translated by Van der Laan P.A. (1981) as Pests of Crops in Indonesia. Jakarta: P. T. Ichtiar Baru-Van Hoeve.
219. Kalshoven, L. G. E. (1953). Important outbreaks of insect pests in the forests of Indonesia. Transactions of the 9th International Congress of Entomology, 2, 229-34.
220. Kamath, M. K., Senivasa, E. and Bola, I. (1996). Impact of termites on mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) plantations in Fiji. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 298-303.
221. Kan, W. H. (1958). Investigations on the injury and its control of silver spotted longicorn beetle to beef-wood. Bulletin of Taiwan Forest Research Institute, 58, 1-24.
222. Kasno and Husaeni, E. A. (2002). An integrated control of sengon stem borer in Java. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 127-31.
223. Kaur, S., Varshney, V. K. and Dayal, R. (2003). GC-MS Analysis of essential oil of Shorea robusta bast. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 5, 231-4.
224. Kaushik, R. C. (1956). Teli variety of Tectona grandis. In Proceedings of 9th Silvicultural Conference, Part 2. Dehra Dun, India: Forest Research Institute and Colleges, pp. 92-4.
225. Kellman, M. and Tackaberry, R. (1997). Tropical Environments: The Functioning and Management of Tropical Ecosystems. London: Routledge.
226. Kerr, J. (1782). Natural History of the insect which produces the gum lacca. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 71, 374-82.
227. KFRI (Kerala Forest Research Institute). (1981). Termite Control in Eucalypt Plantations, KFRI Information Bulletin 3. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
228. Khan, A. H. and Chatterjee, P. N. (1944). Undergrowth in teak plantations as a factor in reducing defoliation. Indian Forester, 70, 365-9.
229. Khan, H. R., Kumar, S. and Prasad, L. (1988a). Studies on seasonal activity of some agro-forestry insect pests by light trap. Indian Forester, 114, 215-29.
230. Khan, H. R., Bhandari, R. S., Prasad, L. and Kumar, S. (1988b). Population dynamics of Hyblaea puera Cram. (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) and Eutectona machaeralis Walk. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in teak forest of Madhya Pradesh (India). Indian Forester, 114, 803-13.
231. Khan, M. A. and Ahmad, D. (1991). Comparative toxicity of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to poplar leaf beetle, Chrysomela populi L. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Indian Journal of Forestry, 14, 42-5.
232. Kigomo, B. N. (1990). Bamboo resource in East African region. In Bamboo: Current Research, ed. I.V.R. Rao, R. Gananaharan and C.B. Sastry. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute and International Development Research Centre, Canada, pp. 22-8.
233. Kim, S. S. and Sohn, J. C. (2003). A new record of the family Hyblaeidae (Lepidoptera) from Korea. Korean Journal of Entomology, 33, 127-31.
234. Kirton, L. G., Brown, V. K. and Azmi, M. (1999). Do forest-floor wood residues in plantations increase the incidence of termite attack: testing current theory. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 11, 218-39.
235. Koenig, J. C. (1779). Beschaftigungen der Berlinischen Gesellschaft Naturforchender Freunde. (English translation: Fletcher, T. B. (1921).) Proceedings of the 4th Entomology Meet. Pusa, India, pp. 312-33.
236. Koricheva, J., Larsson, S. and Haukioja, E. (1998). Insect performance on experimentally stressed woody plants: a meta-analysis. Annual Review of Entomology, 43, 195-216.
237. Kulhavy, D. L., Smith, L.A. and Ross, W. G. (2001). Impact of the Texas leaf-cutting ant (Atta texana (Buckley)) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on a forested landscape. In Proceedings: Integrated Management and Dynamics of Forest Defoliating Insects, ed. A. M. Liebhold, M. L. McManus, I. S. Otvos and S. L. C. Fosbroke. Philadelphia: USDA Forest Service, pp. 85-90.
238. Kumar, P., Dabgar, V.M., Santosh, K. and Swaminath, M.H. (1999). A new pest to Terminalia tomentosa Wight. Myforest, 35, 259-61.
239. Lapis, E.B. (1987). The pine shoot moths, Dioryctria rubella Hamps. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Petrova cristata Wals. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the Philippines. In Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asia, BIOTROP Special Publication No. 26, ed. E. D. de Guzman and S. T. Nuhamara. Bogor, Indonesia: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology, pp. 97-103.
240. Laranjeiro, A.J. (1994). Integrated pest management at Aracruz Celulose. Forest Ecology and Management, 65, 45-52.
241. Larrea, D. M. (1999). Effect of growth stage, and nitrogen and carbon concentration, on Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) seedling folivory by insects. Ecologia en Bolivia, 32, 29-35.
242. Lavelle, P., Dangerfield, M., Fragoso, C. et al. (1994). The relationship between soil microfauna and tropical soil fertility. In The Biological Management of Soil Fertility, ed. P. L. Woomer and M. J. Swift. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 137-69.
243. Lawson, S.A., Wylie, F.R., Wylie, R.L. and Ryan, P. (2002). Longicorn beetles (Phoracantha spp.) and giant wood moths (Endoxyla spp.): emerging threats in tropical and subtropical eucalypt plantations in Queensland, Australia. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, B. Napompeth, Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 33-45.
244. Leather, S. R. (2000). Herbivory, phenology, morphology and the expression of sex in trees: who is in the driver's seat? Oikos, 90, 194-6.
245. Lefroy, H. M. (1909). Indian Insect Life: A Manual of the Insects of the Plains (Tropical India). Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co.
246. Lima, dos P. P. S. and Filho, E.B. (1985). The leaf cutting ants: serious pests of forests in Brazil. In Noxious Insects to Pine and Eucalypt Plantations in the Tropics, ed. J. H. Pedrosa-Macedo. Curitiba, Brazil: Federal University of Parana, Brazil and International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, pp. 147-8.
247. Logan, J.W. M., Cowie, R. H. and Wood, T. G. (1990). Termite (Isoptera) control in agriculture and forestry by non-chemical methods: a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80, 309-30.
248. Loganathan, J. and David, P. M. M. (1999). Rainfall: a major factor leading to outbreak of teak (Tectona grandis) defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) in commercial teak plantation. Indian Forester, 125, 316-20.
249. Loganathan, J. and David, P. M. M. (2000). Laboratory and field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner products against the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer. Insect Science and its Application, 61-5.
250. Loganathan, J., Soman, P. and Maragatham, S. (2001). Monitoring of two major pests of teak in intensively managed plantation through light trap study. Indian Forester, 127, 1047-52.
251. Long, Z. T., Mohler, C. L. and Carson, W. P. (2003). Extending the resource concentration hypothesis to plant communities: effects of litter and herbivores. Ecology, 84, 652-65.
252. López-Bellido, L. and Fuentes, M. (1997). Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk) de Wit. In Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Vol. 11, Auxiliary Plants, ed. I. F. Hanum and L. J. B. van der Masen. Bogor, Indonesia: PROSEA Foundation, pp. 175-84.
253. Lowe, R. G. (1961). Control of termite attack on Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Empire Forestry Review, 40, 73-8.
254. Lucero, R. M. (1987). Pine shoot borer infestation in Abra Province of the Philippines. In Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asia, BIOTROP Special Publication No. 26, ed. E. D. de Guzman and S. T. Nuhamara. Bogor, Indonesia: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology, pp. 157-62.
255. Lugo, A.E., Farnworth, E.G., Pool, D., Jerez, P. and Kaufman, G. (1973). The impact of the leaf-cutter ant Atta colombica on the energy flow of a tropical wet forest. Ecology, 54, 1292-301.
256. Mackenzie, J. M. D. (1921). Some notes on forest insect pests in Burma. Indian Forester, 47, 309-17.
257. Mailu, A. M., Khamala, C. P. M. and Rose, D. J. W. (1980). Population dynamics of pine woolly aphid, Pineus pini (Gmelin) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in Kenya. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 70, 483-90.
258. Maloney, P. E. and Rizzo, D. M. (2002). Pathogens and insects in a pristine forest ecosystem: the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja, Mexico. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research, 32, 448-57.
259. Mangoendihardjo, S., Mahrub, E. and Warrow, J. (1990). Endemic natural enemies of the leucaena psyllid in Indonesia. In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 159-61.
260. Mary, M.V. and Sankaran, K.V. (1991). Ex-situ decomposition of leaf litters of Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Albizia falcataria, KFRI Research Report 71. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
261. Mathew, G. (1982). A survey of beetles damaging commercially important stored timber in Kerala, KFRI Research Report 10. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
262. Mathew, G. (1986). Insects associated with forest plantations of Gmelina arborea Roxb. in Kerala, India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 94, 308-11.
263. Mathew, G. (1990). Biology and Ecology of the Teak Trunk Borer, Cossus cadambae Moore and its Possible Control, KFRI Research Report No. 68. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
264. Mathew, G. (1991). Biology, seasonal population trends and impact of the teak carpenterworm, Alcterogystia cadambae (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Annals of Entomology, 9, 39-46.
265. Mathew, G. (1993). Nursery pests of indigenous tree species and their management in Kerala, India. In Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries, proceedings of IUFRO Conference in Dijon, France, ed. R. Perrin and J. R. Sutherland. Paris: INRA, pp. 145-51.
266. Mathew, G. (1995). Field performance of some indigenous tree species with respect to pest incidence in Kerala (India). Indian Journal of Forestry, 18, 133-40.
267. Mathew, G. (2002). Distribution, host range and possible management of Indarbela quadrinotata attacking forest plantations of Paraserianthes falcataria in Kerala, India. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 133-8.
268. Mathew, G. and Nair, K. S. S. (1985). Insects associated with forest plantations of Paraserianthes falcataria in Kerala, India. Malaysian Forester, 49, 200-5.
269. Mathew, G. and Nair, K. S. S. (1986). Bagworms (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) of Kerala: their potential as pests of tree crops. In Proceedings of the 3rd Oriental Entomology Symposium, vol. 2, ed. G. Koshy et al. Trivandrum, India: University of Kerala, pp. 163-7.
270. Mathew, G. and Rahamathulla, V. K. (1995). Biodiversity in the Western Ghats: a study with reference to moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) in the Silent Valley National Park, India. Entomon, 20, 25-33.
271. Mathew, G. and Rugmini, P. (1996). Impact of the borer Alcterogystia cadambae (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) in forest plantations of teak in Kerala, India. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 304-10.
272. Mathew, G. and Sudheendrakumar, V.V. (1992). Outbreak of Udongo montana (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on bamboo in natural forests and adjoining plantation in Wynad. Bamboo Information Centre India Bulletin, 2, 17-18.
273. Mathew, G., Rugmini, P. and Jayaraman, K. (1989). Studies on spatial distribution in the teak carpenterworm Cossus cadambae Moore (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 28, 88-96.
274. Mathur, R. N. (1942). On the biology of the parasites of the shisham defoliators in the Punjab plantations. Indian Forest Records (Entomology) (New Series), 7, 11-65.
275. Mathur, R.N. (1943). Bamboo defoliators. Indian Journal of Entomology, 5, 117-28.
276. Mathur, R. N. (1960). Pests of teak and their control. Indian Forest Records (New Series), Entomology, 10, 43-66.
277. Mathur, R. N. (1979). Biology of Tingis (Caenotingis) beesoni Drake (Heteroptera: Tingitidae). Indian Forest Bulletin, 276, 1-6.
278. Mathur, R. N. and Singh, B. (1960). A list of insect pests of forest plants in India and the adjacent countries, Part 5: List of insect pests of plant genera ‘D’ to ‘F’ (Dactyloclenium to Funtumia). Indian Forest Bulletin, 171(4), 1-165.
279. Mathur, R. N. and Singh, B. (1960-1). A list of insect pests of forest plants in India and the adjacent countries, Parts 4-10. Indian Forest Bulletin (New Series), 171(3-9), 1-45, 1-165, 1-91, 1-148, 1-130, 1-88, 1-116.
280. Mathur, R. N. and Singh, B. (1961). A list of insect pests of forest plants in India and the adjacent countries, Part 10. List of insect pests of plant genera ‘T’ to ‘Z’ (Tabernaemontana to Zizyphus). Indian Forest Bulletin (New Series), 171(9), 1-116.
281. Mathur, R. N., Chatterjee, P. N. and Sen-Sarma, P. K. (1970). Biology, ecology and control of Ailanthus defoliator Atteva fabriciella Swed. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in Madhya Pradesh. Indian Forester, 96, 538-52.
282. Matsumoto, K. (1994). Studies on the Ecological Characteristics and Methods of Control of Insect Pests of Trees in Reforested Areas in Indonesia. Final Report submitted to Agency for Forestry Research and Development. Jakarta: AFRD, Ministry of Forestry.
283. Matsumoto, K. and Irianto, R. S.B. (1998). Adult biology of the albizia borer, Xystrocera festiva Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), based on laboratory breeding, with particular reference to its oviposition schedule. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 10, 367-78.
284. Matsumoto, K. and Kotulai, J. R. (2000). Insect pests of mahoganies with particular attention to shoot borers. In Proceedings of the Seminar on High Value Timber Species for Plantation Establishment: Teak and Mahoganies, JIRCAS Working Report No. 16. Sabah, Malaysia: Japan International Cooperation Agency, pp. 67-79.
285. Matsumoto, K. and Kotulai, J. R. (2002). Field tests on the effectiveness of Azadirachta companion planting as a shoot borer repellent to protect mahogany. JIRCAS Journal, 10, 1-8.
286. Matsumoto, K., Mulyadi, K. and Irianto, R. S.B. (1997). A promising method to protect mahogany plantations from attack by the shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta Moore (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). JIRCAS Journal, 5, 23-9.
287. Mattson, W.J. and Addy, N. D. (1975). Phytophagous insects as regulators of forest primary production. Science, 190, 515-22.
288. Mauldin, J., Jones, S. and Beal, R. (1987). Viewing termiticides. Pest Control, 55, 46-59.
289. May, R. M. (1994). Past efforts and future prospects towards understanding how many species there are. In Biodiversity and Global Change, ed. O. T. Solbrig, M. van Emden and P. G. W. J. van Oordt. WallIngford, Oxon: CAB International, pp. 71-84.
290. Mayhew, J. E. and Newton, A. C. (1998). The Silviculture of Mahogany. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International.
291. McClay, A. S. (1990). Distribution of leucaena psyllid and its natural enemies in Mexico: implications for biological control. In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 139-43.
292. McGaughery, W. H. (1994). Problems of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 49, 95-102.
293. Menendez, J. M., Echevarria, E., Garcia, A. et al. (1986). Use of Bacillus thuringiensis in the control of Rhyacionia frustrana. Revista Forestal Baracoa, 16, 101-11.
294. Mesa, A. de (1939). Molave (Vitex parviflora Juss.) and its carpenter moth enemy (Xyleutes ceramicus Walk.). Philippine Journal of Forestry, 2, 45-53.
295. Meshram, P. B. and Garg, V. V. (2000). A new report of Parasa lepida Cramer (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) and Trypanophora semihyalina Kollar (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) as pests of Gmelina arborea. Indian Forester, 126, 690-1.
296. Meshram, P. B. and Tiwari, C. K. (2003). Lace bug Tingis beesoni (Drake) causing top dying of Gmelina arborea (Linn.) in Hi Tech plantations and evaluation of certain pesticides against the bug. Journal of Applied Zoological Researches, 14, 200-3.
297. Meshram, P. B., Pathak, S.C. and Jamaluddin, N. S. (1990). Population dynamics and seasonal abundance of some forest insect pests (nursery stage) through light trap. Indian Forester, 116, 494-503.
298. Meshram, P. B., Husen, M. and Joshi, K. C. (1993). A new report of ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus compactus Eichoff. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) as a pest of African mahogany, Khaya sp. Indian Forester, 119, 75-7.
299. Meshram, P. B., Joshi, K. C. and Sarkar, A. K. (1994). Relative resistance of certain clones of Tectona grandis to teak leaf skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walk. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Forester, 120, 58-61.
300. Meshram, P. B., Pande, P. K. and Banerjee, S.K. (2001). Impact of pest problems in Gmelina arborea Linn. plantations in Western Maharashtra. Indian Forester, 127, 1377-86.
301. Messer, A. D., Wanta, N. N. and Sunjaya. (1992). Biological and ecological studies of Calliteara cerigoides (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), a polyphagous defoliator of Southeast Asian Dipterocarpaceae. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 191-202.
302. Miller, J. R. and Strickler, K. L. (1984). Finding and accepting host plants. In Chemical Ecology of Insects, ed. V.J. Bell and R. T. Carde. London: Chapman & Hall Ltd., pp. 127-57.
303. Milner, R. J. (2000). Current status of Metarhizium as a mycoinsecticide in Australia. Biocontrol News and Information, 21, 47N-57N.
304. Milner, R.J., Staples, J.A. and Lutton, G.G. (1998). The selection of isolates of the hyphomycete fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, for control of termites in Australia. Biological Control, 11, 240-7.
305. Mishra, S.C. (1992). Comparative natural resistance of different clones of Tectona grandis L.f. to teak skeletoniser Eutectona machaeralis Wlk. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Forester, 118, 274-8.
306. Mishra, S. C., Veer, V. and Chandra, A. (1985). Aristobia horridula Hope (Coleoptera: Lamiidae) a new pest of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) in West Bengal. Indian Forester, 111, 738-41.
307. Misra, R. M. (1993). Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, a fungal pathogen of Hypsipyla robusta Moore (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Journal of Forestry,16, 236-8.
308. Misra, R. M. and Singh, P. (1993). Bioassay of Thuricide: a microbial insecticide against important forest pests, II. Indian Forester, 199, 33-5.
309. Misra, R. M., Mishra, R.K. and Bhandari, R. S. (2001). Biological agents of Heteropsylla cubana on Leucaena leucocephala in Kalsi, Dehra Dun, Uttaranchal. Indian Journal of Forestry, 24, 403-8.
310. Mitchell, M. R. (1989). Comparison of non-persistent insecticides in controlled release granules with a persistent organochlorine insecticide for the control of termites in young Eucalyptus plantations in Zimbabwe. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 68, 281-94.
311. Mohanadas, K. (2000). Management of the Shoot Borer Hypsipyla robusta (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) in Mahogany Plantations, KFRI Research Report No. 184. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
312. Mohanadas, K. and Varma, R.V. (1984). A new host record for Atteva fabriciella, a pest of Ailanthus. Journal of Tree Sciences, 3, 128.
313. Montagnini, F., Gonzalez, E., Porras, C. and Rheingans, R. (1995). Mixed and pure forest plantations in the humid neotropics: a comparison of early growth, pest damage and establishment costs. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 74, 306-14.
314. Morgan, F.D. and Suratmo, F. G. (1976). Host preferences of Hypsipyla robusta (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in West Java. Australian Forestry, 39, 103-12.
315. Murphy S. T. (1996). Status and impact of invasive conifer aphid pests in Africa. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 289-7.
316. Murphy, S. T., Abraham, Y. J. and Cross, A. E. (1991). Ecology and economic importance of the aphid pests, Pineus sp. and Eulachnus rileyi on exotic pine plantations in southern and eastern Africa. In Exotic Aphid Pests of Conifers: a Crisis in African Forestry, ed. FAO. Rome: FAO, pp. 48-53.
317. Nair, K. S. S. (1982). Seasonal Incidence, Host Range and Control of the Teak Sapling Borer, Sahyadrassus malabaricus, KFRI Research Report No. 16. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
318. Nair, K. S. S. (1986a). The problem of insect defoliation of teak: to spray or not to spray. In Proceedings of 2nd Forestry Conference, vol. 2, ed. N.K. Mathur. Dehra Dun, India: Forestry Research Institude and Colleges, pp. 876-9.
319. Nair, K. S.S. (1986b). Important insect pest problems of forest plantations in tropical India. In Proceedings of the 18th IUFRO World Congress, vol. 1. Ljubljana, Yugoslavia: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, pp. 134-45.
320. Nair, K. S.S. (1987a). Migration, a mechanism of parasite evasion. In Advances in Biological Control Research in India, ed. K. J. Joseph and U. C. Abdurahiman. Calicut, India: University of Calicut, pp. 84-6.
321. Nair, K. S.S. (1987b). Life history, ecology and pest status of the sapling borer, Sahyadrassus malabaricus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae). Entomon, 12, 167-73.
322. Nair, K. S.S. (1987c). Control of the sapling borer, Sahyadrassus malabaricus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) in forest plantations. Entomon, 12, 137-9.
323. Nair, K. S.S. (1988). The teak defoliator in Kerala, India. In Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, ed. A. A. Berryman. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 267-89.
324. Nair, K. S.S. (1991). Social, economic and policy aspects of integrated pest management of forest defoliators in India. Forest Ecology and Management, 39, 283-8.
325. Nair, K.S.S. (1994). Forestry: pesticide application practices. In The Pesticides Industry, ed. B. V. David. Madras, India: HC Kothari Group Publications Division, pp. 86-101.
326. Nair, K.S.S. (1998). KFRI's tryst with the teak defoliator. Evergreen (KFRI, Peechi), 40, 1-7.
327. Nair, K. S. S. (ed.) (2000). Insect Pests and Diseases in Indonesian Forests: An Assessment of the Major Threats, Research Efforts and Literature. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research.
328. Nair, K. S. S. (2001a). Pest Outbreaks in Tropical Forest Plantations: Is There a Greater Risk for Exotic Tree Species? Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research.
329. Nair, K S. S. (2001b). Management of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera: current status. In Protection of World Forests from Insect Pests: Advances in Research, IUFRO World Series Vol. 11, ed. R. Alfaro, K. Day, S. Salom et al. Malaysia: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, pp. 231-8.
330. Nair, K. S.S. and Mathew, G. (1988). Biology and Control of Insect Pests of Fast-Growing Hardwood Species, KFRI Research Report 51. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
331. Nair, K. S. S. and Mathew, G. (1992). Biology, infestation characteristics and impact of the bagworm, Pteroma plagiophelps Hamps. in forest plantations of Paraserianthes falcataria. Entomon, 17, 1-13.
332. Nair, K. S. S. and Mohanadas, K (1996). Early events in the outbreak of the teak caterpillar, Hyblaea puera. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 22, 271-9.
333. Nair, K.S.S. and Sudheendrakumar, V.V. (1986). The teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera: defoliation dynamics and evidences for short-range migration of moths. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Animal Sciences), 95, 7-21.
334. Nair, K. S. S. and Sudheendrakumar, V. V. (1992). Economics of pest control in forest plantations. In Socio-Economic Research in Forestry, ed. S. Chand Basha, P. K. Muraleedharan, K. K. Seethalakshmi, K. V. Sankaran and K. K. N. Nair. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute and the Ford Foundation, pp. 94-100.
335. Nair, K. S. S. and Sumardi. (2000). Insect pests and diseases of major plantation species. In Insect Pests and Diseases in Indonesian Forests: An Assessment of the Major Threats, Research Efforts and Literature, ed. K. S. S. Nair. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, pp. 15-38.
336. Nair, K. S. S. and Varma, R. V. (1981). Termite Control in Eucalypt Plantations, KFRI Research Report No. 6. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
337. Nair, K. S. S. and Varma, R. V. (1985). Some ecological aspects of the termite problem in young eucalypt plantations in Kerala, India. Forest Ecology and Management, 12, 287-303.
338. Nair, K.S.S., Sudheendrakumar, V.V., Varma, R.V. and Chacko, K. C. (1985). Studies on the Seasonal Incidence of Defoliators and the Effect of Defoliation on Volume Increment of Teak, KFRI Research Report No. 3Q. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
339. Nair, K. S. S., Mathew, G., Mohanadas, K. and Menon, A. R. R. (1986a). A Study of Insect Pest Incidence in Natural Forests, KFRI Research Report No. 44. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
340. Nair, K. S. S., Mathew, G., Varma, R. V. and Sudheendrakumar, V. V. (1986b). Insect pests of eucalypts in India. In Eucalyptus in India: Past, Present and Future, ed. J. K. Sharma, T. S. Nair, S. Kedharnath and S. Kondas. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 325-35.
341. Nair, K. S. S., Mohanadas, K. and Sudheendrakumar, V. V. (1995). Biological control of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera, Hyblaeidae) using insect parasitoids: problems and prospects. In Biological Control of Social Forest and Plantation Crops Insects, ed. T. N. Ananthakrishnan. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., pp. 77-95.
342. Nair, K. S. S., Sudheendrakumar, V. V., Varma, R. V., Chacko, K. C. and Jayaraman, K. (1996a). Effect of defoliation by Hyblaea puera and Eutectona machaeralis (Lepidoptera) on volume increment of teak. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 257-73.
343. Nair, K. S. S., Babjan, B., Sajeev, T. V. et al. (1996b). Field efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus for protection of teak against the defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). Journal of Biological Control, 10, 79-85.
344. Nair, K. S. S., Varma, R. V., Mathew, G., Sudheendrakumar, V. V. and Mohanadas, K. (1996c). Perceived impact of insect pest problems in forest plantations in Kerala. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 317-23.
345. Nair, K.S.S., Sudheendrakumar, V.V., Mohanadas, K. et al. (1997). Search for teak trees resistant to the defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera, Hyblaeidae). In Ecology and Evolution of Plant-feeding Insects in Natural and Man-made Environments, ed. A. Raman. New Delhi: International Scientific Publications, pp. 109-22.
346. Nair, K.S.S., Sudheendrakumar, V.V., Varma, R.V. and Mohanadas, K. (1998a). Tracing the Epicentres of Teak Defoliator Outbreaks in Kerala, KFRI Research Report No. 147. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
347. Nair, K. S. S., Varma, R. V., Sudheendrakumar, V. V., Mohanadas, K. and Ali, M. I. M. (1998b). Management of the Teak Defoliator (Hyblaea puera) Using Nuclear Polyherosis Virus (NPV), KFRI Research Report No. 151. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
348. Nair, K. S. S., Kallarackal, J. and Chacko, K. C. (1999). Environmental impact of plantations. In Plantation Crops of Kerala: Challenges and Options. Trivandrum, India: State Committee on Science, Technology and Environment, pp. 51-69.
349. Nair, M. R. G. K. (1989). A Monograph on Crop Pests of Kerala and their Control, 2nd edn. Thrissur, India: Kerala Agricultural University.
350. Nakamuta, K., Matsumoto, K. and Kotulai, J. R. (2002a). Field trapping of the mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), with synthetic sex pheromones in Sabah, Malaysia. JIRCAS Journal, 10, 9-12.
351. Nakamuta, K., Nakashima, T., Ikeda, T., Eungwijarnpanya, S., Yincharoen, S. and Hutacharern, C. (2002b). Sex pheromone of the teak beehole borer, Xyleutes ceramicus. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 93-8.
352. Nambiar, E. K. S., Gintings, A. N., Ruhiat, D., Natadiwirya, M., Harwood, C. E. and Booth, T. H. (eds.) (1998). Sustained Productivity of Short and Medium Rotation Plantation Forests for Commercial and Community Benefit in Indonesia: an Analysis of Research Priorities. Canberra: CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, pp. 13-16.
353. Napompeth, B. (1990a). Leucaena psyllid problems in Asia and the Pacific. In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 1-11.
354. Napompeth, B. (1990b). Utilization of natural enemies for biological control of the leucaena psyllid in Thailand. In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 175-80.
355. Napompeth, B. (1994). Leucaena Psyllid in the Asia-Pacific Region: Implications for its Management in Africa. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
356. Napompeth, B. and MacDicken, K.G. (eds.) (1990). Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED.
357. Napompeth, B. and Maneeratana, T. (1990). Biological and partial ecological life tables of Heteropsylla cubana Crawford and its predator, Curinus coerulus Mulsant, in Thailand. In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 130-8.
358. Narendran, T. C. (2001). Taxonomic entomology: research and education in India. Current Science, 81, 445-7.
359. Narendran, T. C. and Kovac, D. (1995). Insecta (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) associated with bamboo in West Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 43, 329-36.
360. Nascimento, M.T. and Proctor, J. (1994). Insect defoliation of a monodominant Amazonian rainforest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10, 633-6.
361. Natawiria, D. (1990). Insect pests in plantation forests in Indonesia. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 56-61.
362. Nautiyal, J. C. (1988). Forest Economics: Principles and Applications. Dehra Dun, India: Natraj Publishers.
363. Newton, A. C., Baker, P., Ramnarine, S., Mesen, J. F. and Leakey, R. R. B. (1993). The mahogany shoot borer: prospects for control. Forest Ecology and Management, 57, 301-28.
364. Ngatiman and Tangketasik, J. (1987). Some insect pests on trial plantation of PT ITCI, Balikapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tropical Forest Research Journal Samarinda, 41-53.
365. Nkunika, P. O.Y. (1980). A survey of the termite species associated with Eucalyptus plantations in Zambia. Zambia Journal of Science and Technology, 5, 33-8.
366. Nogueira, S.B. and De-Souza, A.J. (1987). Heartwood termite, Coptotermes testaceus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), a serious pest of eucalypts in cerrado areas. Brasil Florestal, 15, 27-9.
367. Notoatmodjo, S.S. (1963). Cara-cara mencegah serengan masal dan boktor Xystrocera festiva Pasco pada tegakan Albizia falcataria [Prevention of massive attacks of Xystrocera festiva on Albizia falcataria]. Aporan LPH, 92, 1-12.
368. Nottingale, P.J. and Schultz, T. C. (1987). What is a forest pest? In Insect Outbreaks, ed. P. Barbosa and J. C. Schultz. London: Academic Press, pp. 59-80.
369. Odiyo, P.O. (1979). Forecasting infestations of a migrant pest: the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walk.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 287, 403-13.
370. Ogol, C. K. P. O. and Spence, J. R. (1997). Abundance, population dynamics and impact of the leucaena psyllid Heteropsylla cubana Crawford in a maize-leucaena agroforestry system in Kenya. Insect Science and its Application, 17, 183-92.
371. Oka, A. G. and Vaishampayan, S.M. (1981). Whitegrub menace in teak nurseries in Maharashtra. In Progress in Soil Biology and Ecology of India, ed. G. K. Veeresh. Bangalore, India: University of Agricultural Sciences, pp. 161-4.
372. Oka, I.N. (1990). Progress and future activities of the leucaena psyllid research programmes in Indonesia. In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/ NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 25-7.
373. Pandey, D. (1995). Forest Resources Assessment 1990: Tropical Forest Plantation Resources, FAO Forestry paper 128. Rome: FAO.
374. Pandey, D. (1997). Hardwood Plantations in the Tropics and Subtropics: Tropical Forest Plantation Areas 1995, Project GCP/INT/628/UK. Rome: FAO.
375. Parry, M. S. (1959). Control of termites in Eucalyptus plantations. Empire Forest Review, 38, 288-92.
376. Patel, M. and Sahu, A. K. (1995). Control of termite attack on some high pulp yielding trees. Indian Forester, 121, 295-9.
377. Patil, B.V. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1981). Record of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on teak skeletonizer, Pyrausta machaeralis (Walker). Indian Forester, 107, 698-9.
378. Patil, B.V. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1983a). Seasonal incidence of teak skeletonizer Pyrausta machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Prabhunagar Forest. Indian Journal of Ecology, 10, 204-9.
379. Patil, B.V. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1983b). Natural enemy complex of the teak skeletonizer, Pyrausta machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Karnataka. Entomon, 8, 249-55.
380. Patil, B. V. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1983c). Studies on the acceptance and biology of different Trichogramma spp. on the teak skeletonizer, Pyrausta machaeralis Walker. Indian Forester, 109, 292-7.
381. Patil, B.V. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1984). Efficacy of egg parasite, Trichogramma spp. in parasitising the eggs of the teak skeletonizer, Pyrausta machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Forester, 110, 413-18.
382. Patil, B.V. and Thontadarya, T.S. (1986). Diapause in teak skeletonizer, Pyrausta machaeralis and its parasite, Cremnops atricornis. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20, 38-42.
383. Patil, B.V. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1987a). Biology of the teak skeletonizer, Pyrausta machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21, 32-9.
384. Patil, B.V. and Thontadarya, T.S. (1987b). Studies on the induction and termination of hibernation of the teak skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomon, 12, 179-82.
385. Pedgley, D.E. (1990). Concentration of flying insects by the wind. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 328B, 631-53.
386. Pedrosa-Macedo, J. H. (ed.) (1985). Noxious Insects to Pine and Eucalypt Plantations in the Tropics. Brazil: Federal University of Parana and International Union of Forestry Research Organizations.
387. Perum Perhutani. (1995). A Glance at Perum Perhutani (Forest State Corporation), Indonesia. Jakarta: Perum Perhutani.
388. Pillai, S. R. M. and Gopi, K. C. (1990a). The bagworm Pteroma plagiophleps Hamp. (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) attack on Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Wild. ex del. Indian Forester, 116, 581-3.
389. Pillai, S. R. M. and Gopi, K. C. (1990b). Further records of insect pests on Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Will. Ex Del. in nurseries and young plantations and the need for control measures. Indian Journal of Forestry, 13, 8-13.
390. Pillai, S. R. M. and Gopi, K. C. (1990c). Epidemic outbreak of mealy bug Ferrisiana virgata (Cockerell) (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera) in su-babul (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) plantations. Indian Forester, 116, 822-4.
391. Pillai, S. R. M. and Gopi, K. C. (1991). Insects associated with Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg in South India. Myforest, 27, 91-106.
392. Pillai, S. R. M. and Thakur, M. L. (1990). On some aspects of biology of Ithome lassula Hodges (Cosmopterygidae): a microlepidopteran pest introduced to India with the host Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. Indian Forester, 116, 643-7.
393. Piyakarnchana, T. (1981). Severe defoliation of Avicennia alba BL. by larvae of Cleora injectaria Walker. Journal of the Science Society of Thailand, 7, 33-6.
394. Pogue, M. G. and Aiello, A. (1999). Description of the immature stages of three species of Eulepidotis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with notes on their natural history. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 101, 300-11.
395. Price, P.W. (1997). Insect Ecology, 3rd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
396. Quiniones, S. S. and Zamora, R.A. (1987). Forest pests and diseases in the Philippines. In Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asia, BIOTROP Special Publication No. 26, ed. E. D. de Guzman and S. T. Nuhamara. Bogor, Indonesia: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology, pp. 43-65.
397. Rabindra, R.J., Varma, R.V., Ali, M. I. M. and Sudheendrakumar, V.V. (1997). Tests for cross-infectivity of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera to some lepidopterous insects. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 3, 109-11.
398. Raetano, C. G., Wilcken, C. F. and Crocomo, W. B. (1997). Termite control in eucalypt forests with fipronil (Regent 20G) applied to the soil surface. Revista Arvore, 289-93.
399. Rahayu, S., Subyanto and Kuswanto. (1998). The occurrence of pest and disease of Shorea spp.: A preliminary study in Wanariset and Bukit Soeharto Forest Area in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In Proceedings of the Seminar on Ecological Approach for Productivity and Sustainability of Dipterocarp Forests, ed. H. M. S. Sabarnudin, S. Suhardi and Y. Okimori. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University and Kansai Environmental Engineering Center, pp. 53-7.
400. Rajagopal, D. (1982). Relative incidence of termites on exotic species of Eucalyptus in Karnataka. Myforest, 18, 9-13.
401. Rajak, R. C., Agarwal, G. P., Khan, A. R. and Sandhu, S.S. (1993). Susceptibility of teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera Cramer) and teak skeletonizer (Eutectona machaeralis Walker) to Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 31, 80-2.
402. Ralph, R. (1985). Occurrence of Celosterna scabrator var. spinator on Eucalyptus. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 82, 682-3.
403. Ralph, R. (1990). Infestation by the borer Celosterna scabrator variety scabrator on Acacia nilotica in north Karnataka. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 61, 91-4.
404. Rauf, A., Hidayat, P., Maryana, N. and Winasa, I. W. (1990). Biology and demography of Heteropsylla cubana Crawford (Homoptera: Psyllidae). In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 114-18.
405. Rees, C. J. C. (1983). Microclimate and the flying Hemiptera fauna of a primary lowland rain forest in Sulawesi. In Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, ed. S. L. Sutton, T. S. Whitmore and A. C. Chadwick. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 121-36.
406. Remadevi, O. K. and Muthukrishnan, R. (1998). Farmer trials on the control of the defoliators, Eutectona machaeralis Walker and Hyblaea puera Cramer on teak saplings. In Advances in IPM for Horticultural Crops, ed. P.P. Reddy, T.I. Kumar and A Verghese. Bangalore, India: Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, pp. 179-82.
407. Resende, V. F., Zanuncio, J. C., Guedes, R. N. C. and Nogueira, P. B. (1995). Comparative effects of carbosulfan and aldrin in the protection of eucalyptus seedlings against soil termites. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, 645-8.
408. Richards, O.W. and Davies, R. G. (1977). Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology. 10th edn., vols 1 and 2. London: Chapman & Hall.
409. Riley, J. R., Reynolds, D. R. and Farmery, M.J. (1983). Observations on the flight behaviour of the armyworm moth, Spodoptera exempta, at an emergence site using radar and infra-red optical techniques. Ecological Entomology, 8, 395-418.
410. Risch, S.J. (1981). Insect herbivore abundance in tropical monocultures and polycultures: an experimental test of two hypotheses. Ecology, 62, 1325-40.
411. Risch, S.J., Andow, D. and Altieri, M.A. (1983). Agroecosystem diversity and pest control: data, tentative conclusions, and new research directions. Environmental Entomology, 12, 625-9.
412. Roberts, H. (1978). When ambrosia beetles attack mahogany trees in Fiji. Unasylva, 29, 25-8.
413. Roonwal, M. L. (1978). The biology, ecology and control of the sal heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis: a review of recent work. Indian Journal of Entomology, 107-20.
414. Roonwal, M. L. (1979). Termite Life and Termite Control in Tropical South Asia. Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers.
415. Roonwal, M. L. (1990). Field-ecological observations on the Ailanthus excels defoliator, Eligma narcissus indica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Peninsular India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 13, 81-4.
416. Roonwal, M. L. and Rathore, N. S. (1984). New termite pests of eucalyptus in India and their control. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 98, 225-30.
417. Root, R. B. (1973). Organisation of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecological Monographs, 43, 94-125.
418. Rose, D.J.W., Page, W.W., Dewhurst, C.F. et al. (1985). Downwind migration of the African army worm moth, Spodoptera exempta, studied by mark-and-capture and by radar. Ecological Entomology, 10, 299-313.
419. Ross, H. (1962). How to Collect and Preserve Insects. Circular 39. Illinois: Illinois Natual History Survey, p. 30.
420. Roychoudhury, N. and Joshi, K.C. (1996). Search for natural resistance in teak clones against Eutectona machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Journal of Forestry, 19, 205-13.
421. Roychoudhury, N., Joshi, K.C., Sambath, S. and Pandey, D. K. (1994). Effectiveness of three varietal toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis against teak leaf skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walker (Pyralidae). Myforest, 30, 57-60.
422. Roychoudhury, N., Jain, A. and Joshi, K. C. (1995a). Resistance in teak clones against leaf skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). In Advances in Forestry Research in India, vol. 13, ed. R. Prakash. Dehra Dun, India: International Book Distributors, pp. 140-58.
423. Roychoudhury, N., Jain, A. and Joshi, K. C. (1995b). Alteration of growth and development in leaf skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walker, due to variations in teak leaves of different maturity. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 33, 227-9.
424. Roychoudhury, N., Joshi, K.C. and Pal, R. (1997a). Larval feeding preference of leaf skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walker, on teak leaves of different maturity. In Advances in Forestry Research in India, vol. 16, ed. R. Prakash. Dehra Dun, India: International Book Distributors, pp. 172-9.
425. Roychoudhury, N., Jain, A., Joshi, K. C. and Lal, R. B. (1997b). Natural resistance in teak clones to leaf skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walker: an appraisal. The Indian Forester, 123, 1027-35.
426. Sajap, A. S. and Jan, P.T. (1990). Pathogenicity of two entomogenous fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in the termite Coptotermes curvignathus. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 266-71.
427. Sajap, A. S., Yaacob, A.W. and Aidah, M. (1997). Biology of Spirama retorta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a new pest of Acacia mangium in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 10, 167-75.
428. Sajeev, T.V. (1999). Spatial dynamics of teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera Cramer) outbreaks: patterns and causes. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India.
429. Sakchoowong, W. (2002). Effects of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae) on teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera Cramer, Lepidoptera: Hybleidae) in laboratory. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, B. Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 105-10.
430. Salazar, R. (1984). Preliminary notes on the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Costa Rica. Turrialba, 34, 250-2.
431. Sands, W.A. (1962). The evaluation of insecticides as soil and mound poisons against termites in agriculture and forestry in West Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 53, 179-92.
432. Sankaran, K.V., Mohanadas, K. and Ali, M. I. M. (1989). Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., a possible biocontrol agent against Myllocerus viridanus Fabr. and Calopepla leayana Latreille in south India. Current Science, 58, 467-9.
433. Sankaran, T. (1970). The oil palm bagworms of Sabah and the possibilities of their biological control. PANS, 16, 43-55.
434. Santhakumaran, L.N., Remadevi, O.K. and Sivaramakrishnan, V.R. (1995). A new record of the insect defoliator, Pteroma plagiophleps Hamp. (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from mangroves along the Goa coast (India). Indian Forester, 121, 153-5.
435. Santhosh, K. and Kumar, P. (2003). New incidence of Alcterogystia cadambae Moore (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) on Butea monosperma Taub. Myforest, 39, 89-91.
436. Santoso, E. and Hardi, T. (1991). Pest and disease control of timber estates in East Kalimantan. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan, 7, 14-17.
437. Sargent, C. and Bass, S. (eds.) (1992). Plantation Politics: Forest Plantations in Development. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd.
438. Sasidharan, N. (1997). Forest Trees of Kerala: A Checklist Including Exotics, KFRI Handbook No. 2. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
439. Saur, E., Imbert, D., Etienne, J., Mian, D. and Dodd, R. S. (1999). Insect herbivory on mangrove leaves in Guadeloupe: effects on biomass and mineral content. Hydrobiologia, 413, 89-93.
440. Schabel, H. G. and Madoffe, S. (2001). Status and management of small coleopterous borers in living timbers in tropical Africa. In Protection of World Forests from Insect Pests: Advances in Research, IUFRO World Series Vol. 11, ed. R. Alfaro, K. Day, S. Salom et al. Malaysia: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, pp. 223-30.
441. Schabel, H.G., Hilje, L., Nair, K.S.S. and Varma, R.V. (1999). Economic entomology in tropical forest plantations: an update. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 11, 303-15.
442. Schowalter, T. D., Hargrove, W.W. and Crossley D.A. Jr. (1986). Herbivory in forested ecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology, 31, 177-96.
443. Selander, J. and Bubala, M. (1983). A survey of pest insects in forest plantations in Zambia, Research Note No. 33. Zambia: Division of Forest Research, Forest Department.
444. Selander, J. and Nkunika, P. O.Y. (1981). Termites as pests of Eucalyptus in Zambia: discussion paper 17th IUFRO World Congress. Kyoto, Japan: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations.
445. Selander, J., Loyttyniemi, K. and Chendauka, B. S. (1989). Control of termites in eucalypt plantations: testing protection methods and evaluating carbosulfan as an alternative of organochlorines, Research Note No. 46. Kitwe: Division of Forest Research, Forest Department.
446. Senguttuvan, T., Chinniah, C., Varma, R. V. and Nair, K. S. S. (2000). Knock-down toxicity of insecticides and Bt formulations on larvae of teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera. Indian Journal of Forestry, 23, 160-3.
447. Sen-Sarma, P. K (1996). Impact of termites in the forest ecosystem. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 343-8.
448. Sen-Sarma, P. K and Thakur, M. L. (1983). Insect pests of Eucalyptus and their control. Indian Forester, 109, 864-81.
449. Sharma, G., Dutta, B. K. and Seth, R. (2001). Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in protection of Gmelina arborea Roxb. Journal of Entomological Research,25 283-8.
450. Sharma, N. and Joshi, K C. (2004). Entomopathogenic fungi attacking sal heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman. Indian Journal of Forestry, 27, 133-40.
451. Sharma, Y. M. L. (1987). Inventory and resource of bamboos. In Recent Research on Bamboos, ed. A. N. Rao, G. Dhanarajan and C. B. Sastry. Hangzhou: Chinese Academy of Forestry and International Development Research Centre, Canada, pp. 4-17.
452. Shivayogeswara, B., Mallikarjunaiah, H., Krishna Prasad, N. K and Das, KG. S. (1988). Incidence of babool borer Celosterna scabrator Fabricius (Lamiinae, Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) on Eucalyptus in Malanad tracts of Shimoga. Indian Forester, 114, 410-13.
453. Shujauddin and Khan, H. R. (1999). New record of damage to poplar due to Leucoptera sphenograpta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), a leaf miner on poplar in Uttar Pradesh. Indian Forester, 125, 1255-60.
454. Simon and Schuster. (1999). Simon & Schuster New Millenium Encyclopedia and Home Reference Library, Deluxe Edition (Electronic Version). New York: Viacom Inc.
455. Singh, A. P. and Singh, K P. (1995). Damage evaluation of Nodostoma waterhousie Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on different clones, provenances and species of poplar in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Forestry, 18, 242-4.
456. Singh, P. (1985). Aerial spraying of chemicals to control teak defoliators. In Proceedings of 2nd Forestry Conference, vol. 2, ed. N. K. Mathur. Dehra Dun, India: Forest Research Institute and Colleges, pp. 901-7.
457. Singh, P. (1990). Current status of pests of Bamboos in India. In Bamboos: Current Research, ed. I. V. R. Rao, R. Gananaharan and C. B. Sastry. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute and International Development Research Centre, Canada, pp. 190-4.
458. Singh, P. and Bhandari, R. S. (1988). Insect pests of bamboos and their control. Indian Forester, 114, 670-83.
459. Singh, P. and Gupta, B. K. (1978). Laboratory evaluations of insecticides as contact sprays against forest pests. I. Teak skeletoniser: Pyrausta machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Forester, 104, 359-66.
460. Singh, P. and Mishra, R. M. (1978). Bioassay of thuricide, a microbial insecticide against important forest pests. Indian Forester, 104, 838-42.
461. Singh, P. and Misra, R. M. (1987). New record of Beauveria tenella (Delacroix) Siemaszko on teak skeletonizer Eutectona machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Forester, 113, 476-8.
462. Singh, P. and Thapa, R. S. (1988). Defoliation epidemic of Ascotis selenaria imparata Walk. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in sal forest of Asaroro Range, West Dehra Dun Division. Indian Forester, 114, 269-74.
463. Singh, P., Prasad, G. and Johri, A. B. (1978). Aerial spraying of insecticides to control teak defoliators. Indian Forester, 104, 781-2.
464. Singh, P., Fasih, M. and Prasad, G. (1982). Insect pests of exotic pines in India. Indian Forester, 108, 93-107.
465. Singh, P., Joshi, K. C. and Gurung, D. (1988). Efficacy of some insecticides against the larvae of khasi pine shoot borer, Dioryctria castanea Bradely (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Forester, 114, 29-34.
466. Singh, R., Goraya, G. S., Singh, C., Kumar, H. and Kumar, S. (2001). Mortality of chir pine trees by insect borers in Morni Hills, Haryana: A case study. Indian Forester, 127, 1279-86.
467. Sivaramakrishnan, V.R. (1986). Notes on recent outbreak of Celosterna scabrator Fabr. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Eucalyptus in Karnataka. Myforest, 22, 103-5.
468. Sivaramakrishnan, V. R. and Remadevi, O. K. (1996). Insect pests in forest nurseries in Karnataka, India, with notes on insecticidal control of a psyllid on Albizzia lebbek. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 460-3.
469. Skilling, D.D. and Batzer, H. O. (1995). World Directory of Forest Pathologists and Entomologists. Minnesota: US Department of Agriculture.
470. Snook, L. K. and Negreros-Castillo, P. (2004). Regenerating mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) on clearings in Mexico's Maya forest: the effects of clearing method and cleaning on seedling survival and growth. Forest Ecology and Management, 189, 143-60.
471. Soepangkat, S. (1998). Protection programme for pests in IPF-trans PT Hutan Kusuma. In Proceedings Workshop Permasalahan dan Strategi Pengalolaan Hama di Areal Hutan Tanaman, ed. G. Suratmo, S. Hadi, E. A. Husaeni et al. Bogor. Indonesia: Fakultas Kehutanan dan Departemen Kehutanan, pp. 49-54.
472. Soria, F.J., Villagran, M., Tio, R. del and Ocete, M. E. (1995). Incidence of Curculio elephas Gyll. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in cork and holm oak forests in the natural park Sierra Norte de Sevilla. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas, 21, 195-201.
473. Southwood, T. R. E. (1977). The relevance of population dynamic theory to pest status. In Origins of Pest, Parasite, Disease and Weed Problems, ed. J. M. Cherrett and R. Sagar. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, pp. 35-54.
474. Speechly, H. (1978). Insects attacking trees in the Bai Bang area of Vietnam. Paper presented in Meeting of IUFRO Working Groups S 2.06.12 and 2.07.07 on Pests and Diseases of Tropical Pines. Bogota, Colombia: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations.
475. Speight, M. R. (1996). The relationship between host tree stresses and insect attack in tropical forest plantations and its relevance to pest management. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 363-72.
476. Speight, M.R. and Speechly, H.T. (1982a). Pine shoot moths in S.E. Asia I. Distribution, biology and impact. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 61, 121-34.
477. Speight, M.R. and Speechly, H.T. (1982b). Pine shoot moths in S. E. Asia II. Potential control measures. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 61, 203-11.
478. Speight, M. R. and Wylie, F. R. (2001). Insect Pests in Tropical Forestry. Wallingford, UK: CABI International.
479. Speight, M. R., Hunter, M. D. and Watt, A. D. (1999). Ecology of Insects: Concepts and Applications. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
480. Srivastava, A. K., Kapoor, N. and Negi, B. K. (1984). Araeothrips longisetis Ananthakrishnan (Tubulifera: Thysanoptera: Insecta) causing damage to the leaves of Shorea robusta Roxb. (Dipterocarpaceae) in Dehra Dun. Indian Journal of Forestry, 7, 155.
481. Stalev, Z. (1989). Species composition of Geometridae in forests with a predominance of Fagus orientalis. Gorsko Stopanstvo, 45, 15-16.
482. Staples, J. A. and Milner, R. J. (2000). A laboratory evaluation of the repellency of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia to Coptotermes lacteus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology, 36, 1-16.
483. Stebbing, E. P. (1899). Injurious Insects of Indian Forests. New Delhi: Government of India.
484. Stebbing, E. P. (1903). Departmental Notes on Insects That Affect Forestry. Calcutta: Government of India Central Printing Office.
485. Stebbing, E. P. (1906). A note on the life history of Hoplocerambyx spinicornis (the Singbhum sal borer), Forest Bulletin No. 8. Calcutta: Government of India.
486. Stebbing, E. P. (1914). Indian Forest Insects of Economic Importance: Coleoptera. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode Ltd.
487. Stork, N. E. (1987). Guild structure of arthropods from Bornean rainforest trees. Ecological Entomology, 12, 69-80.
488. Strauss, S. H., Howe, G.T. and Goldfarb, B. (1991). Prospects for genetic engineering of insect resistance in forest trees. Forest Ecology and Management, 43, 181-209.
489. Strong, D. R., Lawton, J. M. and Southwood, T. R. E. (1984). Insects on Plants: Community Patterns and Mechanisms. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
490. Su, X. and Yu, X. D. (1979). A preliminary study of cotton locust: an insect pest of beef-wood on Dong-Hai Island, Kwangtung (Guangdong) Province (China). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 15, 171-7.
491. Subrmonian, S. and Krishnamurthy, S.V. (2002). Outbreak of hairy caterpillar Euproctis lunata Walker on acacia trees. Insect Environment, 8, 112.
492. Subyanto, Sultoni, A. and Musyafa. (1992). Inger-inger (Neotermes tectonae Damm.): one of the problems on teak management in Central Java. In One Century of Sustainable Forest Management with Special Reference to Teak in Java, ed. H. Simon. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Perum Perhutani and Gajah Mada University, pp. 209-12.
493. Sudheendrakumar, V.V. (1986). Studies on the Natural Enemies of the Teak Pests, Hyblaea puera and Eutectona machaeralis, KFRI Research Report No. 38. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
494. Sudheendrakumar, V. V. (2003). Reproductive behaviour of Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). Entomon, 28, 77-84.
495. Sudheendrakumar, V. V. and Bharathan, V. (2002). Feasibility of using indigenous parasitoids for biological control of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. Hutacharern, B. Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 111-21.
496. Sudheendrakumar, V.V., Ali, M. I.A. and Varma, R.V. (1988). Nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 51, 307-8.
497. Sudheendrakumar, V. V., Nair, K. S. S. and Chacko, K. C. (1993). Phenology and seasonal growth trend of teak at Nilambur (Kerala), India. Annals of Forestry, 42-6.
498. Sudheendrakumar, V.V., Evans, H. F., Varma, R.V. et al. (2001). Management of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera using baculovirus within a control window concept. In Tropical Forestry Research: Challenges in the New Millennium, ed. R. V. Varma, K. V. Bhat, E. M. Muralidharan and J. K. Sharma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 106-14.
499. Suharti, M., Irianto, R. S.B. and Santosa, S. (1994). Behaviour of the stem borer Xystrocera festiva Pascoe on Paraserianthes falcataria and integrated control. Buletin Penelitian Hutan, 558, 39-53.
500. Suharti, M., Asmaliyah, H. and Hawiati, W. P. (1995). Neem (Azadirachta indica) trees as a natural insecticide resource to control forest pests. Bulletin Penelitian Hutan, 589, 1-26.
501. Suharti, M., Sitepu, I. R. and Anggraeni, I. (2000). Behaviour, intensity and effect of the attack of stem borer, Indarbela acutistriata on sengon in KPH Kediri. Buletin Penelitian Hutan, 623, 37-50.
502. Supriana, N. and Natawiria, D. (1987). Current potential pine forest pests in Indonesia: a particular case in North Sumatra. In Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asia, BIOTROP Special Publication No. 26, ed. E. D. de Guzman and S. T. Nuhamara. Bogor, Indonesia: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology, pp. 139-45.
503. Su-Qiong, MacLean, D.A. and Needham, T. D. (1996). The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26, 1620-8.
504. Suratmo, F. G. (1977). Infestation of the leading shoots of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) by Hypsipyla robusta (Moore) in West Java, Indonesia. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asia 1976. Bogor, Indonesia: BIOTROP, pp. 121-32.
505. Suratmo, F. G. (1987). Current potentially dangerous forest pests in Indonesia. In Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asia, BIOTROP Special Publication No. 26, ed. E. D. de Guzman and S. T. Nuhamara. Bogor, Indonesia: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology, pp. 91-6.
506. Suratmo, F. G. (1996). Emerging insect pest problems in tropical plantation forest in Indonesia. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 502-6.
507. Sutton, S.L. (1983). The spatial distribution of flying insects in tropical rain forests. In Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, ed. S. L. Sutton, T. S. Whitmore and A. C. Chadwick. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 77-91.
508. Tabashnik, B. E., Carriere, Y., Dennehe, T.J. et al. (2003). Insect resistance to transgenic Bt crops: lessons from the laboratory and field. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96, 1031-8.
509. Tarrago, M. F. S. and Costa, E. C. (1990). Occurrence of Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on black acacia in Rio Grande do Sul. Revista do Centro de Ciencias Rurais, 20, 219-21.
510. Teaknet. (1995). Major teak resources of the Asia-Pacific region. Teaknet Newsletter, 1, 7.
511. Thakur, M. L. (2000). Forest Entomology: Ecology and Management. Dehra Dun, India: Sai Publishers.
512. Thakur, M. L., Kumar, S., Negi, A. and Rawat, D. S. (1989). Chemical control of termites in Eucalyptus hybrid. Indian Forester, 115, 733-43.
513. Thapa, R. S. (1970). Bionomics and control of laran defoliator, Margaronia hilaralis Walk. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). The Malaysian Forester, 33, 55-62.
514. Thapa, R. S. and Bhandari, R. S. (1976). Biology, ecology and control of Kadam defoliator Arthroschista hilaralis Walk. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in plantations in West Bengal. Indian Forester, 102, 388-401.
515. Tho, Y. P. (1987). Forest pests in Peninsular Malaysia. In Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asia, BIOTROP Special Publication No. 26, ed. E. D. de Guzman and S. T. Nuhamara. Bogor, Indonesia: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology, pp. 11-20.
516. Thompson, R. C. (1897). Insect ravages among teak and Anogeissus latifolia. Indian Forester, 23, 325.
517. Tilakaratna, D. (1991). Parasites of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera. Sri Lanka Forester, 20, 23-5.
518. Tin, N.T. (1990). Biology of the sawfly Shizocera sp. (Hymenoptera: Argidae), in North Vietnam. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 194-7.
519. Tobi, D. R., Grehan, J. R. and Parker, B. L. (1993). Review of the ecological and economic significance of forest Hepialidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Forest Ecology and Management, 56, 1-12.
520. Tsay, J., Lee, M.J. and Chen, R. S. (2001). Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for controlling casuarina tussock moth (Lymantria xylina Swinhoe) in casuarina plantations. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science, 16, 201-7.
521. Turchin, P. (1995). Population regulation: old arguments and a new synthesis. In Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis, ed. N. Cappuccino and P.W. Price. California: Academic Press, pp. 19-40.
522. Turnbull, J. W., Midgley, S.J. and Cossalter, C. (1998). Tropical acacias planted in Asia: an overview. In Recent Developments in Acacia Planting, ed. J. W. Turnbull, R. Crompton and K. Pinyopusarerk. Canberra: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, pp. 14-28.
523. USDA. (1980). Guidelines for the Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Foods, Fibers, Feeds, Ornamentals, Livestock, Households, Forest and Forest Products, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 571. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
524. Vaishampayan, S. M., Verma, R. and Bhowmik, A. K. (1987). Possible migration of teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) in relation to the movement of the south-west monsoon as indicated by light trap catches. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57, 41-6.
525. Valenciaga, N., Barrientos, A. and Mora, C. (1999). Performance of the beneficial entomofauna in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit areas. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 33, 319-24.
526. Van Den Beldt, R.J. and Napompeth, B. (1992). Leucaena psyllid comes to Africa. Agroforestry Today, 4, 11-12.
527. Varma, R.V. (1986). Seasonal Incidence and Possible Control of Important Insect Pests in Plantations of Ailanthus triphysa, KFRI Research Report No. 39. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
528. Varma, R. V. (1991). Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ailanthus Pests, Eligma narcissus and Atteva fabriciella, KFRI Research Report No. 78. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
529. Varma, R. V. (1996). Impact of Atteva fabriciella on growth of Ailanthus triphysa. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R.V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 311-16.
530. Varma, R. V. (2001). Termite Control in Clonally Propagated Root Trainer Raised Planting Stock, KFRI Research Report No. 215. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
531. Varma, R.V. and Ali, M. I. M. (1986). Bacillus firmus as a new insect pathogen on a lepidopteran pest of Ailanthus triphysa. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 47, 379-80.
532. Varma, R.V. and Nair, K. S. S. (1997). Evaluation of Newer Termiticides Including Plant Products for Forest Plantation Establishment, KFRI Research Report No. 127. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
533. Varma, R.V., Mohanadas, K., Mathew, G. and Nair, K. S. S. (1989). Laboratory evaluation of some insecticides against Pteroma plagiophleps Hampson, a bagworm pest of Albizia falcataria. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 17, 89-90.
534. Varma, R.V., Balagopalan, M. and Nair, K.S.S. (1995). Field evaluation of neem cake as a possible protectant against subterranean termites attacking Eucalyptus seedlings. Annals of Forestry, 3, 178-80.
535. Vasudev, V., Nagaraj, H.J., Nagabhushana and Hegde, S.N. (2001). Altitudinal and seasonal distribution of Drosophila species in the North Canara region of Western Ghats. Entomon, 26 (Special Issue), 326-31.
536. Vasudevan, K. G. (1971). Working Plan for Nilambur Forest Division, 1967-8 to 1976-7. Trivandrum, India: Government of Kerala.
537. Vazquez, A. M. C. (1980). Forest protection at the Forest Experiment Station ‘El Tormento’. Cienia Forestal, 5, 49-58.
538. Veenakumari, K. and Mohanraj, P. (1996). Folivorous insects damaging teak, Tectona grandis L. in the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean. Journal of Entomological Research, 20, 177-8.
539. Velkov, V. V., Medvinsky, A. B., Sokolov, M. S. and Marchenko, A. I. (2005). Will transgenic plants adversely affect the environment? Journal of Biosciences, 30, 515-48.
540. Verma, T. D. and Gaur, R. K. (1994). Bioecology of Dioryctria abietella Denis and Schiff: a pest of conifers in the north-western Himalaya. Biotropica, 7, 12-17.
541. Villacarlos, L. and Wilding, N. (1994). Four new species of Entomophthorales infecting the leucaena psyllid Heteropsylla cubana in the Philippines. Mycological Research, 98, 153-64.
542. Villacarlos, L.T., Paglinawan, R.W. and Robin, R. P. (1990). Factors affecting Leucaena psyllid populations in Leyte, Philippines. In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 122-9.
543. Vir, S. and Parihar, D. R. (1993). Insect pests of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. and Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hyne in the Thar Desert of India. Myforest, 29, 105-11.
544. Waage, J. (1990). Exploration for biological control agents of leucaena psyllid in tropical America. In Leucaena Psyllid: Problems and Management, ed. B. Napompeth and K. G. MacDicken. Bangkok: Winrock International/IDRC/NFTA/F-FRED, pp. 144-52.
545. Wagner, M. R., Atuahene, S.K. N. and Cobbinah, J. R. (1991). Forest Entomology in West Tropical Africa: Forest Insects of Ghana. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
546. Wardell, D. A. (1987). Control of termites in nurseries and young plantations in Africa: established practices and alternative courses of action. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 66, 77-89.
547. Wazihullah, A. K. M., Islam, S. S., Rahman, F. and Das, S. (1996). Reduced attack of keora (Sonneratia apetala) by stem borer in mixed-species plantations in coastal Bangladesh. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 8, 476-80.
548. Weisser, W. W. and Siemann, E. (eds.) (2004). Insects and Ecosystem Function. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
549. Wheeler, M. R. (1986). Additions to the catalogue of the world's Drosophilidae. In The Genetics and Biology of Drososphila, vol. 3e, ed. M. Ashburner, H. L. Carson and J. N. Thompson. London: Academic Press, pp. 395-409.
550. Whitmore, T. C. (1984). Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
551. Whitmore, T. C. (1998). An Introduction to Tropical Rain Forests. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
552. Whitten, A.J. and Damanik, S.J. (1986). Mass defoliation of mangroves in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biotropica, 18, 176.
553. Wilkinson, W. (1962). The principles of termite control in forestry. In Proceedings of the 8th British Commonwealth Forestry Conference. East Africa: Comonwealth Forestry Association, pp. 1-8.
554. Wilson, E. O. (1971). The Insect Societies. Cambridge: the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
555. Wint, G. R.W. (1983). Leaf damage in tropical rain forest canopies. In Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, ed. S. L. Sutton, T. S. Whitmore and A. C. Chadwick. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 229-39.
556. Wolda, H. (1979). Abundance and diversity of Homoptera in the canopy of a tropical forest. Ecological Entomology, 4, 181-90.
557. Wolda, H. and Foster, R. (1978). Zunacetha annulata (Lepidoptera: Dioptidae), an outbreak insect in a neotropical forest. Geo Eco Trop, 2, 443-54.
558. Wong, M., Wright, S.J., Hubbell, S. P. and Foster, R. B. (1990). The spatial pattern and reproductive consequences of outbreak defoliation in Quararibea asterolepis, a tropical tree. Journal of Ecology, 78, 579-88.
559. World Health Organization. (1973). The Use of Viruses for the Control of Insect Pests and Disease Vectors: report of a joint FAO/WHO meeting on insect viruses. WHO Technical Report Series No. 531. Geneva: WHO.
560. Wu, S. H., Chen, C. C. and Wang, T. H. (1979). A preliminary study on the teak defoliator Pyrausta machaeralis Walker. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 22, 156-63.
561. Wylie, F. R. (1992). A comparison of insect pest problems in eucalypt plantations in Australia and in southern China. Paper presented at 19th International Congress of Entomology. Beijing: International Congress of Entomology.
562. Wylie, F. R. and Floyd, R. B. (2002). The insect threat to eucalypt plantations in tropical areas of Australia and Asia. In Pest Management in Tropical Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, B. Napompeth, G. Allard and F. R. Wylie. Bangkok: FAO Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 11-17.
563. Wylie, F. R. and Peters, B. C. (1993). Insect pest problems of eucalypt plantations in Australia: 1. Queensland. Australian Forestry, 56, 358-62.
564. Wylie, R., Floyd, R., Elliott, H. et al. (1998). Insect pests of tropical acacias: a new project in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. In Recent Developments in Acacia Planting, ed. J. W. Turnbull, H. R. Crompton and K. Pinyopusarerk. Canberra: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, pp. 234-9.
565. Yamazaki, S., Taketani, A., Fujita, K., Vasques, C. P. and Ikeda, T. (1990). Ecology of Hypsipyla grandella and its seasonal changes in population density in Peruvian Amazon forest. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 24, 149-55.
566. Yemane, A. (1990). Further considerations on pest management of grassland reforestation in the Philippines. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 214-18.
567. Yonghi, P. and Kuiguang, C. (1996). Forest insect pests in Yunnan Province, China and methods for their management. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests, ed. K. S. S. Nair, J. K. Sharma and R. V. Varma. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, pp. 384-8.
568. Zakaria, M. (1990). Diseases of forest plantation species in Peninsular Malaysia. In Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations, ed. C. Hutacharern, K. G. MacDicken, M. H. Ivory and K. S. S. Nair. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, pp. 94-9.
569. Zanuncio, J.C., Guedes, R.N.C., Cruz, A.P.D. and Moreira, A.M. (1992). Efficiency of aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis and deltamethrin in the control of Theirinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in a eucalyptus grove in the Para region. Acta Amazonica, 22, 485-92.
570. Zhu, J. H. (2002). Study on application of entomopathogenic nematodes to control Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki on Eucalyptus. Journal of Fujian College of Forestry, 22, 366-70.
571. Zobel, B.J., Wyk, G., van and Stahl, P. (1987). Growing Exotic Forests. New York: Wiley.
572. Zulfiyah, A. (1998). Pest problems and threat in industrial plantation forests at PT Musi Hutan Persada, South Sumatra. In Proceedings Workshop Permasalahan dan Strategi Pengelolaan Hama di Areal Hutan Tanaman, ed. G. Suratmo, S. Hadi, E. A. Husaeni et al. Bogor, Indonesia: Fakultas Kehutanan dan Departemen Kehutanan, pp. 153-6.